PregnancyPregnancy

Who helps deliver/care for a newborn?Who helps deliver/care for a newborn?Obstetrician/gynecologists (OB/GYNs)Obstetrician/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) are doctors are doctors with at least 4 additional years of training after medical with at least 4 additional years of training after medical school in women's health and reproduction, including school in women's health and reproduction, including both surgical and medical care. They can handle both surgical and medical care. They can handle complicated pregnancies and also perform C-sectionscomplicated pregnancies and also perform C-sections

Certified nurse midwife-Certified nurse midwife- CNMs are registered nurses CNMs are registered nurses who have a graduate degree, meaning they're trained to who have a graduate degree, meaning they're trained to handle low-risk pregnancies and deliveries. Most CNMs handle low-risk pregnancies and deliveries. Most CNMs deliver babies in hospitals or birth centers, although deliver babies in hospitals or birth centers, although some do home birthssome do home births

Registered nurses (RNs)Registered nurses (RNs) attend births to take care of attend births to take care of the mother and baby the mother and baby

Where do you want to give birth? Where do you want to give birth? Questions to AskQuestions to Ask

Choosing a Hospital: Questions to AskChoosing a Hospital: Questions to AskBefore your labor pains start, get answers to the following questions.Before your labor pains start, get answers to the following questions.Is the hospital easy to get to? Is the hospital easy to get to? How is it equipped to handle emergencies? How is it equipped to handle emergencies? What level nursery is available? (Nurseries are rated I, II, or III — a level III neonatal intensive care unit What level nursery is available? (Nurseries are rated I, II, or III — a level III neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] is equipped to handle any neonatal emergency. A lower rating may require transportation to a level III [NICU] is equipped to handle any neonatal emergency. A lower rating may require transportation to a level III NICU.) NICU.) How many deliveries take place at the hospital each year? (A higher number means the hospital has more How many deliveries take place at the hospital each year? (A higher number means the hospital has more experience with various birth scenarios.) experience with various birth scenarios.) What is the nurse-to-patient ratio? (A ratio of 1:2 is considered good during low-risk labor; a 1:1 ratio is best What is the nurse-to-patient ratio? (A ratio of 1:2 is considered good during low-risk labor; a 1:1 ratio is best in complicated cases or during the pushing stage.) in complicated cases or during the pushing stage.) What are the hospital's statistics for cesarean sections, episiotomies, and mortality? (Keep in mind, though, What are the hospital's statistics for cesarean sections, episiotomies, and mortality? (Keep in mind, though, that these numbers include high-risk and complicated deliveries.) that these numbers include high-risk and complicated deliveries.) How many labor and support people may be present for the birth? How many labor and support people may be present for the birth? What procedures are followed after your baby's birth? Can you breastfeed immediately if desired? Is rooming What procedures are followed after your baby's birth? Can you breastfeed immediately if desired? Is rooming in available? in available? How long is the typical postpartum stay for vaginal deliveries? For C-sections? How long is the typical postpartum stay for vaginal deliveries? For C-sections? Can the baby and the father stay with you in your room around the clock, if you desire?Can the baby and the father stay with you in your room around the clock, if you desire?

Choosing a Birth Center: Questions to AskChoosing a Birth Center: Questions to AskIs the birth center accredited by the Commission for the Accreditation of Birth Centers? Is the birth center accredited by the Commission for the Accreditation of Birth Centers? Is the birth center easy to get to? Is the birth center easy to get to? What situations during labor would lead to a transfer to a hospital? How are transfers handled? What What situations during labor would lead to a transfer to a hospital? How are transfers handled? What emergencies are the transfer facilities able to handle? emergencies are the transfer facilities able to handle? What professionals (such as midwives, doctors, and nurses) are available on staff? On a consulting basis? What professionals (such as midwives, doctors, and nurses) are available on staff? On a consulting basis? Are they licensed? Are they licensed? What childbirth and prenatal education classes are offered? What childbirth and prenatal education classes are offered? What are the center's statistics for hospital transfers, episiotomies, and mortality? What are the center's statistics for hospital transfers, episiotomies, and mortality? What procedures are followed after your baby's birth? How long is the typical postpartum stay and how will What procedures are followed after your baby's birth? How long is the typical postpartum stay and how will your baby be examined?your baby be examined?

Draw out the diagram and explain what each one is/for

Gets oxygen and nutrients to the baby

cushions/protects,helps develop lungs/digestive system (amniotic sac)

Opening of uterus, dilates when in labor

Where fetus grows/develops. Grows 20x larger during pregnancy

Attaches to wall of uterus and supplies baby with food/oxygen

Problem pregnanciesProblem pregnancies

Birth defects ResearchBirth defects Research

Developmental/Environmental disordersDevelopmental/Environmental disorders

Prenatal testsPrenatal tests

Alpha-fetoprotein-Alpha-fetoprotein-AFP is measured in pregnant women through the analysisAFP is measured in pregnant women through the analysis

of maternal of maternal blood or or amniotic fluid, as a screening test for, as a screening test for

a subset of developmental abnormalitiesa subset of developmental abnormalities

Ultrasound-Ultrasound-a procedure that uses high-frequency sounda procedure that uses high-frequency sound

waves to view internal organs and producewaves to view internal organs and produce

images of the human body. images of the human body.

