PrefixesPlaced at the BEGINNING of a word to change its meaning.

Prefix* ExamplesAnti-

MeaningAgainst Antifreeze, antibiotic

De- Separation or Negation Deactivate, dehumidifier, decodeDis- Disappear, dislike, discourageNegation or Reversal

In-, Im-, Il- Ir- Negative Irregular, illiterate, inexpensive, impossible

Non- Does not Nonbeliever, nonexistent

Un- Not Unfair, uncool, unforgettable

En-, em- To cause Encode, encourage, embedFore- Before Foreground, forecast, forehead

Pre- Before Prefix, preface, predict, preheat

Mis- Wrong Misuse, mistake, misleads

Re- Again Reappear, refreeze, remakeSemi- Half Semi-trailer, semicircle

In-, im- In Involve, inpatient, inject

Inter- Between or Among Interact, intercept, interfaith

Trans- Transportation, transfer, transformAcross, through, beyond

Sub- Under, below Submarine, submerge, subfloorSuper- Above, over Superhero, supervisor

Over- Outer, upper Overboard, overhead, overcoat

Under- Too little, below

Midnight, midline, midfieldMid- Near the middle point

Underage, underestimate, underachieve

Overconfident, overheat, overcookToo much

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Changes a verb to a noun

SuffixesPlaced at the END of a word to change its meaning.

Often changes the PART of speech.

Suffix* Examples

-able, -ible

MeaningAble to

Inline withGiving to

Breakable, movableFashionable, seasonablePleasurable

Part of Speech

Makes an Adjective

-al, -ialChanges a noun to an

adjectiveChanges a verb to a noun

Commercial, comical, torrential, colonialProposal, denial

Of or relating to

-ed Added to verbs Jumped, proposed, acted, strengthened Past tense

-er, -or One who Actor, painter, surveyor, conductor Changes a verb to a noun-er More (comparative) Funnier, kinder, messier, friendlierAdded to adjectives

-est Most (superlative) Funniest, kindest, messiest, friendliestAdded to adjectives

-ful Full of Careful, harmful, joyfulMakes an adjective

-ic Of or relating to Basic, electronic, fantasticMakes an adjective

-ing Present tenseJumping, proposing, acting, strengtheningNoun: good thinkingAdjective: running water

Added to verbsSometimes changes them

to nouns or adjectives

-ion, -tion Action, procession, communication, initiation

The action or result ofMakes a noun

-ity, -ty Abnormality, elasticity, abilityState or quality of being

Makes a noun

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Changes a verb to a noun

Suffixes – cont.Suffix Examples

-ive

MeaningRelating or

belonging to Active, attractive, massive

Part of SpeechMakes an Adjective

-lessSlowly, friendly, quietly, franticallyTo do something

-ment Changes verbs to nouns Embarrassment, investment, requirementThe action orresult of

-ness State or quality of being

Happiness, sadness, darkness, messinessMakes a noun

-ous Has a lot of Joyous, poisonous, courageousChanges nouns to adjective

-s, -es Plural Houses, words, anthems, dresses, Added to nouns

-y Being or having Messy, honesty, creamy, tasty, runnyMakes an adjective

Makes an Adjective Without Helpless, penniless, worthless

-ly Often makes an adverb

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*These are the 20 most used prefixes andsuffixes in English. They account for 97% ofall prefixed words and 99% of all suffixedwords. (Fisher and Frey, 2008)

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