prepaid electric kwh meter monitoring system

PREPAID ELECTRIC KWH METER MONITORING

SYSTEM

A final project report

presented to

the Faculty of Engineering

By

Muhammad Fauzi Ramadhan

002201400008

in partial fulfillment

of the requirements of the degree

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

President University

April 2018

ii

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

I declare that this final project report, entitled “Prepaid Electric kWh Meter Monitoring

System” is my own original piece of work and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, has

not been submitted, either in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree. All

sources that are quoted or referred to are truly declared.

Cikarang, Indonesia, April 2018


iii

APPROVAL PAGE

PREPAID ELECTRIC KWH METER MONITORING

SYSTEM

By


002201400008

Approved by

Carolus Kaswandi, M.Sc.

Final Project Supervisor

Antonius Suhartomo, Ph.D.

Head of Study Program

Electrical Engineering

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Foremost, I would like to deliver my greatest gratitude honor to Allah SWT, The Most

Merciful and The Most Gracious so that I could reach this phase of my university life and

complete my final project on time in order to fulfill the requirement for undergraduate

program at President University. Greetings and salawat may always be devoted to Prophet

Muhammad SAW

I would like to express my sincere appreciation gratitude to my final project supervisor

Carolus Kaswandi, M.Sc. for the continuous support of my final project work, for his

patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time of

research and writing of this final project report.

Beside my supervisor, I would like to thank the rest of lecturers whom helped me and gave

me motivation during my university life, Dr.-Ing. Erwin Sitompul, S.T., M.Sc., Antonius

Suhartomo, Ph.D., Ir. Adhi Wijaya, M.Sc., Arthur Parsaoran Silitonga, B.Sc., M.Sc., Joni

Welman Simatupang, S.T., M.Sc. Eng., Ph.D, Mia Galina, M.T, Dr. Herman, and Oki

Neswan, Ph.D.

I would like to say thanks to my beloved parents Mr. Muhammad Jauhari, M.Si. and Mrs.

Nurmagdalena, M.Pd., this thesis is dedicated to my parents who always give me a lot of

support and motivation, my parents always concern about every path that I took. Then, I

would like to say thanks to my lovely brother Muhammad Muzakki and my lovely sisters

Nursyifa and Nur Nabila who always support and entertain me anytime anywhere. Also I

would like to say thanks to my big family, Zahirul Ma’ala, my class Electrical Engineering

batch 2014, also for all senior and all junior in the university and for all.

Cikarang, April 2018


v

APPROVAL FOR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

I hereby, for the purpose of development of science and technology, certify and approve to

give President University a non-exclusive royalty-free right upon my final project report

with the title:

PREPAID ELECTRIC KWH METER MONITORING SYSTEM

Along with the related software or hardware prototype (if needed). With this non-exclusive

royalty-free right, President University is entitled to conserve, to convert, to manage in a

database, to maintain, and to publish my final project report. These are to be done with the

obligation from President University to mention my name as the copyright owner of my final

project report.

Cikarang, April 2018


002201400008

vi

ABSTRACT

In this era, PLN’s electricity customers are beginning to use prepaid kWh meter, which

require customers to fill in the pulse before using electricity. In prepaid kWh meter there are

some of indicators, for instance notification about status credit of the pulse. When electricity

will be drop or empty that need to be top-up, the prepaid kWh meter will show blinking led

and alarm sound as warning notification. Let say, the led will blink and alarm sound will

active when the value of the token under 20.00 kWh. There is any problem when the user

leaves the house, they cannot get the information of the token will be drop or empty. Then,

making a device that can send the information about the token. The device is run by using

program which is Arduino Uno. This device will detect alarm sound through sound alarm

FC-04 module and sending short message service (SMS) to the user as the information that

the token will be drop or empty using GSM Sim 800L module. In conclusion, the device

successfully detect a status credit of prepaid kWh meter that will be drop or empty and

deliver the information of status credit trough short message service.

