preparation of polyurethane acrylate/ organically …2017/04/28 · production of polymers. •...
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Preparation of Polyurethane Acrylate/ Organically Modified Montmorillonite Nanocomposites by
Electron Beam Radiation Curing
By
Dr. Ashraf Salih
Sudan Atomic Energy CommissionP. O Box 3001, Khartoum, Sudan
27/04/2017
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Introduction
Sudan Atomic Energy Commission
• Polyurethanes (PUs) are hetrochain polymerscharacterized by repeated units contain carbamate(urethane) –NH-CO- groups.
• The continuous elevation in petroleum prices, its impacton the environment, increasing demands for renewable,environmentally friendly source for the industrialproduction of polymers.
• Although the polyurethane acrylate has excellent properties,still it has low modulus and tensile strength. Incorporation oflow amount of clay will enhance the mechanical properties.
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Introduction
• Radiation curing is a process of converting liquid prepolymers and monomers into a solid cured films.
• The energy of the UV radiation or the electron beam is used to induce free radical polymerization, and thus curing of the polymer films take place.
• Advantages: can be performed at room temperature, with a fast curing rate, No volatile chemicals.
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Introduction
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• EB has been used in different applications of resin. such asacrylate composites (Vautard et al., 2011), epoxy acrylateresins for conductive films application, curing of thermoset-thermoplastic blend (Alessi et al., 2011), epoxy/claynanocomposites (Khaksari et al., 2013) and polyurethanenanocomposites for coating application (Steele et al., 2012).
• Electron beam radiation was found to be an excellentmethod for the rapid curing without using of chemicalinitiators. Therefore, it is an environmentally friendlytechnique (Alessi et al., 2007b; Mascioni et al., 2013; Sui etal., 2003).
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Objective of the Study
To Investigate the electron beam
radiation-induced curing of palm oil
based polyurethane acrylate/clay
nanocomposites.
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Experimental
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Polyurethane Acrylate (PUA)+ Reactive
monomers
ODA-MMTstirringSonication at 25°C
Casting in Al-mold with thickness≈
1mm
EB Curing with different doses
Coating in glass substrate
thickness≈ 20μm
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Experimental
Sudan Atomic Energy Commission
Formula
PUA
(g)
TMPTA
(g)
DPGDA
(g)
Mono-Ac
(g)
Filler (%)
PUA 7.00 0.70 1.40 2.80 0
PUA-ODA-
MMT
7.00 0.70 1.40 2.80 1,3,5, ODA-MMT
PUA-MMT 7.00 0.70 1.40 2.80 1,3,5, Na-MMT
The Typical Formulation of the PUA/ODA-MMT Nanocomposites Films
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Characterization
Sudan Atomic Energy Commission
Morphology
XRD
TEM
Chemical structure FTIR
Mechanical Properties
Tensile
Test
DMA
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Results & Discussion/ FTIR
Sudan Atomic Energy Commission
The nanocomposites spectra displayed an absorption IR bands at 1035 cm-1 (Si-O-Si, Si-O-C) asymmetric stretching vibration, the stretching band of Si-OH at 954 cm-1, Si-O-C deformation at 833 cm-1, Mg-O bending vibration at 515 cm-1, therefore the ODA-MMT was successfully dispersed in the PUA matrix.
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Results & Discussion/ XRD
The distance between the silicate layers was increased due to the intercalation of the PUA chains in the gallery spacing. The microcomposite sample with pristine MMT 5 wt% displayed diffraction peak at 2θ = 7.9° corresponding to d spacing about 11.9 Å, revealing the poor interaction between the pristine MMT and PUA matrix.
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Results & Discussion/ TEM
Sudan Atomic Energy Commission
TEM micrographs of (A) PUA/MMT 5 wt% at low magnification, (B)PUA/MMT 5 wt% at high magnification, (C) PUA/ODA-MMT 3 wt%, and (D)PUA/ODA-MMT 5 wt%.
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Results & Discussion/ DMA
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• The presence of the ODA-MMT in the PUA matrix led to decrease the segmentalmotions, and increase significantly the storage modulus of the PUA in the glassystate.
• E’ values in the rubbery state were lower than in the glassy state.
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Results & Discussion/ DMA-Tan δ
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• The 3 wt% ODA-MMT led to elevate the Tg value to 65.1°C (From 37.9°C), and no significant change could be found when the amount increased to 5 wt%, (Tgwas about 64.38°C)
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Results & Discussion/ Mechanical
Properties
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• These results revealed that the stiffness of the PUA was increased by incorporation of the organoclay.
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Results & Discussion/ Effect of Radiation
Dose
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60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Ge
l co
nte
nt
(%)
Radiation dose (kGy)
• The gel fraction in the PUA nanocomposites films increased with the radiation doses.
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Results & Discussion/ Effect of TMPTA
Content
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50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Ge
l c
on
ten
t (%
)
TMPTA amount (%)
• The increase of the TMPTA amount, resulted in a significant increase in the gel fraction in of the PUA nanocomposites films.
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Conclusion• EB curing produced nanocomposites, with remarkable
improvement in the thermal, mechanical and morphologicalproperties, compared to the pristine PUA.
• The nanocomposites prepared by Eb showed betterProperties.
• The Young`s modulus increased from 8.53 to 132.43 MPaand the tensile values were also increased significantlyfrom 1.54 to 11.11 MPa.
• The storage modulus value from 17 to 40 MPa, innanocomposites with 3 wt% ODA-MMT nanocomposites.
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Alessi, S., Dispenza, C., Pitarresi, G., & Spadaro, G. (2011). Radiation curing of thermosetting-
thermoplastic blends as matrices for structural carbon fibre composites Advances in
Composite Materials-Ecodesign and Analysis (pp. 125-140). Rijeka: In Tech.
Alessi, S., Dispenza, C., & Spadaro, G. (2007). Thermal Properties of E-beam Cured
Epoxy/Thermoplastic Matrices for Advanced Composite Materials. Macromolecular
Symposia, 247, 238-243.
Khaksari, M., Ahmadi, S. J., Moosaviyan, S. M. A., & Nazeri, M. (2013). Effect of electron beam
irradiation on thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites. Journal of
Composite Materials, 47(28), 3517-3524.
Mascioni, M., Ghosh, N. N., Sands, J. M., & Palmese, G. R. (2013). Electron beam and UV
cationic polymerization of glycidyl ethers – part I: Reaction of monofunctional phenyl
glycidyl ether. Journal of applied polymer science, 130, 479-486. doi: 10.1002/app.39184
Steele, A., Bayer, I., & Loth, E. (2012). Adhesion strength and superhydrophobicity of
polyurethane/organoclay nanocomposite coatings. Journal of applied polymer science,
125(S1), E445-E452.
Sui, G., Zhang, Z.-G., Chen, C.-Q., & Zhong, W.-H. (2003). Analyses on curing process of electron
beam radiation in epoxy resins. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 78, 349-357.
Vautard, F., Fioux, P., Vidal, L., Schultz, J., Nardin, M., & Defoort, B. (2011). Influence of the
carbon fiber surface properties on interfacial adhesion in carbon fiber–acrylate composites
cured by electron beam. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 42(7), 859-
867.
References
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Thank you
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