Prepared by: -Mr. T.R.Shah, Lect., ME/MC Dept., U. V. Patel College of Engineering.Ganpat Vidyanagar.

Digital Image Processing & Machine Vision – An Introduction

Today's topics

Introduction to an image. Why digital image?? What is digital image?? What is digital image processing?? Digital image processing task. Applications. Types of digital images. Difficulties in image processing. Study on your own.

Introduction to image

An natural image captured with a camera, telescope, microscope or other type of optical instrument displays a continuously varying array of shades and color tones. This is known as continuous tone image or analog image.

An image provides information.

Why DIGITAL IMAGE??

Storage of an analog image !!! Processing an analog image !!!

Answer is impossibleto store and difficult toProcess the image.

What is Digital image??

A digital image differs from an photo in that x,y and f(x,y) values are discrete.

What is Digital Image Processing?? Image processing involves changing the

nature of an image in order to either

1) improve pictorial information for human interpretations, or2) render it more suitable for autonomous machine perception

3) reducing image size on disk

An Image Processing Task

*Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley, 1992

ImageAcquisition

ImageAcquisition

Preprocessing(Enhancement & Restoration)

Preprocessing(Enhancement & Restoration)

SegmentationSegmentation Representation &Description

Representation &Description

Recognition &Interpretation

Recognition &Interpretation

KnowledgeBase

KnowledgeBase

Result

ProblemDomain

Applications

Lane tracking & Guidance of an autonomous vehicle:-

N.B.:- Project submitted by Sagar Shukla & his group(2009).

Image Capture Image Processing And Analysis

Lane Identification

Steering Control Control Circuit

Applications – block diagram Lane tracking & Guidance of an autonomous vehicle

ApplicationsReal model of Manipulator

Object detection in Pick & Place Robotic Manipulator:-

CameraStepper Motor

Sliders

Object

N.B.:- Project submitted by Anant Jain & his group (2009).

Applications- CAD modelObject detection in Pick & Place Robotic Manipulator

Application Object detection in Pick & Place Robotic Manipulator – block diagram

Image Acquisition

Image Processing

Interfacing

M/CCONTROLLE

R

Manipulator

Sensors(Feedback)

Applications

Object Follower : -

N.B.:- Project submitted by Parth Chopra & Karan Dave(2010).

Image acquisitionImage acquisition

Noise RemovalNoise Removal

Edge detectionEdge detection

Morphological operationMorphological operation

Shape DetectionShape Detection

Area and C.G MeasurementArea and C.G Measurement

Motion controlMotion control

Block Diagram

Block Diagram

Object Follower

Applications

Automatic Character Recognition :-

N.B.:- Project submitted by Tarun Patel & his group (2010).on “Number Plate Recognition and Parking”

Image acquisitionImage acquisition

Convert RGB to Gray image

Convert RGB to Gray image

Convert to binary image via threshoding and invert image

Convert to binary image via threshoding and invert image

Apply morphological operation for number plate recognition

Apply morphological operation for number plate recognition

OCR AlgorithmOCR Algorithm

Convert number in text or excel

Convert number in text or excel

Block diagram for OCR

ParkingParking

Applications

Image Inpainting: -

N.B.:- Dissertation work done by Prof. Priyank Thakkar (CE Dept., UVPCE).

Types of digital Images

Binary image Gray scale image, True color image or RGB image, Indexed image.

Difficulty in digital image processing

Image size Gray scale image of 512 X 512 requires

= 512 X 512 X 8= 2097152 bits.= 2MB

3D image perception

Assignment

Think about a block of blue color. Notice the color of an object when seen under white lighting.

Think about a block of blue color. Notice the color of an object when seen under yellow lighting.

Take a block of gray color and put it on white back ground. Note down the brightness of object. Now, take the same block & put it on black background. Notice the difference for two cases.

Create picture using paint. Save it in jpg format. Save as the same picture using 24 bit true color bmp format. Now, check the property of two image and comment on size of same picture but saved in different formats

Use your mobile phone low resolution camera & get image of dark sky at night. Keep night mode on. Capture an image , get soft copy and conclude about original scene & picture. (Mark color other than black.)