Keywords: Arduino Uno, sound sensor FC-04 module, GSM SIM 800L module, sending

short message service (SMS)

vii

TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................................. ii

APPROVAL PAGE .............................................................................................................. iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................... iv

APPROVAL FOR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION ............................................................... v

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... vi

TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................................... vii

LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. ix

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ x

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1

1.1. Background ............................................................................................................. 1

1.2. Problem Statement .................................................................................................. 1

1.3. Objectives ................................................................................................................ 2

1.4. Scopes and Limitations ........................................................................................... 2

1.5. Outline ..................................................................................................................... 2

1.5.1. Chapter I – Introduction .............................................................................. 2

1.5.2. Chapter II – Design Specification ............................................................... 3

1.5.3. Chapter III – Design Implementation ......................................................... 3

1.5.4. Chapter IV – Results and Discussion .......................................................... 3

1.5.5. Chapter V – Conclusions and Recommendations ....................................... 3

CHAPTER 2 DESIGN SPECIFICATION ............................................................................ 4

2.1. Microcontroller ........................................................................................................ 4

2.1.1. Arduino Uno .................................................................................................. 4

2.1.2. Arduino Uno board description ..................................................................... 5

2.2. Arduino IDE ............................................................................................................. 8

2.3. Prepaid kWh Meter ................................................................................................ 10

2.4. Sound Sensor FC-04 Module ................................................................................. 11

2.5. GSM Sim 800L Module ......................................................................................... 12

viii

2.6. DC-DC Step-down LM2596 Module .................................................................... 13

CHAPTER 3 DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................... 15

3.1. Introduction to Design Implementation ................................................................. 15

3.2. Hardware Implementation ..................................................................................... 17

3.2.1. Hardware design .......................................................................................... 17

3.3. Software Implementation ....................................................................................... 20

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................... 21

4.1. Results and Discussion Introductory ..................................................................... 21

4.2. Results .................................................................................................................... 22

4.3. Discussion .............................................................................................................. 26

4.4. Strengths and Weaknesses ..................................................................................... 27

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................... 28

5.1. Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 28

5.2. Recommendations .................................................................................................. 28

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 29

APPENDIX ......................................................................................................................... 30

ix

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Arduino uno ......................................................................................................... 5

Figure 2.2 Arduino uno board ............................................................................................... 8

Figure 2.3 Arduino IDE 1.6.12 interface ............................................................................... 9

Figure 2.4 Prepaid kWh meter ............................................................................................. 10

Figure 2.5 Sound sensor FC-04 module .............................................................................. 11

Figure 2.6 GSM Sim 800L module ..................................................................................... 12

Figure 2.7 DC-DC Step-down LM2596 Module................................................................. 14

Figure 3.1 Block diagram .................................................................................................... 15

Figure 3.2 Flow chart .......................................................................................................... 16

Figure 3.3 Schematic diagram ............................................................................................. 18

Figure 4.1 Top view ............................................................................................................ 21

Figure 4.2 Front view .......................................................................................................... 22

Figure 4.3 Receiving SMS .................................................................................................. 24

Figure 4.4 Condition that there is no alarm sound is detected ............................................ 25

Figure 4.5 Condition that alarm sound is detected .............................................................. 25

Figure 4.6 Receiving messages in sequence time ............................................................... 27

x

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Electret Microphone Specification [8] ................................................................ 11

Table 2.2 Features GSM Sim 800L Module [9], [10] ......................................................... 13

Table 2.3 Features LM2596 [11] ......................................................................................... 14

Table 3.1 List of Connection ............................................................................................... 19

Table 3.2 Pins Configuration ............................................................................................... 19

Table 4.1 Sunny ................................................................................................................... 23

Table 4.2 Cloudy ................................................................................................................. 23

Table 4.3 Rainy ................................................................................................................... 24

President University 1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

Electricity is important in our lives. In this era, almost all the things use electricity such as

handphone, lamp, television, coolcase, etc. Every house need electricity. In Indonesia,

electricity is controlled by PLN. Gradually, PLN’s electricity customers are beginning to use

prepaid kwh meter, which require customers to fill in the token before using electricity.

In prepaid kWh meter there are some of indicators, for instance notification about status

credit of the token. When electricity will be drop or empty need to be top-up, the prepaid

kWh meter will show blinking led and show alarm sound as warning notification. Let say,

the led will blink and alarm sound will active when the value of the token under 20.00 kWh.

There is any problem when the user leaves the house, they cannot get the information of the

token will be drop or empty.

