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Prentice Hall Literature, The British Tradition © 2010 Correlated to:

The Nevada English Language Arts Standards (Grade 12)

1 SE = Student Edition - TE = Teacher Edition

NEVADA ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS STANDARDS

PRENTICE HALL LITERATURE, THE BRITISH TRADITION

GRADE 12

High school students enhance reading comprehension skills using structural analysis. Students expand their vocabulary and knowledge of words through context, word study, and multi-media resources. They read and comprehend grade appropriate text with fluency and expand their use of reading strategies and skills across content areas. They use the writing process to compose a variety of multi-paragraph texts with an awareness of audience and purpose. Students revise drafts and then edit for mechanics, word usage, and sentence structure. They formulate questions, research a topic, and write multi-paragraph text to inform or persuade. Students also write summaries. Students may publish their work. They participate in and sometimes lead group discussions. Students expand active listening skills and demonstrate public speaking techniques.

English Language Arts Standards

Content Standard 1.0 Students know and use word analysis skills and strategies to comprehend new words encountered in text and to develop vocabulary.

All indicators include both literary and expository text. All indicators are based on grade-appropriate text and skills. All indicators are used to aid comprehension.

At a minimum, students will maintain previously-learned skills and attain the following:

1.12.3 I/L Decode unknown words in text using structural analysis through

• base words

• root words

• suffixes

• prefixes

• syllables

• compound words

SE/TE: Vocabulary Development, 66, 121, 136, 197, 280, 306, 359, 377, 398, 417, 492, 537, 597, 627, 663, 704, 745, 754, 793, 851, 865, 879, 908, 930, 988, 1007, 1084, 1150, 1168, 1186, 1205, 1243, 1270, 1279, 1279, 1357, 1431

1.12.4 I/L Comprehend, build, and extend vocabulary using

• homographs

• homophones

• syntax

• parts of speech

• synonyms

• antonyms

SE/TE: Synonym, 32, 89, 152, 306, 502, 537, 551, 645, 685, 745, 766, 793, 919, 1038, 1150, 1186, 1243, 1279; Antonym, 32, 89, 166, 359, 537, 566, 851, 919, 1007, 1051

I/S Comprehend, build, and extend vocabulary using

• context clues

• structural analysis

SE/TE: Roots, 66, 197, 280, 306, 359, 398, 417, 537, 627, 663, 704, 754, 793, 851, 879, 908, 908, 930, 1084, 1150, 1168, 1186, 1205, 1243, 1279, 1279, 1357, 1431; Suffixes, 121, 704, 745, 865, 930, 988; Prefixes, 136, 377, 492, 597, 704, 930, 1007, 1270; Context clues, check, 137, 140, 141, 143, 145, 151; also see: Vocabulary in context: SAT: Critical Reading, Sentence Completion, 231, 459, 711, 937, 1117, SAT: Reading Comprehension, Sentence Completion, 1485

I/L Apply alphabetic order to locate words in resources.

SE/TE: Vocabulary Workshop: Dictionaries and other resources, 224; also see: Dictionary, 646, 650, 652, 662, 707






I/L Use resources to find and/ or confirm meaning of

• unknown words

• word origins

• Greek word roots

• Latin word roots

SE/TE: Vocabulary Workshop: Dictionaries and other resources, 224, Words from mythology, 452, Etymology: political science/history terms, 704, Etymology of science, medical, mathematical terms, 930, Cognates and borrowed words, 1478; also see: Roots, 66, 197, 280, 306, 359, 398, 417, 537, 627, 663, 704, 754, 793, 851, 879, 908, 908, 930, 1084, 1150, 1168, 1186, 1205, 1243, 1279, 1279, 1357, 1431

I/L Evaluate authors’ use of connotation and denotation in text.

SE/TE: Connotation, Denotation, 152

I/L Build vocabulary using

• pictures

• symbols

SE/TE: For related activities see: Informational Texts: Map, 3, 16, 237, 576, 601, 816, 906; Photographs, 73, 74, 438, 571, 573, 814, 815, 1287, 1289, 1292–1293, 1455; Illustration, 437; Painting, 574, 905; Graph, 812; Chart, 600, 813; Schedule, 602; Diagram, 1456

1.12.5 I/L Apply knowledge of content-specific vocabulary in text to build comprehension.

SE/TE: Vocabulary Workshop: Words from mythology, 452, Etymology: political science/history terms, 704, Etymology of science, medical, mathematical terms, 930; also see: Genre focus with definitions of literary terms: The Changing English Language: Beginnings of English, 7, A Man of Fire-New Words, 241, No Harmless Drudge, He, 469, The Romantic Age, 723, Euphemisms: the Fig Leaves of Language, 949, Britspeak, A to Zed, 1129; Focus on Literary Forms: Epic, 34–35, Drama, 308–309, Essay, 678–679, Lyric poetry, 774–775, Novel, 990–991, Short story, 1216–1217

I/L Read fluently aloud and/or silently with a focus on

• prosody

• accuracy

• automaticity

• reading rate

SE/TE: Reading rate, adjust, 991; also see: Reread, 35, 123, 126, 127, 128, 130, 135; Sentences, break down, 679; Sentences, read poetry in, 1400, 1403, 1407, 1409; Dialogue, read aloud, 1473






Nevada English Language Arts Standards

Content Standard 2.0 Students use reading process skills and strategies to build comprehension.

All indicators include both literary and expository text. All indicators are based on grade-appropriate text and skills. All indicators are used to aid comprehension.


