Preliminary selection of NPS from Preliminary selection of NPS from

EMCDDA/NFP reportsEMCDDA/NFP reportsEMCDDA/NFP reportsEMCDDA/NFP reports

MilanMilan, 29th , 29th FebruaryFebruary 20162016

Emma Gracia LorEmma Gracia Lor

Synthetic cannabinoids

Synthetic cathinones

Phenethylamines

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

http://www.en.allertadroga.it/nsp.htm

Phenethylamines

Ketamine and analogs

Piperazines

Tryptamines

Azepane-like molecules

Fentanyl

Synthetic opioids

Phencyclidine analogues

Date-Rape Drugs

Structural Groups

First database: November 2013

222 compounds

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

First database: November 2013

222 compounds

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

Reports of new molecules sent by the

Updated information provided by:

Based on:

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

EMCDDA to the Italian Focal Point

Notifications from laboratories, emergency rooms,

forensic toxicology labs, law enforcement, poison

control centers, etc. in Italy

February 2016February 2016: database ~ : database ~ 350 NPS350 NPS

Compound Place Date

MDPV Orvieto (Terni) January 2014

MDPV Brescia November 2013

3-MMC Busto Arsizio December 2013/January 2014

MDPV Busto Arsizio December 2013/January 2014

MDPV Merano (BZ) January 2014

Bufedrone Venezia/ Treviso November 2013

4-MEC Venezia/ Treviso June 2013

Butylone (bk-MBDB) Venezia/ Treviso June 2013

3-MMC Venezia/ Treviso June 2013

Methylone (80%)+bk-MDDMA (20%) Cargo area Milan airport July 2013

3-MMC Cargo area Milan airport July 2013

4-MEC Cargo area Milan airport July 2013

Seizure data of synthetic cathinones in Italy

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN ITALY

4-MEC Cargo area Milan airport July 2013

MDPV Cargo area Milan airport July 2013

4-MEC Cargo area Milan airport July 2013

3-MMC Cargo area Milan airport July 2013

Methylone (bk-MDMA) Cargo area Milan airport July 2013

Pentedrone Cargo area Milan airport July 2013

3-MMC Cargo area Milan airport July 2013

4-MEC Cargo area Milan airport July 2013

4-MEC Lombardia (MI e VA) October 2013

MDPV Lombardia (MI e VA) October 2013

3-MMC Lombardia (MI e VA) October 2013

4-FMC Lombardia (MI e VA) October 2013

αααα-PVP Lombardia (MI e VA) October 2013

4-MEC Bologna February 2014

bk-MDDMA Bologna March 2014

αααα-PVP Taglio di Po (RO) May 2013

Mephedrone Brunico (BZ) December 2013

(*) Standards in Mario Negri

Compound Place Date

4-EMC Padova province September 2013

αααα-PVT Padova province September 2013

αααα-PVP Mantova nd

Pentedrone Linate airport January - March 2014

3-MMC Linate airport January - March 2014

Pentedrone Linate airport January - March 2014

MDPV Linate airport January - March 2014

N-ethylcathinone Linate airport January - March 2014

4-MEC Linate airport January - March 2014

3-MMC Linate airport January - March 2014

Methylone (bk-MDMA) Linate airport January - March 2014

Seizure data of synthetic cathinones in Italy

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN ITALY

Methylone (bk-MDMA) Linate airport January - March 2014

α-PVP Novara March 2014

MDPV Novara March 2014

MDPV + 5-MeO-MIPT Novara March 2014

Mephedrone (4-MMC) Monterotondo (RM) June 2004

4-MEC Bergamo July 2014

αααα-PVP Bergamo July 2014

3-MMC Monopoli 2014

bk-2C-B Busto Arsizio March 2014

3-MMC Busto Arsizio January -July 2014

Methylone (bk-MDMA) Brivio (LC) October 2014

Methylone (bk-MDMA) Castiglion Fibocchi (AR) December2013

4-MEC Sale (AL) October 2014

αααα-PHP Busto Arsizio September- October 2014

Meftetramine (MTTA) Busto Arsizio October 2014

Mephedrone Prato January 2015

3-MMC Casalecchio di Reno (BO) July 2015

Compound N seizures Total quantity (grams)