In daily activity, that is the as the experience cannot get the information of status credit of

the token is experienced by who consume prepaid kWh meter in their house. Therefore, the

author decided to make this problem as a topic for the thesis and presented it with the title

“Prepaid Electric kWh Meter Monitoring System”. The purpose of the experiment in this

final project is to give the information for the user who is outside the house when electricity

will be drop and need to be top-up.

1.2. Problem Statement

The people who are leave their house that they cannot get the information the status credit

of prepaid kWh meter. This final project will be focusing on getting the status credit which

will improve the prepaid kWh meter, capable to give information of the status credit via

short message service to certain user.


In the end of this report there will be problem statements to reach the result of this final

project.

• How to design a prepaid kWh meter which can detect a status credit?

• What kind of communication will be used to ease the information transferred to the user?

1.3. Objectives

The objective of this final projet is to design a prepaid kWh meter which is able to:

1. Detect a status credit of prepaid kWh meter that will be drop or empty.

2. Communicate with the user, giving the notification a status credit of prepaid kWh meter.

1.4. Scopes and Limitations

This final project will be conducted under the following scopes :

1. The final project is an improvement of Prepaid kWh Meter.

2. The final project uses a microcontroller Arduino Uno.

3. The final project uses a Sound Sensor FC-04 Module.

4. Information will be transferred via GSM SIM 800L Module within short message service.

This final project is conducted under the following limitations:

1. This device is applied in inside the box of prepaid kWh meter.

2. This device is applied for the house that has minimum type of 90, means 90 is the building

area consist of 90 m2.

3. This final project only can delivery the information through short message service.

1.5. Outline

The final project report consists of five chapters and is outlined as follows:

1.5.1. Chapter I – Introduction

This chapter consists of Background, Problem Statement, Objective, Scopes and

Limitations, and Outline.


1.5.2. Chapter II – Design Specification

The chapter will discuss the theoretical, features, and specification about the component that

will use for the final project

1.5.3. Chapter III – Design Implementation

This chapter consists of about explaination in hardware implementation and software

implementation. For hardware implementation will present such as the requirement of the

component that needed, installation component to component, schematic diagram. For

software implementation will present the program that uploaded into Arduino Uno.

1.5.4. Chapter IV – Results and Discussion

This chapter will present such as the packaging of the device, data collection for the

experiment. Discussion, strength, and weakness will present here as well

1.5.5. Chapter V – Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter will present the conclusion from the objective of this final project and make

recommendation for the future.


CHAPTER 2

DESIGN SPECIFICATION

2.1. Microcontroller

Microcontroller is small component, with lots of circuitry inside it, having few connections

for external communication. However all these integrated circuits differ from each other, in

terms of function. The circuit inside an integrated circuit, may it be digital or analog, is

purpose designed. Like 555, a very popular timing IC, has all the necessary circuitry inside

to make various types of oscillators. Similarly a 7447 is a binary to 7-segment decoder, and

has input pins to accept binary coded decimal (BCD) number, the output pins will then turn

on and off accordingly to display the number on a 7-segment display. So on a so forth, you

come across hundreds and thousands of ICs with specific functions. In order to get an

application work, you must know specifically the function, input and output requirements of

the particular integrated circuit [1].

2.1.1. Arduino Uno

In this final project, author uses Arduino Uno because it has enough pins for this final project.

Arduino Uno is prototype platform (open – source) based on an easy to use hardware and

software which can be programed, for write and upload the program using Arduino IDE

(Integrated intelligent Environment) [3]. Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on

the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM

outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICPS

header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;

simply connect it into a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter

or battery to get started [2]. The Arduino Uno as can be seen in the Figure 2.1.


Figure 2.1 Arduino uno

2.1.2. Arduino Uno board description

In this part, will explain about Arduino Uno board description that author uses for this

project. The Arduino Uno board as can be seen in Figure 2.2.

a.) Power USB

Arduino Uno board can be powered by using the USB cable from computer [3]

b.) Power (Barrel Jack)

Arduino Uno boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by

connecting it to the Barrel Jack [3].

c.) Voltage Regulator

The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the Arduino Uno board

and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements [3].


d.) Crystal Oscillator

The crystal oscillator helps Arduino Uno in dealing with time issues. How does Arduino

calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal oscillator. The number printed on top of

the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. It tells us that the frequency is 16,000,000 Hertz or 16

MHz [3].

e.) Pins Power

• 3.3V: Supply 3.3 output VDC [3].