2.12.1 I/L Select before reading strategies appropriate to text and purpose to

• preview text

• access prior knowledge

• build background knowledge

• set purpose for reading

• make predictions

• determine reading rate

• determine text type

SE/TE: Predictions, make/confirm, 758, 1244; Reading rate, adjust, 991; Informational Texts: predict content and purpose, 1022; Background knowledge, apply, 1340; also see: Sentences, break down, 679; Sentences, read poetry in, 1400, 1403, 1407, 1409

2.12.2 I/L Select during reading strategies appropriate to text and purpose to

• use self-correcting strategies

• make, confirm, and revise predictions

• understand and use key vocabulary

• identify main idea and supporting details

• make inferences

• adjust reading rate

• apply knowledge of text type

SE/TE: Main idea, determine, 38, 42, 45, 48, 51, 52, 53, 58, 61, 65, 168, 196, 252, 254, 305; Paraphrasing, 42, 45, 48, 51, 52, 53, 58, 61, 65, 309, 668, 670, 880, 883, 887, 888, 893; Clarity of meaning, analyze, 82, 85, 86, 89, 342, 343, 350, 353, 358; Comprehension, repair, 95, 98, 106, 108, 112, 115, 120, 123, 126, 127, 128, 130, 135, 588, 592, 596, 852, 856, 864, 1191, 1193, 1203, 1204; Summarize, 168, 172, 176, 181, 183, 186, 189, 194, 196, 282, 283, 289, 291, 1366, 1370, 1376; Author's perspective, analyze, 436, 480, 484, 491, 708, 934; Author's philosophical assumptions, analyze, 680, 685, 958, 974, 1038, 1138, 1141, 1148; Author's beliefs, analyze, 958, 974, 1086, 1093, 1094; Author's assumptions, analyze, 1028, 1030, 1035, 1149






2.12.3 I/L Select after reading strategies appropriate to text and purpose to

• recall details

• restate main ideas

• organize information

• record information

• synthesize text

• evaluate text

• evaluate the effectiveness of reading strategies

SE/TE: Main idea, determine, 65, 254; Paraphrasing, 65, 893; Clarity of meaning, analyze, 89, 358; Summarize, 196, 291, 1376; Author's perspective, analyze, 491; Author's purpose, 662, 1006, 1308; Author's philosophical assumptions, analyze, 685, 974, 1148; Author's beliefs, analyze, 974, 1094; Author's assumptions, analyze, 1035, 1149; also see: Critical Reading, 29, 37, 64, 80, 119, 150, 165, 183, 204, 208, 210, 260, 269, 276, 287, 301, 339, 355, 375, 396, 415, 428, 434, 483, 490, 500, 508, 510, 513, 550, 556, 616, 625, 643, 653, 675, 739, 791, 808, 849, 863, 869, 872, 876, 889, 907, 968, 973, 984, 1004, 1020, 1037, 1047, 1049, 1059, 1076, 1090, 1143, 1146, 1175, 1178, 1184, 1212, 1234, 1241, 1277, 1291, 1305, 1311, 1326, 1336, 1347, 1364, 1369, 1371, 1375, 1386, 1390, 1394, 1398, 1408, 1413, 1414, 1429, 1442, 1466


Content Standard 3.0 Students read literary text to comprehend, interpret, and evaluate authors, cultures, and times.

All indicators are based on literary text. All indicators are based on grade-appropriate text and skills. All indicators are used to aid comprehension.


3.12.1 I/S Analyze setting. SE/TE: Setting, 137, 151, 1340, 1342, 1349, 1351, 1356

I/S Analyze plot development with a focus on

• climax

• resolution

• turning point

SE/TE: Plot, 990, 1216, 1218, 1224, 1226, 1228, 1230, 1237, 1238, 1242

I/L Analyze plot development with a focus on

• exposition

• rising action

• falling action

SE/TE: Plot, 990, 1216, 1218, 1224, 1226, 1228, 1230, 1237, 1238, 1242

I/S Describe internal and external conflict. SE/TE: Conflict, internal/external, 360, 364, 366, 373, 376, 1340

I/S Describe main plot and subplots. SE/TE: Plot, 990, 1216, 1218, 1224, 1226, 1228, 1230, 1237, 1238, 1242

I/S Analyze how one event may cause another event.

SE/TE: Cause-and-effect relationships, 360, 363, 365, 367, 370, 376, 1218, 1222, 1225, 1227, 1228, 1233, 1238, 1239, 1242

I/S Analyze an author’s use of flashback. SE/TE: Flashback, 1216, 1296, 1301, 1306

I/S Analyze an author’s use of foreshadowing. SE/TE: Foreshadowing, 1216






I/S Make inferences and draw conclusions about setting and plot based on evidence.

SE/TE: For related activities see: Setting, 137, 151, 1340, 1342, 1349, 1351, 1356; Plot, 990, 1216, 1218, 1224, 1226, 1228, 1230, 1237, 1238, 1242

3.12.2 I/S Evaluate methods of characterization used by the author.

SE/TE: Characterization, 95, 98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 110, 115, 117, 120, 1340, 1345, 1350, 1354, 1418, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1434, 1437, 1439, 1443

I/S Describe the motivation for a character’s actions.

SE/TE: Characters, static/dynamic (identify causes of characters’ actions), 1418, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430; also see: Characterization, 95, 98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 110, 115, 117, 120, 1345, 1350, 1354, 1434, 1437, 1439, 1443

I/S Analyze author’s development of characters. SE/TE: Characterization, 95, 98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 110, 115, 117, 120, 1340, 1345, 1350, 1354, 1418, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430, 1434, 1437, 1439, 1443

I/S Make inferences and draw conclusions about a character(s) based on evidence.

SE/TE: Characters, static/dynamic (identify causes of characters’ actions), 1418, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1430; also see: Characterization, 95, 98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 110, 115, 117, 120, 1345, 1350, 1354, 1434, 1437, 1439, 1443

3.12.3 I/S Analyze a theme based on evidence. SE/TE: Theme, 264, 270, 504, 508, 510, 514, 702, 990, 1040, 1043, 1047, 1049, 1050, 1216, 1218, 1242, 1244, 1247, 1248, 1250, 1252, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1264, 1268, 1269, 1272, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1313, 1315, 1358, 1363, 1365, 1388, 1390, 1393, 1396, 1437

I/L Compare themes generated by a single topic. SE/TE: Universal themes, compare, 264, 270; Similar themes, analyze, 504, 513, 514, 1316, 1320, 1323, 1325, 1326, 1329, 1330, 1332, 1334, 1337

I/S Explain a lesson learned based on events and/or a character’s actions.

