prepared by : abobakr haj alshaikh superved by :prof m.a.abuhif

15
Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

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Page 1: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikhSuperved by :prof M.A.abuhif

Page 2: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

The tropical diseases are disease that are prevalent or unique in to tropical an subtropical regions.

Insects and Ticks are the most common diseases carrier or vector .

Page 3: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

Used to describe the seasonal movement of livestock to regions of different climates.

Is a highly specialized mode of life to permits the utilization land witch are seasonally productive.

Start between summer and winter ,or dry to wet season

Page 4: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

Transhumant peoples own most of livestock in many country (Libya, Nigeria, Sudan, Syria)

In south American and African country they are important contributors to their economic countries.

They are maintain a rang of different livestock species (sheep, goats, cattle, buffalo, camel..)

Page 5: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

1- close association between people, their animal, and their environmental (complex interaction).

2- lack of piped water and sanitation absence of permanent housing .

3- lack diseases control programmes , veterinary and educational facilities (Macpherson, 1994).

Page 6: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

Extremes of temperature, above 40₀c and below 10₀c and low relative humidity are inimical to the survival or maturation of parasite

All parasite have optimum temperature at witch mature and play role in limiting their geographical distribution

Larval stage of nematode species, may develop inside protective eggs may survive for long period

Page 7: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

Long enough to be available for transmission the following season when the transhumance group again pass through the area .

In the arid areas L4 of larvae of Haemonchus spp. accumulate in the cattle at the end of rainy season persist in this form over the long dry season and then maturation in next rainy season

Page 8: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

Seasonal and prolonged droughts result in change in nutrition and survival of livestock can effect the epidemiology of diseases .

The prolonged drought in Turkana between 1978and 1981 killed over 70% of the livestock an led to heavy E.granulosus infection in dogs (Wachira et al., 1990)

Page 9: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

The build – up of faecally transmitted infections and arthropods well be influence by

1- the sized of the community 2- the time spent in one location3- environmental condition Parasitic infections have profound influence

on the migration patterns (Fulani ,Bagara)

Page 10: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

Infections are much greater in transhumant group for the

1- poor sanitary contamination2- sharing water sources 3- relationship with domestic animal (dogs –

women and children )

Page 11: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

Nematodes larval require period of environmental maturation before becoming infective this may be only a few hours or weak to month

Temperature play an important role in the time taken for maturation (Trichuris spp.50 days in18-15 and 10days in 30c )

Migration may serve introduce parasites in to new areas

Page 12: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

Migration may bring animal in to contact wail animal

Contact facilitate exchange of many diseases (rinderpest ,bluetongue ,trypansomosis theileriosis)

Rabbits and hares act as reservoir host

Page 13: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

The transhumant grazing young and old animal of different species together well favour the control of some helminth but also facilitates the transmission

Page 14: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif

المكافحة األعراض االنتقال طرق المسبب المرض

باالوكسي يعالجضده ويحصن تيتراسايكلين،

لمدة مناعة يعطي ميت بلقاحواحد عام

حبري نزف العاب، حمى،الفم مخاطية تحت

عن الماطرة المواسم فيشراب او طعام ابتالع طريق

ملوث

مالتوسيدا باستيريال باكتيرياPasteurella multocida

الدموي 1. التسمم(Haemorrhagic

Septicaemia)

فقدان تغوط، عسر اسهال،احيانا بالبطن، الم شهية،

فقدان عصبية، اعراضشيوعا اقل حاالت في الوزن،

دم فقر

ملوث شراب او طعام ابتالعالمتكيس البيض بطور

Oocysts

ايميريا جنس اولي طفيلEimeria spp

الكوكسيديا 1.(Coccidiosis)

في ميت، بلقاح التحصينالذبح المستوطنة، المناطق

البيطري الحجر والتعويض،

حويصالت العاب، حمى،مفاجئ موت والقدم، بالفم

للصغار

والهواء الماء طريق عنالفيروس الملوث، والطعام

للظروف المقاومة شديدالعادية والمطهرات الجوية

والفم القدم مرض فيروس(Foot and mouth disease

virus)

القالعية 1. الحمى(aphthous fever)

الحيوية، بالمضادات العالجفترة ذو لكن فعال التحصيناالمن نظام تطبيق قصيرة،

للقطيع الحيوي

االستلقاء تنفس، عسر كحة،لهاث، حمى، طويلة، لفترة

رغوي لعاب

ال الميكروب االستنشاق،طويلة لفترة الحياة يستطيعتحدث االصابة العائل، خارج

او ملوث حامل طريق عنمصابة جديدة حيوانات

كابركولم مايكوبالزما Mycoplasma) كابرينيمونيcapricolum subsp.

capripneumoniae)

والجنبة 1. الرئة التهاباألغنام في الساري

(CCPP)

مستنبت بلقاح التحصيناخر لقاح اي او االنسجة

مخاطية افرازات حمى،اعراض اسهال، قيحية،

تنفسية

الملوثة، المواد االلتصاق،المصابة الجديدة الحيوانات

المجترات طاعون فيروسفايرس موربيلي الصغيرة،

Peste des petits ruminants virus,a morbillivirus

المجترات 1. طاعون(PPRالصغيرة )

Page 15: Prepared by : Abobakr haj alshaikh Superved by :prof M.A.abuhif