• 5V: Supply 5 output VDC [3].

• GND (Ground): There are several GND pins on the Arduino Uno, any of which can be

used to ground the circuit [3].

• Vin: This pin also can be used to power the Arduino Uno board from an external power

source, like AC mains power supply [3].

f.) Analog pins

The Arduino Uno board has five analog input pins A0 through A5. These pins can read the

signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or temperature sensor and convert it

into a digital value that can be read by the microprocessor [3].

g.) Main microcontroller

The Arduino Uno board has its own microcontroller. Assume it as the brain of the board.

The main IC (integrated circuit) on the Arduino is slightly different from board to board.

The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL Company [3].

h.) ICSP pin

Mostly, ICSP is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the Arduino consisting of MOSI,

MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND. It is often referred to as an SPI (Serial Peripheral

Interface), which could be considered as an "expansion" of the output [3].


j.) Power LED indicator

This LED should light up when plug in Arduino Uno into a power source to indicate that the

board is powered up correctly. If this light does not turn on, then there is something wrong

with the connection [3].

k.) TX and RX LEDs

On the board will find two labels: TX (transmit) and RX (receive). They appear in two places

on the Arduino Uno board. First, at the digital pins 0 and 1, to indicate the pins responsible

for serial communication. Second, the TX and RX led. The TX led flashes with different

speed while sending the serial data. The speed of flashing depends on the baud rate used by

the board. RX flashes during the receiving process [3].

l.) Digital I / O

The Arduino Uno board has 14 digital I/O pins (of which 6 provide PWM (Pulse Width

Modulation) output. These pins can be configured to work as input digital pins to read logic

values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive different modules like LEDs, relays, etc. The

pins labelled “~” can be used to generate PWM [3].

m.) AREF

AREF stands for Analog Reference. Sometimes, used to set an external reference voltage

(between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins [3].


Figure 2.2 Arduino uno board

2.2. Arduino IDE

The software used in this final project is Arduino IDE (Integrated Development

Environment) 1.6.12. The Arduino IDE 1.6.12. interface as can be seen in the Figure 2.3.

Power Pins

Digital I/O

Power (Barrel jack)

Main microcontroller

Power USB

Analog Pins

AREF


Figure 2.3 Arduino IDE 1.6.12 interface

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) - contains

a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for

common functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino and Genuino hardware

to upload programs and communicate with them [4].

Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These sketches are

written in the text editor and are saved with the file extension .ino. The editor has features

for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback while

saving and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays text output by the

Arduino Software (IDE), including complete error messages and other information. The

bottom right hand corner of the window displays the configured board and serial port. The

toolbar buttons allow you to verify and upload programs, create, open, and save sketches,

and open the serial monitor [4].


2.3. Prepaid kWh Meter

A prepaid electricity meter is a kWh (Kilowatt Hour) meter, measuring electrical

consumption. The main difference with post-paid kWh meter is that this prepaid kWh meter

counts backwards as the electricity is consumed and has a relay (an automatic switch) which

disconnects the power when the kWh reading on the meter reaches zero. It further

incorporates hardware which has the ability to decipher the pin number entered and convert

it to kWh. [5]. Prepaid kwh meter has system when electricity will be drop and need to be

top-up, the pre-paid kWh meter will show blinking led and alarm sound as notification.

Prepaid kWh meter as can be seen in Figure 2.4.

Figure 2.4 Prepaid kWh meter


LM

393

2.4. Sound Sensor FC-04 Module

Sound sensor is sensor that can be used to detect sound. In this final project, author uses

Sound sensor FC-04 module.The sound sensor module provides an easy way to detect sound

and is generally used for detecting sound intensity. It uses an electret microphone which

supplies the input to an amplifier LM 393, peak detector and buffer. When the sensor detects

a sound, it processes an output signal voltage which is sent to a microcontroller then performs

necessary processing [6]. This sound sensor FC-04 module operates in voltage about 3.3

VDC up to 5 VDC [7]. Sound sensor FC-04 module as can be seen in the Figure 2.5 and the

specification about electret microphone as can be seen in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Electret Microphone Specification [8]

Figure 2.5 Sound sensor FC-04 module

Specification Description

Frequency Range 100 ~ 10,000 Hz.