SE/TE: Parable, 296, 301, 305; also see: Characterization and theme, 1434, 1437, 1439, 1443

3.12.4 I/S Evaluate the effect of an author’s use of

• first-person point of view

• third-person limited point of view

• third-person omniscient point of view

SE/TE: Point of view, 588, 591, 593, 596, 1191, 1194, 1195, 1244, 1252, 1257, 1258, 1269

I/L Distinguish between third-person limited and third-person omniscient point of view.

SE/TE: Point of view, 588, 591, 593, 596, 1191, 1194, 1195, 1244, 1252, 1257, 1258, 1269

3.12.5 I/S Evaluate the use and purpose of

• imagery

• figurative language

SE/TE: Figurative language, 774, 852, 855, 858, 864; Imagery, 378, 382, 383, 385, 388, 389, 393, 395, 397, 702, 775, 866, 870, 872, 874, 878






I/L Identify the effects of rhythm and rhyme on text.

SE/TE: Rhythm, 18, 32, 1086, 1090; Rhyme, 775, 818, 850; Meter, 1090, 1094, 1400, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1409; Free verse, 1388, 1400

I/L Evaluate the use and purpose of

• sound devices

• dialect

• slang

• formal language

• informal language

SE/TE: Dialect, 732, 741, 744; Poetic sound devices, 818, 821, 823, 828, 830, 832, 834, 835, 837, 841, 848, 850; also see: Formal Informal essay, 678

3.12.6 I/S Evaluate the use of stylistic devices to create tone and mood.

SE/TE: Comparing Literary Works: Tone, 662; Tone, 1272, 1275, 1278; Mood and Theme, 1040, 1043, 1047, 1049, 1050

I/L Compare uses of stylistic devices to create mood.

SE/TE: Comparing Literary Works: Tone, 662; Tone, 1272, 1275, 1278; Mood and Theme, 1040, 1043, 1047, 1049, 1050; also see: Style, 1366, 1376, 1388, 1390, 1393, 1396, 1399

I/S Explain the use of irony. SE/TE: Irony, 366, 376, 610, 614, 626, 1072, 1308, 1313, 1315, 1319, 1322, 1323, 1331, 1334, 1337

I/L Analyze uses of various types of irony. SE/TE: Dramatic irony, 360, 366, 376; Situational irony, 1337; also see: Irony, 610, 614, 626, 1072, 1308, 1313, 1315, 1319, 1322, 1323, 1331, 1334

3.12.7 I/L Analyze the influence of historical events and culture.

SE/TE: Historical context, understand, 18, 28, 32, 679; Historical writing, 82, 85, 88, 89; Comparing Literary Works: Frame stories across cultures, 156; Relate to historical period, 558, 566, 1043, 1154, 1156, 1158, 1167; Understand historical period, 779, 782, 784, 792; Cultural conflict, 1316, 1319, 1330, 1337; Knowledge of history, apply, 1340, 1343, 1346, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1355, 1356; also see: Snapshot of the period, 2–3, 236–237, 464–465, 716–717, 942–943, 1122–1123; Historical and Literary Background, 4–13, 238–247, 466–475, 718–727, 944–953, 1124–1133; Essential Questions of the Literary Period, 14, 248, 476, 728, 954, 1134; Literary History, 90–91, 155–156, 310–311, 516–517, 540–541, 796–797, 992–993, 1010–1011, 1152–1153, 1160–1161, 1208–1209, 1432–1433, 1460–1461






I/L Analyze the influence of historical events and culture on author’s works.

SE/TE: Historical context, understand, 18, 28, 32, 679; Historical writing, 82, 85, 88, 89; Comparing Literary Works: Frame stories across cultures, 156; Relate to historical period, 558, 566, 1043, 1154, 1156, 1158, 1167; Understand historical period, 779, 782, 784, 792; Cultural conflict, 1316, 1319, 1330, 1337; Knowledge of history, apply, 1340, 1343, 1346, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1355, 1356; also see: Snapshot of the period, 2–3, 236–237, 464–465, 716–717, 942–943, 1122–1123; Historical and Literary Background, 4–13, 238–247, 466–475, 718–727, 944–953, 1124–1133; Essential Questions of the Literary Period, 14, 248, 476, 728, 954, 1134; Literary History, 90–91, 155–156, 310–311, 516–517, 540–541, 796–797, 992–993, 1010–1011, 1152–1153, 1160–1161, 1208–1209, 1432–1433, 1460–1461; The British Tradition, 22, 116, 483, 637, 738, 783, 839, 917, 966, 1165, 1238, 1301, 1449

I/L Analyze the influence of an author’s work on historical events.

SE/TE: Bede: from A History of the English Church and People, 84; Queen Elizabeth I: from Speech Before Her Troops, 285; Charles II: Declaration to London 1666, 578; Lord John Russell: Speech in Favor of Reform, 899; Sir Robert Peel: Speech Against Reform, 901; Thomas Babington Macaulay: On The Passing Of The Reform Bill, 905; Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley: from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 916; Jonathan Swift: A Modest Proposal, 617; Joseph Addison: from The Aims of The Spectator, 682; Virginia Woolf: from A Room of One's Own, 1202; Winston Churchill: Wartime Speech, 1287; Arthur C. Clarke: from We'll Never Conquer Space, 1446

3.12.8 I/S Make and revise predictions based on evidence.

SE/TE: Predictions, make/confirm, 758, 762, 765, 1244, 1249, 1251, 1252, 1256, 1259, 1267, 1269






3.12.9 I/L Make connections to self, other text, and/or the world.

SE/TE: Comparing Literary Works, 18, 32, 156, 196, 212, 252, 261, 270, 290, 296, 305, 421, 435, 480, 541, 551, 558, 566, 580, 662, 662, 662, 676, 732, 744, 753, 753, 779, 792, 797, 809, 850, 852, 864, 878, 893, 908, 919, 987, 1011, 1069, 1083, 1094, 1209, 1215, 1365; Historical context, understand, 18, 28, 32, 679; Historical writing, 82, 85, 88, 89; Relate to historical period, 558, 566, 1043, 1154, 1156, 1158, 1167; Understand historical period, 779, 782, 784, 792; Historical period: connect to, 1040, 1050; Cultural conflict, 1316, 1319, 1330, 1337; Knowledge of history, apply, 1340, 1343, 1346, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1355, 1356; also see: Contemporary Connection: King Arthur: Legendary Hero, Broadway Star!, 13, William Shakespeare: To Be or Not to Be. . .A Rocker!, 247, John Milton: Epic Poet or Computer Visionary?, 475, Jane Austen, Movie Star, 727, The Brontës: Fantasy Forerunners, 953, George Orwell: More Relevant Than Ever!, 1133