UltrasoundsUltrasounds

2D2D

3D3D

4D4D

Prenatal testsPrenatal tests

Amniocentesis-Amniocentesis-Having an Having an amniocentesisamniocentesis prenatal test during pregnancy can diagnose birth defects that may cause prenatal test during pregnancy can diagnose birth defects that may cause

health problems for your baby health problems for your baby

Down syndrome and other chromosome abnormalities

structural defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly

inherited metabolic disorder

Chorionic villi sampling- Chorionic villi sampling- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the removal of a small Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the removal of a small

piece of placenta tissue (chorionic villi) from the uterus piece of placenta tissue (chorionic villi) from the uterus

during early pregnancy to screen the baby for during early pregnancy to screen the baby for

genetic defects.genetic defects.

A healthy pregnancy: Nutrition

1sttrimester

2nd trimester

3rd trimester

Grains 7 ounces7 ounces 9 ounces9 ounces 9 ounces9 ounces

Vegetables

3 cups3 cups 3.5 cups3.5 cups 3.5 cups3.5 cups

Fruits 2 cups2 cups 2 cups2 cups 2 cups2 cups

Milk 3 cups3 cups 3 cups3 cups 3 cups3 cups

Meat and Beans

6 ounces6 ounces 6.5 ounces6.5 ounces 6.5 ounces6.5 ounces

http://www.choosemyplate.gov/pregnancy-breastfeeding.html

While you're in the hospital, if you choose or if it's While you're in the hospital, if you choose or if it's necessary for you to receive anesthesia, it will be necessary for you to receive anesthesia, it will be administered by a trained administered by a trained anesthesiologistanesthesiologist. A variety of . A variety of pain-control measures, including pain medication and pain-control measures, including pain medication and local, epidural, and general anesthesia, are available in local, epidural, and general anesthesia, are available in

the hospital settingthe hospital setting

Labor and Delivery-Labor and Delivery-Hospital -- Ninety-nine percent of all births occur in a hospital. For a homier setting, look for a hospital with birthing rooms. These specially equipped facilities feel more like a bedroom than a traditional delivery room, and you can stay in them from labor through recovery. Birthing Center -- Certified nurse-midwives usually provide the bulk of care at a free-standing birthing center (also known as a maternity center). These facilities tend to emphasize low-tech approaches to childbirth and are best for low-risk pregnancies. If complications arise, you may have to be transported to a hospital (each center has a relationship with a specific hospital). for a different level of care or emergency care -- if you want an epidural, for example, or if the labor is not progressing properly. Home -- A very small but growing number of couples opt to give birth at home, assisted by a qualified physician or certified nurse-midwife. This is a safe option only for women in excellent health who have had low-risk pregnancies, and optimally, who have already been through at least one complication-free childbirth. Back-up plans should be in place in case a transfer to a hospital is needed.

Stages of laborStages of labor

11stst stage stage

22ndnd stage stage

33rdrd stage stage

Apgar testApgar test

Pregnancy developmentPregnancy developmentMonth 1 Month 1

Missed periodMissed period22

Breast begin to swellBreast begin to swellPressure on bladderPressure on bladderPossible nauseaPossible nausea

33Breasts become firmer and fullerBreasts become firmer and fullerNausea ,fatigue ,frequent urinationNausea ,fatigue ,frequent urinationAbdomen becomes slightly largerAbdomen becomes slightly largerUterus is about the size of an orangeUterus is about the size of an orange2-4 lbs of weight gain2-4 lbs of weight gain

44Abdomen growing slowlyAbdomen growing slowlyMost discomforts of early pregnancy Most discomforts of early pregnancy are goneare goneAppetite increasesAppetite increases

55Enlarged abdomen becomes apparentEnlarged abdomen becomes apparentSlight fetal movements feltSlight fetal movements feltIncreased size might affect postureIncreased size might affect posture

66

Fetal movements –strong Fetal movements –strong kicks ,thumps ,and bumpskicks ,thumps ,and bumps10-12 lbs of weight gain10-12 lbs of weight gain

77Increased size may affect postureIncreased size may affect posture

88Discomfort- backache ,leg Discomfort- backache ,leg cramps ,shortness of breathcramps ,shortness of breathFetal kicks may disturb mothers restFetal kicks may disturb mothers rest18-20 lbs of weight gain18-20 lbs of weight gain

99Lightening is felt as the fetus drops Lightening is felt as the fetus drops into the pelvis –breathing becomes into the pelvis –breathing becomes easiereasier25-35 lbs weight gain25-35 lbs weight gainFalse labor pains may be experiencedFalse labor pains may be experienced

Where I startedWhere I started