Operating Temperature -40ºC to +85ºC

Maximum Current 0.5 mA


2.5. GSM Sim 800L Module

In this project, for sending short message service, author uses GSM Sim 800L module. Mini

GSM / GPRS breakout board is based on SIM800L module, supports quad-band GSM/GPRS

network, available for GPRS and SMS message data remote transmission. The board

features compact size and low current consumption. With power saving technique, the

current consumption is as low as 1mA in sleep mode. It communicates with microcontroller

via UART port, supports command including 3 GPP TS 27.007, 27.005 and SIMCOM

enhanced AT Commands [9]. GSM Sim 800L Module as can be seen in Figure 2.6 and the

feature as can be seen in Table 2.2.

Figure 2.6 GSM Sim 800L module


Table 2.2 Features GSM Sim 800L Module [9], [10]

2.6. DC-DC Step-down LM2596 Module

In this project, DC-DC step-down LM2596 is used as voltage regulator to supply voltage into

GSM Sim 800L module. The LM2596 regulator is monolithic integrated circuit ideally suited

for easy and convenient design of a step−down switching regulator (buck converter). It is

capable of driving 3.0 A load with excellent line and load regulation. This device is available

in adjustable output version and it is internally compensated to minimize the number of

external components to simplify the power supply design. Since LM2596 converter is a

switch−mode power supply, its efficiency is significantly higher in comparison with popular

three−terminal linear regulators, especially with higher input voltages [11].

The LM2596 operates at a switching frequency of 150 kHz thus allowing smaller sized filter

components than what would be needed with lower frequency switching regulators. Available

in a standard 5−lead TO−220 package with several different lead bend options, and D2PAK

surface mount package. The other features include a guaranteed 4% tolerance on output

voltage within specified input voltages and output load conditions, and 15% on the oscillator

frequency. External shutdown is included, featuring 80 A (typical) standby current. Self-

protection features include switch cycle−by−cycle current limit for the output switch, as well

as thermal shutdown for complete protection under fault conditions [11].

No Features GSM Sim 800L Module

1 Input Voltage : 3.7 VDC – 4.2 VDC

2 Quad-band 850/900/1800/1900MHz

3 Connect onto any global GSM network with any 2G SIM (in the USA, T- Mobile is

suggested)

4 Make and receive voice calls using a headset or an external 8 speaker and electret

microphone

5 Send and receive SMS messages

6 Send and receive GPRS data (TCP/IP, HTTP, etc.)

7 Scan and receive FM radio broadcasts

8 Lead out buzzer and vibrational motor control port

9 AT command interface with "auto baud" detection


The DC-DC Step-down LM2596 Module as can be seen in the Figure 2.7 and the features of

LM2596 is shown in the Table 2.3.

Figure 2.7 DC-DC Step-down LM2596 Module

Table 2.3 Features LM2596 [11]

No Features LM2596

1 Adjustable Output Voltage Range 1.23 V − 37 V

2 Guaranteed 3.0 A Output Load Current

3 Wide Input Voltage Range up to 40 V

4 150 kHz Fixed Frequency Internal Oscillator


CHAPTER 3

DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION

3.1. Introduction to Design Implementation

This chapter will explore of about explaination in hardware impelemtation and software

implementation. About hardware implementation will present such as the requirement of the

component that needed, installation component to component, schematic diagram. About

software implementation will present the program that uploaded into Arduino Uno. About

the general work of the systems as can be seen in Figure 3.1.

Prepaid Kwh Meter Sound Sensor Arduino Uno

Sim 800LHandphone

Figure 3.1 Block diagram

At first, alarm sound of prepaid kWh meter is detected by sound sensor, then Arduino Uno

will process the information given by sensor to turn on green led as indicator lamp and

sending short message service to a hand phone of user through module GSM Sim 800L that

his number already registered in Arduino Uno. Figure 3.2 shows the flow chart of the system.