I/L Use information to answer specific questions. SE/TE: Test Practice: Informational Texts, 213, 291, 441, 581, 603, 713, 1027, 1070, 1295; for related activities, also see: Critical Reading, 29, 37, 64, 80, 119, 150, 165, 183, 204, 208, 210, 260, 269, 276, 287, 301, 339, 355, 375, 396, 415, 428, 434, 483, 490, 500, 508, 510, 513, 550, 556, 616, 625, 643, 653, 675, 739, 791, 808, 849, 863, 869, 872, 876, 889, 907, 968, 973, 984, 1004, 1020, 1037, 1047, 1049, 1059, 1076, 1090, 1143, 1146, 1175, 1178, 1184, 1212, 1234, 1241, 1277, 1291, 1305, 1311, 1326, 1336, 1347, 1364, 1369, 1371, 1375, 1386, 1390, 1394, 1398, 1408, 1413, 1414, 1429, 1442, 1466

I/L Summarize information. SE/TE: Summarize, 168, 172, 176, 181, 183, 186, 189, 194, 196, 282, 283, 289, 291, 1366, 1370, 1376

I/L Synthesize information. SE/TE: Critical Reading: Synthesize, 25, 29, 64, 375, 616, 643, 764, 889

I/L Paraphrase information. SE/TE: Paraphrasing, 42, 45, 48, 51, 52, 53, 58, 61, 65, 309, 668, 670, 880, 883, 887, 888, 893







Content Standard 4.0 Students read expository and persuasive texts to comprehend, interpret, and evaluate for specific purposes.

All indicators are based on expository text. All indicators are based on grade-appropriate text and skills. All indicators are used to aid comprehension.


4.12.1 E/I/S Evaluate information from

• illustrations

• graphs

• charts

• titles

• text boxes

• diagrams

• headings

• maps

SE/TE: For related activities see: Informational Texts: Map, 3, 16, 237, 576, 601, 816, 906; Photographs, 73, 74, 438, 571, 573, 814, 815, 1287, 1289, 1292–1293, 1455; Illustration, 437; Painting, 574, 905; Graph, 812; Chart, 600, 813; Schedule, 602; Diagram, 1456

I/L Evaluate information from

• table of contents

• glossaries

• indices

SE/TE: For related activities see: Vocabulary Workshop: Dictionaries and other resources, 224; Informational Texts: evaluate information from text features, 598–603, evaluate information from charts, graphs, illustrations, 810–817, predict content and purpose, 1022–1027; Glossary, R1–R6; Spanish Glossary, R7–R13

I/S Identify and explain the use of

• bold-faced words

• underlined words

• highlighted words

• italicized words

SE/TE: Informational Texts: text features, analyzing and evaluating, 198–213, evaluate information from text features, 598–603, evaluate information from charts, graphs, illustrations, 810–817, predict content and purpose, 1022–1027

I/L Identify and explain the use of

• abbreviations

• acronyms

• parenthetical expressions

SE/TE: Parentheses, R64

4.12.2 I/L Analyze the use of

• dialect

• slang

• idioms

• informal and formal language

SE/TE: Vocabulary Workshop: Idioms, 1110; also see: The Changing English Language: Beginnings of English, 7, A Man of Fire-New Words, 241, No Harmless Drudge, He, 469, The Romantic Age, 723, Euphemisms: the Fig Leaves of Language, 949, Britspeak, A to Zed, 1129

E/I/S Analyze the use of


• analogies

SE/TE: Analogy, 1444, 1453






I/S Explain words and phrases that reveal an author’s tone.

SE/TE: Persuasive techniques, 222, 910, 929, 1062; Rhetorical questions, 223, 451; Informational Texts: evaluate author’s purpose and perspective, 436–441, rhetorical devices, analyze, 896–909, determine essential message, analyze rhetorical devices, 1284–1295

I/L Explain how language clarifies ideas and concepts.

SE/TE: Clarity of meaning, analyze, 82, 85, 86, 89; Informational Texts: summarizing, restating main ideas, 282–291, evaluate author’s purpose and perspective, 436–441, rhetorical devices, analyze, 896–909, determine essential message, analyze rhetorical devices, 1284–1295

I/S Explain how language is used for the purpose of

• persuasion

• propaganda

SE/TE: Persuasive techniques, 222, 910, 929, 1062; Rhetorical questions, 223, 451; Informational Texts: evaluate author’s purpose and perspective, 436–441, rhetorical devices, analyze, 896–909, determine essential message, analyze rhetorical devices, 1284–1295

I/L Describe how an author uses concrete examples to explain abstract ideas.

SE/TE: Author's arguments, outline, 1462, 1464, 1467; also see: Clarity of meaning, analyze, 82, 85, 86, 89; Informational Texts: summarizing, restating main ideas, 282–291, evaluate author’s purpose and perspective, 436–441, rhetorical devices, analyze, 896–909, determine essential message, analyze rhetorical devices, 1284–1295

I/S Evaluate intended and unintended effects of persuasive and/or propaganda techniques in various media.

SE/TE: Communication Workshop: Political advertisement (non-print) analyze, 928–929, Entertainment Media, analyze, 1108–1109, Media coverage of same event, analyze, 1476–1477

4.12.3 I/S Analyze a theme based on evidence. SE/TE: Analyze and Evaluate Similar Themes, 1316, 1320, 1323, 1325, 1326, 1330, 1331, 1337

I/L Compare themes generated by a single topic. SE/TE: Analyze and Evaluate Similar Themes, 1316, 1320, 1323, 1325, 1326, 1330, 1331, 1337

I/S Evaluate the impact of sequential and/or chronological order.