3-MMC 24 655,44

4-MEC 16 206,32

MDPV 11 549,12

bk-MDMA 6 28,18

Pentedrone 5 35,91

αααα-PVP 5 19,29

Mephedrone 3 137,58

4-EMC 1 10,35

4-FMC 1 0,064

Synthetic cathinones registered in Italy and reported to the NFP from January 2014

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN ITALY

4-FMC 1 0,064

4-FMC + 4-FMA 1 1,230

bk-MDDMA 1 0,6282

Bufedrone 1 101,42

bk-MBDB 1 ND

Iso-pentedrone + Pentedrone + ethylphenidate

1 0,304

bk-MDMA + bk-MDDMA 1 ND

N-ethylcathinone 1 ND

αααα-PVT 1 6,954

bk-2C-B 1 0,35

αααα-PHP 1 13,04

(*) Standards in Mario Negri

EMCDDA Comunication 56: 16/11/2015

Compound CAS number Formula Place List Nov 2013 Additional Information

HDMP-28 219915-69-2 C18H21NO2 UK NO Analog of Methylphenidate

Isopropylphenidate 93148-46-0 C16H23NO2 UK NO Analog of Methylphenidate

1p-LSD 100001-00-1 C23H29N3O2 UK NO Analog of LSD

M-CHMIC 858515-82-9 C17H21NO2 Ireland and Spain NO Synthetic cannabinoid

Deschloroketamine 4631-27-0 C13H17NO UK NO Analog of ketamine

Modafinil sulphone 118779-53-6 C15H15NO3S Estonia NO Metabolite of Modafinil

4Br-α-PVP nd C15H20BrNO Poland NO Synthetic cathinone

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN EUROPE

DB-MDBP 931333-23-1 C12H14F2N2O2 Poland NO Piperazine

SDB-005 nd C23H22N2O2 Sweden NO Synthetic cannabinoid

5F-ADB-PINACA nd C19H27FN4O2 Sweden NO Synthetic cannabinoid

EMCDDA Comunication 59: 23/12/2015

Compound CAS number Formula Place List Nov 2013 Additional Information

5F-AB-FUPPYCA 832123-21-1 C20H26F2N4O2 France NO Synthetic cannabinoid

5F-PY-PICA nd C18H23FN2O France NO Synthetic cannabinoid

FUB-JWH-018 nd C26H18FNO France NO Synthetic cannabinoid

Nor-mephedrone 6941-17-9 C10H13NO France NO Synthetic cathinone

Despropionyl-2-fluoro fentanyl

nd C19H23FN2 France and Germany

NO Synthetic opioid

Number of NPS reported for the first time in 2015 by

substance-group

Number of NPS reported, by substance

group, 2014

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE WORLD

Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

17 17 syntheticsynthetic cathinonescathinones

Methcathinone

N,N-dimethylcathinone

β-Ethyl-methcathinone (Pentedrone)

Ethcathinone

Methedrone

4-Fluoromethcathinone (4-FMC)

JWH-007

JWH-016

JWH-019

JWH-081

JWH-098

JWH-302

JWH-307

JWH-398

AM-694

AM-2201

19 19 syntheticsynthetic cannabinoidscannabinoids

NPS STANDARDS - MARIO NEGRI

3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone (3,4-DMMC)

4-Methylethcathinone (4-MEC)

Buphedrone

Methylone (bk-MDMA)

Ethylone

Butylone (bk-MBDB)

Pentylone

1-Naphyrone

Naphyrone

Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)

JWH-098

JWH-122

JWH-147

JWH-203

JWH-210

JWH-251

AM-2201

AM-2233

RCS-4

RCS-8

CB-13

• Structural analogs of cathinone (a psychoactive molecule present in

the Khat plant)

• Generally marketed as "bath salts" or "plant fertilizers“

17 17 syntheticsynthetic cathinonescathinones

Characteristics

SYNTHETIC CATHINONES

Swallowed, snorted/smoked or assumed by injection or rectally

• They are able to simulate the effects of cocaine

Anxiety, impaired concentration and short-term memory, irritation of the nasal mucosa, headache, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperhidrosis,

mydriasis, trismus, bruxism, hallucinations, severe agitation and aggression

Routes of administration

Effects

Amphetamine-like cathinones

Methcathinone●

NH

CH3

O

CH3N

CH3

O CH3

CH3

N-N-Dimethylcathinone

NH

CH3

O

CH3

Ethcathinone

NH

CH3

O

CH3

OCH3

Methedrone

NH

O

NH

O

CHCH3 NH

O

CH3

SYNTHETIC CATHINONES - MARIO NEGRI

NH

CH3

CH3

F

4-Fluoromethcathinone(4-FMC)