START

Sense Alarm

of prepaid

kwh meter

Alarm

detected ?

Green Led

On

Check

the pulse

of Sim

card

If pulse of Sim

card enough

End

Red Led On

Sending SMS

No

Yes

Yes

No

Figure 3.2 Flow chart


According to the flow chart Figure 3.2. Here, the author describes about the flow chart. From

the start, then processing to sense the alarm sound. Next, There are any decision which are

alarm sound is detected or not. If the alarm sound is not detected then red led will be on.

Otherwise, if the alarm sound is detected then green led will be on. After that, checking the

pulse of sim card, if the pulse is enough then sending SMS to the user, if the pulse is not

enough then the process will be end.

3.2. Hardware Implementation

This part explains how the device implemented. The explanation will be presented in list of

component. The component for hardware implementation as follows:

• 1 Arduino Uno as the microcontroller of the device

• 1 Recorder as representative of prepaid kWh meter alarm sound

• 1 Sound Sensor FC-04 Module as alarm sound detector

• 1 GSM Sim 800L Module for short message service

• 1 DC-DC step-down LM2596 Module as regulator voltage

• 1 Sim card telkomsel with the pulse as provider for short message service

• 1 Hand phone for receiving short message service

• 1 resistor 100 Ohm for green led

• 1 resistor 220 Ohm for red led

• 1 green led as indicator when detecting alarm sound

• 1 red led as indicator when there is no alarm sound

• 1 Adaptor 12 VDC as a power supply

3.2.1. Hardware design

This is about explanation how the schematic of device is installed. Integration component to

component such as Arduino Uno, GSM Sim 800L Module, Sound Sensor FC-04 Module,

DC-DC Step-down LM2596 Module, Red Led, Green Led, Resistor 220 Ohm, and Resistor

100 Ohm. The explanation will be presented by using full schematic diagram that as can be

seen in Figure 3.3 and list of connection as can be seen in Table 3.1. Then, for explanation

pins configuration of Arduino Uno as can be seen in Table 3.2.


GREEN RED

100 220

out gnd vcc

Sim 800L

gnd RXTX rst vcc

DC

-DC

Ste

p-d

ow

nIn + In -

Out -

Out +

So

un

d

sen

sor

Arduino Uno

2A4

5V

4

Gnd

usbsppl

gnd 7

8

A

B

A

B

Figure 3.3 Schematic diagram


Table 3.1 List of Connection

Table 3.2 Pins Configuration

Destination 1 Destination 2

Arduino Uno / 4 Resistor 100 Ohm / leg A

Arduino Uno / 2 Resistor 220 Ohm / leg A

Arduino Uno / A4 Sound Sensor / out

Arduino Uno / gnd DC-DC stepdown / in -

Arduino Uno / 5V DC-DC stepdown / in +

Arduino Uno / 7 Sim 800L / TX

Arduino Uno / 8 Sim 800L / RX

DC-DC stepdown / out + Sim 800L / vcc

DC-DC stepdown / out - Sim 800L / gnd

Arduino Uno / Gnd Green Led / negative leg

Arduino Uno / Gnd Red Led / negative leg

Resistor 100 Ohm / leg B Green Led / positive leg

Resistor 220 Ohm / leg B Red Led / positive leg

DC-DC stepdown / in + Sound Sensor / vcc

Arduino Uno / Gnd Sound Sensor / gnd

No Pin Number Function

1 Digital Pin 2 Output Red Led

2 Digital Pin 4 Output Green Led

3 Digital Pin 7 TX serial communication

Sim 800L

4 Digital Pin 8 RX serial communication

Sim 800L

5 Analog Pin A4 Input Sound Sensor


3.3. Software Implementation

In this final project, consist of a sound sensor FC-04 module as alarm detector. When alarm

sound detected, the device will send short message service to the user by GSM sim 800L

module. When operating the device, the author will use a program called Arduino (IDE

1.6.12. version) in order to upload the program into arduino uno as main controller. The

sketch and description as can be seen in Appendix.


CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Results and Discussion Introductory

In this final project, author uses recorder as representative of prepaid kWh meter alarm sound

to conduct the experiment. The packaging of the device has done. The device as can be seen

from top view in Figure 4.1 and front view in Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.1 Top view


Figure 4.2 Front view

4.2. Results

This Section will describe the experiment result of this final project. The experiment was

conducted. The author conducted the simulation in condition when the user of prepaid kWh

meter leaves the house. The author conducted simulation that the user leaves the house in

several distance. The device for sending short message service used telkomsel as SIM card.

This experiment conducted in three weather and several distance as follows:

1. Sunny

Here, the weather in the area of device is sunny. This is condition when the lighting of sun

can light the earth. The result as shown in Table 4.1.


Table 4.1 Sunny

2. Cloudy

Here, the weather in the area of device is cloudy. This is condition when the clouds dominant

covering the sky. For the result as can be seen in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Cloudy

3. Rainy

Here, the weather in the area of device is rainy. This is condition when the clouds emit water

to the earth. The result as can be seen in Table 4.3.

No Time Sending Time Receiving Weather Distance Conclusion

1 9:43 AM 9:43 AM Sunny 12000 m Accepted







1 7:31 AM 7:31 AM Cloudy 12000 m Accepted

2 1:47 PM 1:47 PM Cloudy 6000 m Accepted






Table 4.3 Rainy

For the short message service in the hand phone of the user as can be seen in Figure 4.3.

Figure 4.3 Receiving SMS

In the Figure 4.3 it shows when the user get the information from the device. It indicates

that the token need to be top-up soon.


1 12:14 PM 12:14 PM Rainy 12000 m Accepted


3 11:09 AM 11:09 AM Rainy 4100 m Accepted

4 11:21 AM 11:21 AM Rainy 2900 m Accepted




Figure 4.4 shows the condition there is no alarm sound is detected and in the Figure 4.5

shows the condition when the device detect alarm sound.

Figure 4.4 Condition that there is no alarm sound is detected

Figure 4.5 Condition that alarm sound is detected


4.3. Discussion

Electricity is important in our lives. In this era, almost all the things use electricity such as

handphone, lamp, television, coolcase, etc. Every house need electricity. In Indonesia,

electricity is controlled by PLN. Gradually, PLN’s electricity customers are beginning to use

prepaid kwh meter, which require customers to fill in the token before using electricity.

In prepaid kWh meter there are some of indicators, for instance notification about status

credit of the token. When electricity will be drop or empty need to be top-up, the prepaid

kWh meter will show blinking led and show alarm sound as warning notification. Let say,

the led will blink and alarm sound will active when the value of the token under 20.00 kWh.

There is any problem when the user leaves the house, they cannot get the information of the

token will be drop or empty. In daily activity, that is the as the experience cannot get the

information of status credit of the token is experienced by who consume prepaid kWh meter

in their house. The author already conducted the simulation to implement the device.

To conduct the simulation, first, plug in power supply from adaptor 12 V or plug in into USB

port of the laptop. Second, put the device close to source of alarm sound. From the

experiment, we can see that for time delay from sending one short message service to

receiving short message service in different distance and different weather of device is not

more than 1 minutes.

This device still has problem. The sound sensor FC-04 not only detect the alarm sound of

prepaid kWh meter but also detect any sound surrounding of the device. Then, whatever the

sound that detected by sound sensor FC-04, it will send short message service to the user.

To solve that problem, author has solution, to know whether the short message service due

to alarm sound or the other sound, if the short message service from the alarm sound of

prepaid kwh meter, the user will receive messages in sequence time (see Figure 4.6), due to

alarm sound of prepaid kWh meter turn on continuously.


Figure 4.6 Receiving messages in sequence time

4.4. Strengths and Weaknesses

In this final project about prepaid kWh meter electricity monitoring system has the strengths

which are:

• Able to send the information through short message service when the user leaves the

house to get notification about token of prepaid kWh meter will be drop or empty so that

the user can avoid there is no electricity in their house when they arrived in their house.

• This system used short message service as an information so that the user no need the

pulse in their hand phone, just receive the short message service (SMS)

The weakness about prepaid kWh meter electricity monitoring systems are:

• The system cannot recognize the alarm sound so that the systems can detect whatever the

sound around the systems

• When the signal of the SIM card provider in bad condition, it can be problem to send the

information


CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1. Conclusions

There are several conclusions that can be taken from the analysis of “prepaid electric kWh

meter monitoring system" experiment, which are:

1. In achieving the objective of this final project, the author using the Arduino Uno, Sound

Sensor FC-04 Module, and GSM Sim 800L Module which successfully implemented for

detect a status credit of prepaid kWh meter that will be drop or empty.