SE/TE: For related activities see: Informational Texts: transit map and schedule, annual report, 598–603, technical documents: technical article, press release, 1454–1459; also sees: Snapshot of the period, 2–3, 236–237, 464–465, 716–717, 942–943, 1122–1123; Time line (Historical and Literary Background), 4–13, 238–247, 466–475, 718–727, 944–953, 1124–1133

I/S Evaluate a cause and its effect on events and/or relationships

SE/TE: Informational Texts: analyze cause-and-effect relationships, 1454–1459

I/S Evaluate a problem and its solution. SE/TE: Problem-and-solution essay, 1338






I/S Describe a main idea based on evidence. SE/TE: Author's arguments, outline, 1462, 1464, 1467; also see: Clarity of meaning, analyze, 82, 85, 86, 89; Informational Texts: summarizing, restating main ideas, 282–291, evaluate author’s purpose and perspective, 436–441, rhetorical devices, analyze, 896–909, determine essential message, analyze rhetorical devices, 1284–1295

I/L Compare events. SE/TE: For related activities see: Informational Texts: speech, eyewitness account, 282–290, diary, policy statement, 568–581, parliamentary debate, letters, 896–909, speech, government memorandum, 1284–1295; Communication Workshop: Media coverage of same event, analyze, 1476–1477

I/L Evaluate the author’s use of organizational structure.

SE/TE: Applying an Expository Critique, 1444, 1447, 1448, 1453; also see: Informational Texts: rhetorical devices, analyze, 896–909, determine essential message, analyze rhetorical devices, 1284–1295, analyze cause-and-effect relationships, 1454–1459

I/S Evaluate the development of an author’s argument, viewpoint, and/or perspective.

SE/TE: Author's arguments, outline, 1462, 1464, 1467; also see: Clarity of meaning, analyze, 82, 85, 86, 89; Informational Texts: summarizing, restating main ideas, 282–291, evaluate author’s purpose and perspective, 436–441, rhetorical devices, analyze, 896–909, determine essential message, analyze rhetorical devices, 1284–1295

4.12.4 I/L Make inferences about an author’s culture and historical viewpoints.

SE/TE: Author's purpose (essays and social commentary), 628, 635, 638, 644, 646, 656, 662, 910, 913, 919, 997; Author's philosophical assumptions, analyze, 680, 685; also see: Historical writing, 82, 85, 88, 89; Relate to historical period, 558, 566, 1043, 1154, 1156, 1158, 1167; Cultural conflict, 1316, 1319, 1330, 1337; Knowledge of history, apply, 1340, 1343, 1346, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1355, 1356

I/L Evaluate the influence of historical events and culture.

SE/TE: Historical writing, 82, 85, 88, 89; Relate to historical period, 558, 566, 1043, 1154, 1156, 1158, 1167; Cultural conflict, 1316, 1319, 1330, 1337; Knowledge of history, apply, 1340, 1343, 1346, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1355, 1356; also see: Essential Questions of the Literary Period, 14, 248, 476, 728, 954, 1134; Literary History, 90–91, 155–156, 310–311, 516–517, 540–541, 796–797, 992–993, 1010–1011, 1152–1153, 1160–1161, 1208–1209, 1432–1433, 1460–1461






I/L Evaluate the influence of historical events and culture on author’s works.

SE/TE: Author's purpose (essays and social commentary), 628, 635, 638, 644, 646, 656, 662, 910, 913, 919, 997; Author's philosophical assumptions, analyze, 680, 685; also see: Historical writing, 82, 85, 88, 89; Relate to historical period, 558, 566, 1043, 1154, 1156, 1158, 1167; Cultural conflict, 1316, 1319, 1330, 1337; Knowledge of history, apply, 1340, 1343, 1346, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1355, 1356

4.12.5 I/L Make connections to self, other text, and/or the world.

SE/TE: Comparing Literary Works: Primary sources, 212, 290, 580, 908, 1069, Persuasive techniques, 296, 305, 919, Writing about daily life, 732, 744, Social commentary/criticism, 753, 1011; Relate to historical period, 558, 566, 1043, 1154, 1156, 1158, 1167; Historical period: connect to, 1040, 1050; Knowledge of history, apply, 1340, 1343, 1346, 1350, 1351, 1352, 1355, 1356; also see: Contemporary Connection: King Arthur: Legendary Hero, Broadway Star!, 13, William Shakespeare: To Be or Not to Be...A Rocker!, 247, John Milton: Epic Poet or Computer Visionary?, 475, Jane Austen, Movie Star, 727, The Brontës: Fantasy Forerunners, 953, George Orwell: More Relevant Than Ever!, 1133

I/S Use information to answer specific questions. Test Practice: Informational Texts, 213, 291, 441, 581, 603, 713, 1027, 1070, 1295; for related activities, also see: Critical Reading, 29, 37, 64, 80, 119, 150, 165, 183, 204, 208, 210, 260, 269, 276, 287, 301, 339, 355, 375, 396, 415, 428, 434, 483, 490, 500, 508, 510, 513, 550, 556, 616, 625, 643, 653, 675, 739, 791, 808, 849, 863, 869, 872, 876, 889, 907, 968, 973, 984, 1004, 1020, 1037, 1047, 1049, 1059, 1076, 1090, 1143, 1146, 1175, 1178, 1184, 1212, 1234, 1241, 1277, 1291, 1305, 1311, 1326, 1336, 1347, 1364, 1369, 1371, 1375, 1386, 1390, 1394, 1398, 1408, 1413, 1414, 1429, 1442, 1466

I/L Evaluate hypotheses based on information. SE/TE: For related activities see: Comprehension, repair by questioning, 95, 98, 106, 108, 112, 115, 120, 588, 592, 596, 852, 856, 864, 1191, 1193, 1203, 1204

I/L Summarize information. SE/TE: Informational Texts: summarizing, restating main ideas, 282–291

I/L Synthesize information. SE/TE: For related activities see: Critical Reading: Synthesize, 25, 29, 64, 375, 616, 643, 764, 889

I/L Paraphrase information. SE/TE: For related activities see: Informational Texts: summarizing, restating main ideas, 282–291






I/L Synthesize information from two or more texts.