NH

O

CH3

CH3

Buphedrone

NH

CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3

3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone(3,4-DMMC)

NH

CH3

CH3

CH3

4-Methylethcathinone(4-MEC)

NH

O

CH3

CH3

Pentedrone

CH3

NHCH3

CH3

O

Mephedrone (4-MMC)●

● List of prohibited narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (DPR 309/90)

MDMA-like cathinones

NH

CH3

O

CH3O

O

Methylone (bk-MDMA)

NH

CH3

O

O

O

CH3

Ethylone

NH

O

CH3O

O CH3

Butylone

(bk-MBDB)●

NH

O

CH3O

O

CH3

Pentylone

SYNTHETIC CATHINONES - MARIO NEGRI

N-pyrrolidine cathinone derivatives

O

CH3

N

O

O

MDPV ●

O

CH3

N

1-Naphyrone

O

CH3

N

Naphyrone

● List of prohibited narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (DPR 309/90)

19 synthetic cannabinoids19 synthetic cannabinoids

• First identified in 2008 in different vegetable mixtures, called "herbal mixture" or "herbal blend", and sold as incense or air fresheners

• They are called "Spice" and sold as "not for human consumption”

SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS

Characteristics

• Similar, if not higher than, that caused by the consumption of cannabis

Their assumption, in fact, generates, after ten minutes, conjunctivitis, tachycardia, xerostomia and alteration of perception and mood, with

effects that last for about six hours

Smoked

Routes of administration

Effects

SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS

“Classic” cannabinoids

CH3

CH3

OCH3

OH

OH

CH3

CH3

H

H

HU-210

“Non Classic” cannabinoidsR1

CH3

CH3

OH

OH

HR4

R2

R3

CP-47, 497 (R2=R3=R4=H, R1= methyl)CP-47, 497 C6 (R1=R2=R3=R4=H)CP-47, 497 C8 (R2=R3=R4=H, R1=ethyl)CP-47, 497 C9 (R2=R3=R4=H, R1=propyl)

AminoalkylindonesAminoalkylindones

Naphtoylindones PhenylacetylindonesBenzoylindones

JWH-018 (R1=R3=H, R2= butyl)JWH-073 (R1=R3=H, R2= propyl)JWH-122 (R1= methyl, R3=H, R2= butyl)JWH-081 (R1=OM, R3=H, R2=butyl)

JWH-250 (R1= butyl, R2= Ome, R3= R4=H)

AM-694 (R1=R4=H, R2= I, R3= 5-fluorobutyl)RCS-4 (R1= Ome, R2=R4=H, R3= butyl=WIN 48, 098 (R1= Ome, R2= H, R3 = morpholinmethyl, R4= methyl

ON

R1

R3

R4R2

O

N R2

R3

R1

NO

R1

R4R2

R2

O

CH3

N

CH3

JWH-016 JWH-019

CH3

CH3

SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS - MARIO NEGRI

CH3

N

O

O CH3

JWH-007

O N

CH3

CH3

CH3

NO

OCH3

JWH-081

CH3

N

CH3

O

OCH3

JWH-098

CH3

N

CH3

NO

JWH-147

ON

CH3

JWH-210

JWH-251 JWH-302

CH3

N

F

O

JWH-307

N

CH3

O

Cl

JWH-398

ON

CH3

CH3

OCH3

O

N

CH3

NO

CH3

JWH-122●

Cl O

N

JWH-203

I

O

N

F

AM-694●AM-2201

I

O

NN

CH3

AM-2233

SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS - MARIO NEGRI

O

N

F

AM-694●AM-2201 AM-2233

CH3

N

O O

CH3

RCS-4

CH3OO

N

RCS-8 CB-13

O

O

CH3

● List of prohibited narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (DPR 309/90)

CH3

N

O

EMMA GRACIA LOR, EMMA GRACIA LOR, PhDPhD

Mario Negri Institute,Mario Negri Institute,Department of Environmental Health SciencesDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences

emma.gracialor@marionegri.it

Universitat Jaume IUniversitat Jaume IResearch Institute for Pesticides and Water,Research Institute for Pesticides and Water,

lor@uji.es

O CH3