2. The device success to detect status credit of prepaid kWh meter and deliver the

information of status credit through short message service.

5.2. Recommendations

The device can be improved for good performance in the future, some recommendation

which are:

1. For detecting alarm sound of prepaid kWh meter more accurate, the user should ask

permission to PLN in order to access the system. Then, we can detect alarm sound through

the voltage that flow alarm sound (buzzer). It means using voltage sensor module.

2. The information of status credit can deliver also to e-mail of the user.


REFERENCES

[1] Iqbal, M. Amer, Teach Yourself PIC Microcontrollers for Absolute Beginners, Pakistan:

Microtronics Pakistan, 2013. Available: https://www.scribd.com/doc/7378807/PIC-for-

Beginners [January 15, 2018]

[2] “Arduino Uno Rev3” Available: https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-uno-rev3 [January

6, 2018]

[3] “Arduino Tutorials Point Simply Easy Learning” Available: www.tutorialspoint.com

[January 6, 2018]

[4] “Arduino Software (IDE)” Available: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment

[January 6, 2018]

[5] “Prepaid Electric” Available: http://www.prepaidelectric.co.za/cp/15926/how-does- a-

prepaid-meter-work [January 6, 2018]

[6] Sound Sensor, Datasheet, tinkbox.

[7] Sound Detection Sensor Module / Modul Sensor Suara FC04 FC-04 Arduino, Datasheet,

Guntur Perdana Instrumen

[8] Electret Microphone, Datasheet, Challenges Electronics

[9] Sim 800L, Datasheet, HAOYU Electronics

[10] Sim 800L, Datasheet, Ktechnics systems

[11] LM2596, Datasheet, On Semiconductor

https://www.scribd.com/doc/7378807/PIC-for-Beginners

https://www.scribd.com/doc/7378807/PIC-for-Beginners

https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-uno-rev3

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment

http://www.prepaidelectric.co.za/cp/15926/how-does-%20a-prepaid-meter-work

http://www.prepaidelectric.co.za/cp/15926/how-does-%20a-prepaid-meter-work

https://www.tokopedia.com/gpinstrument2/sound-detection-sensor-module-modul-sensor-suara-fc04-fc-04-arduino


APPENDIX

Coding Description

#include <Sim800L.h>

#define RX 7

#define TX 8

const int SenOut = A4;

const int redLED = 2;

const int greenLED = 4;

int sensorValue = 0;

Sim800L GSM(RX, TX);

char* text;

char* number;

// It explains the pin placement of components

such as sound sensor FC-04 in pin A4. Red

Led in pin number 2, Green Led in pin number

4, sim 800L RX in pin number 8 for serial

communication and TX in pin number 7 for

serial communication

// to turn on when no detecting sound

// to turn on when detecting sound


bool error;

void setup()

{

pinMode(redLED, OUTPUT);

pinMode(greenLED, OUTPUT);

pinMode(SenOut, INPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop()

{

sensorValue = analogRead(SenOut);

if (sensorValue > 850)

{

digitalWrite(redLED, HIGH);

digitalWrite(greenLED, LOW);

}

// to catch the response of sendSms

// this describes for the program that run once

time

// This describes that the program do looping

// it describes when the sound sensor FC-04 is

not detecting alarm sound of prepaid kwh

meter, then red led will turn on and green led

turn off


else if (sensorValue < 850)

{

digitalWrite(greenLED, HIGH);

digitalWrite(redLED, LOW);

delay(50);

GSM.begin(4800);

text="Please top up your token soon"; .

number="083899506070";

error=GSM.sendSms(number,text);

}

}

// it describes when the sound sensor FC-04 is

detecting alarm sound of prepaid kwh meter,

then green led will turn on and red led will turn

off

// Getting Notification when the token need to

be top up

// here, it describes about to start sending short

message service. Also to set up the contain of

short message service and to set up the number

of the user that will receive the short message

service

prepaid electric kwh meter monitoring system

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