SE/TE: For related activities see: Critical Reading: Synthesize, 25, 29, 64, 375, 616, 643, 764, 889

4.12.6 I/S Make and revise predictions based on evidence.

SE/TE: For related activities see: Informational Texts: analyze cause-and-effect relationships, 1454–1459

I/S Make inferences and draw conclusions based on evidence.

SE/TE: For related activities see: Informational Texts: evaluate validity and reliability of a research source, 70–75, verify and clarify facts, 568–581

I/L Analyze the accuracy of facts. SE/TE: Informational Texts: evaluate validity and reliability of a research source, 70–75, verify and clarify facts, 568–581

I/S Evaluate author’s use of facts and/or opinions.

SE/TE: Informational Texts: evaluate validity and reliability of a research source, 70–75, verify and clarify facts, 568–581

I/L Evaluate reasonableness and adequacy of evidence.

SE/TE: Author's arguments, outline, 1462, 1464, 1467; also see: Informational Texts: summarizing, restating main ideas, 282–291, evaluate author’s purpose and perspective, 436–441, rhetorical devices, analyze, 896–909, determine essential message, analyze rhetorical devices, 1284–1295

I/L Evaluate information from one source by referencing other sources.

SE/TE: Sources, list/evaluate, 879; Sources, evaluate for reliability, 1008; also see: Informational Texts: evaluate validity and reliability of a research source, 70–75, verify and clarify facts, 568–581, rhetorical devices, analyze, 896–909, newspaper articles, advertisements, comparing, 1062–1070, determine essential message, analyze rhetorical devices, 1284–1295

I/S Predict events and/or relationships if sequence is altered.


I/S Predict events and/or relationships if chronological order is altered.


4.12.7 I/L Read and follow directions to complete tasks or procedures.

SE/TE: For related activities see: Informational Texts: technical documents: technical article, press release, 1454–1459

I/L Evaluate directions to complete tasks or procedures for

• clarity

• format

• technical vocabulary

• text features

SE/TE: For related activities see: Informational Texts: technical documents: technical article, press release, 1454–1459







Content Standard 5.0 Students write a variety of texts using the writing process.

All indicators are based on grade-appropriate text and skills.


5.12.1 I/L Use prewriting strategies to plan written work.

SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Prewriting, 215, 443, 695, 921, 1097, 1469; Writing Lesson: Prewriting, 66, 121, 136, 153, 197, 226, 262, 271, 280, 306, 341, 359, 377, 398, 418, 454, 492, 502, 538, 597, 627, 645, 663, 706, 706, 745, 754, 766, 794, 851, 865, 879, 894, 932, 975, 988, 1008, 1051, 1084, 1095, 1112, 1150, 1168, 1186, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1279, 1307, 1357, 1431

I/L Choose and narrow a topic to organize ideas. SE/TE: Topic, choose/narrow, 121, 215, 306, 443, 645, 695, 921, 932, 1097, 1112, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1357, 1469, R27

I/L Explore a topic to plan written work. SE/TE: Topic, choose/narrow, 121, 215, 306, 443, 645, 695, 921, 932, 1097, 1112, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1357, 1469, R27

5.12.2 E/I/S Draft multiple paragraph papers about a single topic that address

• audience

• purpose

• supporting details

• introduction

• conclusion

• transitions

SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Drafting, 216, 444, 696, 922, 1098, 1470; Writing Lesson: Drafting, 66, 121, 136, 153, 197, 226, 262, 271, 280, 306, 341, 359, 377, 398, 418, 454, 492, 502, 538, 597, 627, 645, 663, 706, 706, 745, 754, 766, 794, 851, 865, 879, 894, 932, 975, 988, 1008, 1051, 1084, 1095, 1112, 1150, 1168, 1186, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1279, 1307, 1357, 1431

5.12.3 E/I/S Revise drafts for

• voice

• organization

• focused ideas

• audience

• purpose

• relevant details

• word choice

• sentence fluency

SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Revising, 218, 446, 698, 924, 1100, 1472; Writing Lesson: Revising, 66, 121, 136, 153, 197, 262, 271, 280, 306, 341, 377, 398, 418, 492, 502, 538, 597, 627, 645, 663, 745, 754, 766, 794, 851, 865, 879, 879, 894, 975, 988, 1008, 1051, 1084, 1095, 1186, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1307, 1431

5.12.4 E/I/S Edit essays and compositions to ensure correct spelling of

• high frequency words

• content words

SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Editing and Proofreading, 221, 449, 701, 927, 1475

E/I/S Edit for correct capitalization. SE/TE: Editing/proofreading: Capitalization, 927, 1107; Handbook, R63

E/I/S Edit for correct use of internal and external punctuation.

SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Editing and Proofreading, 221, 701, 927, 1107, 1475; also see: Punctuation Tip, 67; Writer’s Toolbox: Punctuation, 1473; Handbook, R63–R64






5.12.5 E/I/S Edit for correct use of

• nouns

• verbs

• pronouns

• adjectives

• subject/verb agreement

• verb tenses

• adverbs

• clauses

• phrases

• pronoun/antecedent agreement

• pronoun case

SE/TE: Editing / proofreading, 221, 449, 701, 927, 1107, 1475; also see: Grammar, Usage and Mechanics, 67, 154, 263, 419, 493, 503, 539, 755, 767, 795, 1009, 1085, 1151, 1169, 1207, 1339; Grammar, Usage and Mechanics Handbook, R58–R65

5.12.6 E/I/S Edit sentences for

• complete sentences

• combining sentences

• compound sentences

• complex sentences

• compound-complex sentences

SE/TE: Test-Taking Practice: Writing, Identifying Sentence Errors, 460; Improving Sentences, 938; Writer's Toolbox: Sentence fluency, 1099, 1473; Sentence order, normal/inverted, 1339

E/I/S Edit sentences for the elimination of

• fragments

• run-ons

SE/TE: Identifying Sentence Errors, 460; Sentences, R60–R61

5.12.7 E/I/S Prepare a legible final draft to display or share.

SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Publishing and Presenting, 221, 449, 701, 927, 1107, 1475

I/L Select a publishing format appropriate to the audience and purpose.

SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Publishing and Presenting, 221, 449, 701, 927, 1107, 1475; Writing Lesson: Business memo, 89, Blog, 121, Memo, 557, 1315, Multimedia presentation plan, 627, Letter to the editor, 685, E-mail, 919, Letter of recommendation, 1095, Magazine advertisement, 1443


Content Standard 6.0 Students write a variety of texts that inform, persuade, describe, evaluate, entertain, or tell a story and are appropriate to audience and purpose.

All indicators are based on grade-appropriate text and skills.


6.12.1 E/I/S Write essays and compositions which include

• a topic sentence

• supporting details

• a concluding statement

• a beginning, middle, and end

• a thesis statement

• transitions

SE/TE: Writing Workshop, 214–221, 442–449, 694–701, 920–927, 1096–1107, 1468–1475; Writing Lesson, 66, 121, 136, 153, 197, 262, 271, 280, 306, 341, 377, 398, 418, 492, 502, 538, 597, 627, 645, 663, 745, 754, 766, 794, 851, 865, 879, 879, 894, 975, 988, 1008, 1051, 1084, 1095, 1186, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1307, 1431






E/I/S Write essays and compositions that use various organizational structures and stylistic devices.

SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Autobiographical narrative, 214–221, Persuasive essay, 442–449, Reflective essay, 694–701, Multimedia presentation, 920–927, Research: historical investigation, 1096–1107, Narration: short story, 1468–1475 Writing Lesson, 66, 121, 136, 153, 197, 262, 271, 280, 306, 341, 377, 398, 418, 492, 502, 538, 597, 627, 645, 663, 745, 754, 766, 794, 851, 865, 879, 879, 894, 975, 988, 1008, 1051, 1084, 1095, 1186, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1307, 1431

6.12.2 E/I/S Write multiple-paragraph papers about experiences and/or events appropriate to audience and purpose that include

• logical sequence

• characters

• setting

• plot

• dialogue


• sensory details


6.12.3 I/L Write poetry. SE/TE: Poem, 1186

6.12.4 I/L Write literary analyses. SE/TE: Response to Literature, 153, 166, 280, 359, 418, 435, 454, 502, 538, 794, 809, 851, 894, 932, 1051, 1084, 1150, 1168, 1206, 1243, 1270, 1279, 1307; Essay, 359; Literary Analysis, 398; Annotated Bibliography, 1008

I/L Summarize information. SE/TE: Position, summarize, 418; Summarize, 502; Timed writing: Evaluation of real-life reading, 75, 1459, Essential Question response, 213, 291, 581, 909, 1070, 1295, Essay, 441, 603, 713, 1027

6.12.5 I/L Write analyses of expository text that addresses effectiveness of the writing technique.

SE/TE: Timed writing: Evaluation of real-life reading, 75, 1459, Critical essay, 581; Report/recommendation, 817, 988, 1038, Essay, 441, 603, 713, 1027

6.12.6 E/I/S Write persuasive essays and compositions that include

• a thesis statement

• supporting evidence

• relevant evidence

• cause/effect structure

• problem/solution structure

• rhetorical strategies

SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Persuasive Essay, 442–449; Historical Investigation, 1096–1107; Writing Activities: Editorial, 32, 663; Persuasive Sermon, 136; Public Service Announcement, 514; Persuasive Speech, 745; Response to Literature, 1051; Position Statements, 233, 461, 939, 1487






E/I/S Write persuasive essays and compositions appropriate to audience and purpose.

SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Persuasive Essay, 442–449; Historical Investigation, 1096–1107; Writing Activities: Editorial, 32, 663; Persuasive Sermon, 136; Public Service Announcement, 514; Persuasive Speech, 745; Response to Literature, 1051; Position Statements, 233, 461, 939, 1487

6.12.7 I/L Write a variety of communications in appropriate formats.


6.12.8 I/L Write directions to complete tasks or procedures with attention to

• clarity

• format


• text features

SE/TE: Directions for reciting a poem, 676; Manual for writing sonnets, 262

6.12.9 I/L Write research papers by

• choosing and narrowing a research topic

• locating, collecting, and analyzing information from primary and secondary sources

• recording information

• paraphrasing and summarizing information

• organizing collected information

• documenting and citing sources in a consistent format

SE/TE: Writing Workshop: Historical Investigation, 1096–1107; Writing Lesson: Biographical Narrative, 492, Develop a Research Plan, 879, Annotated Bibliography, 1008; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–R23

I/L Demonstrate an understanding of the difference between original works and plagiarized works.

SE/TE: Providing Appropriate Citations, 1102–1103; Works-Cited List, 1107; Cite Supporting Details, 1279, 1431; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–R23; also see: Annotated Bibliography, 879, 1008, 1461

I/L Evaluate credibility of resources. SE/TE: Evaluate sources for reliability, 1008; Providing Appropriate Citations, 1102–1103; Works-Cited List, 1107; Cite Supporting Details, 1279, 1431; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–R23







Content Standard 7.0 Students listen to and evaluate oral communications for content, style, speaker’s purpose, and audience appropriateness.

All indicators are based on grade-appropriate skills. All indicators are used to aid comprehension.


7.12.1 I/L Listen for a variety of purposes including

• gaining information

• being entertained

• understanding directions

SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Evaluate Persuasive Speech, 222–223; Analyze a Non-Print Political Advertisement, 928–929; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477; Discussion, 14, 16, 91, 248, 250, 311, 476, 517, 728, 954, 993, 1134, 1153, 1162, 1433, R48; Interview, 707; Debate, 476; Press Conference, 728

I/L Listen for and identify

• main idea

• mood

• purpose

• messages

• tone

• persuasive techniques

SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Evaluate Persuasive Speech, 222–223; Analyze a Non-Print Political Advertisement, 928–929; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477; Discussion, 14, 16, 91, 248, 250, 311, 476, 517, 728, 954, 993, 1134, 1153, 1162, 1433, R48; Debate, 476

I/L Listen for and distinguish fact from opinion. SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Evaluate Persuasive Speech, 222–223; Analyze a Non-Print Political Advertisement, 928–929; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477

I/L Listen for and summarize ideas and supporting details.

SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Evaluate Persuasive Speech, 222–223; Analyze a Non-Print Political Advertisement, 928–929; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477

I/L Listen for and evaluate the effect of the speaker’s attitude on audience.


7.12.2 I/L Listen to and evaluate oral communications for

• content

• delivery

• point of view

• ideas

• purpose

• value

SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Evaluate Persuasive Speech, 222–223; Analyze a Non-Print Political Advertisement, 928–929; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477; Discussion, 14, 16, 91, 248, 250, 311, 476, 517, 728, 954, 993, 1134, 1153, 1162, 1433, R48; Debate, 476; Press Conference, 728






I/L Listen for and evaluate the use of public speaking techniques. I/L Listen to and evaluate the logic of a speaker’s argument(s).


I/L Listen to and provide constructive feedback on oral communications.


7.12.3 I/L Expand vocabulary through listening. SE/TE: Analyze a Non-Print Political Advertisement, 928–929; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477; Interview, 707

7.12.4 I/L Listen for and identify dialect and slang.

SE/TE: Poetry slam, 933; Presentation in dialogue, 1113; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477; Interview, 707

I/L Listen for and identify the use of formal and informal language.

SE/TE: Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477; Interview, 707; Poetry slam, 933; Presentation in dialogue, 1113

I/L Listen for and distinguish between social and academic language.

SE/TE: Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477; Interview, 707; Poetry slam, 933

7.12.5 I/L Actively listen to oral communications.

SE/TE: Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477; Interview, 707; Presentation in dialogue, 1113

I/L Listen to and participate in conversations. SE/TE: Discussion, 14, 16, 91, 248, 250, 311, 476, 517, 728, 954, 993, 1134, 1153, 1162, 1433, R48; Interview, 707

I/L Listen to and evaluate constructive feedback. SE/TE: Evaluate Persuasive Speech, 222–223; Analyze a Non-Print Political Advertisement, 928–929; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477

I/L Provide constructive feedback. SE/TE: Evaluate Persuasive Speech, 222–223; Analyze a Non-Print Political Advertisement, 928–929; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1108–1109; Compare Media Coverage of Same Event, 1476–1477

I/L Focus attention on a speaker to solve problems by identifying, synthesizing, and evaluating data.

SE/TE: Discussion, 14, 16, 91, 248, 250, 311, 476, 517, 728, 954, 993, 1134, 1153, 1162, 1433, R48







Content Standard 8.0 Students speak using organization, style, tone, voice, and media aids appropriate to audience and purpose. Students participate in discussions to offer information, clarify ideas, and support a position.

All indicators are based on grade-appropriate skills.


8.12.1 I/L Give directions to complete tasks or procedures with a focus on

• clarity


SE/TE: For related information see: Documentary, 1481; Press conference, 728; Directions for reciting a poem, 676

I/L Ask questions to clarify directions. SE/TE: For related information see: Documentary, 1481; Press conference, 728; Directions for reciting a poem, 676

8.12.2 I/L Use precise language to describe and elicit

• feelings

• experiences

• observations

• ideas

SE/TE: Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 450–451; Oral interpretation of Literary Work, 702–703; Poetry slam, 933; Debate, 476; Award speech, 1481

I/L Apply Standard English to communicate ideas.

SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 450–451; Oral interpretation of Literary Work, 702–703; Listening and Speaking: Debate, 476; Award speech, 1481; Interview, 707; Panel discussion, 227; Presentation, 1136

8.12.3 I/L Use public speaking techniques to deliver presentations with appropriate

• prosody

• volume

• eye contact

• enunciation

• posture

• expressions

• audience

• purpose

SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 450–451; Deliver an Oral interpretation of Literary Work, 702–703; Writing Workshop: Publishing and Presenting, 701, 1475; Writing Activities: Persuasive Speech, 745; Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 14, 16, 91, 248, 250, 311, 476, 517, 728, 993, 954, 1134, 1153, 1162, 1433; Debate, 476; Press Conference, 728; Oral Presentation, 1136

I/L Communicate information by

• maintaining a clear focus

• following a logical sequence

• illustrating information with media aids

SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 450–451; Deliver an Oral interpretation of Literary Work, 702–703; Writing Workshop: Publishing and Presenting, 701, 1475; Writing Activities: Persuasive Speech, 745; Listening and Speaking: Discussion, 14, 16, 91, 248, 250, 311, 476, 517, 728, 993, 954, 1134, 1153, 1162, 1433; Debate, 476; Press Conference, 728; Oral Presentation, 1136






I/L Communicate statements that express an opinion.

SE/TE: Communications Workshop: Delivering a Persuasive Speech, 594; Debate, 281, 1117; Persuasive Speech, 537, 1015

I/L Defend a position applying logic and citing evidence.

SE/TE: Debate, 476; Research report, 1113; Group research report, oral, 707; Multimedia report/presentation, 227, 954

8.12.4 I/L Participate in conversations to solve problems by identifying, synthesizing, and evaluating data.

SE/TE: Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 450–451; Book talk, 1134; Debate, 476; Panel discussion, 227

I/L Respond to questions with specific evidence in support of an opinion.

SE/TE: Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 450–451; Book talk, 1134; Debate, 476; Panel discussion, 227; Discussion, 14, 16, 91, 248, 250, 311, 476, 517, 728, 954, 993, 1134, 1153, 1162, 1433, R48

I/L Ask relevant questions to generate possible solutions to a problem.


I/L Take a leadership role in conversations and discussions.


I/L Distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information.

SE/TE: Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 450–451; Book talk, 1134; Debate, 476; Panel discussion, 227;

I/L Negotiate to arrive at consensus by proposing and examining possible options.


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