prednáška ceqls: robert p. murphy: peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

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MONEY & BANKING: State vs. Market Robert P. Murphy CEQLS Lecture September, 2011

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KI s podporou Penta Investments a Nadácie Tatra banky v spolupráci s ďalšími partnermi organizoval dňa 26. septembra 2011 v Bratislave a dňa 27. septembra 2011 v Banskej Bystrici ďalšiu z cyklu prednášok CEQLS. Tentoraz bol našim hosťom ekonóm Robert P. Murphy, ktorý spolupracuje s Ludwig von Mises Institute (USA). Viac informácií nájdete na www.konzervativizmus.sk.

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Page 1: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

MONEY & BANKING:State vs. Market

Robert P. MurphyCEQLS LectureSeptember, 2011

Page 2: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

MONEY & BANKINGII.Intro to “Austrian” Economics

IV.Market Origin of Money

A. Not “invented”

B. Carl Menger’s theory

III. The Value of Money

A. Pitfalls

B. Ludwig von Mises’ Solution

IV. Banking

A. Two Functions

B. Goldsmiths and FRB

C. Market Constraints on FRB

V. Government Interventions

A. Central Banking

B. Fiat Money

VI. Consequences

A. Hyperinflation

B. Business Cycle

Page 3: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

I. “Austrian” Economics

Carl Menger(1840-1921)

Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk

(1851-1914)Ludwig

von Mises(1881-1973)

Friedrich von Hayek

(1899-1992)

Page 4: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

II. Origin of Money

Page 5: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

A. Money Not “Invented”

Page 6: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

B. Carl Menger’s Theory

Page 7: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

III. The Value of Money

Page 8: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

A. Difficulties

Even though Menger, Jevons, and Walras had developed modern subjective value theory in the early 1870s to explain RELATIVE prices, economists still used an entirely different approach—a “macro” framework based on MV=PT—to explain ABSOLUTE money prices. They thought it would be a “circular argument” to use subjective value theory to explain the purchasing power of money.

Page 9: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

B. Ludwig von Mises’ Solution

Page 10: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

IV. Banking

Page 11: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

A. Two Functions of Banking

1) WAREHOUSE: Bank is a physically safe place to store money, which owner still can spend. (Checking account or demand deposit.)

4) CREDIT INTERMEDIARY: Bank borrows money from savers and lends it out to others (consumers or businesses) at higher interest rate. (Saving account or time deposit.)

Page 12: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

B. Goldsmiths and Fractional Reserve Banking (FRB)

Page 13: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

C. Market Constraints on FRB

Page 14: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

V. Gov’t Interventions

FOR MORE:

Page 15: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

A. Central Banking

Establishment of a “central bank” as “lender of last resort” supposedly in order to stop financial panics.

But many Austrian Economists argue that this removed obstacles to a coordinated inflation by the private banks.

Page 16: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

B. Fiat Money

Governments gradually monopolized the issue of bank-notes (through the central bank), but originally the notes were still tied to the market’s commodity money.

Eventually all ties with gold and silver broken.

Page 17: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

VI. Consequences of Government Intervention

Page 18: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

A. (Hyper)inflation

Page 19: Prednáška CEQLS: Robert P. Murphy: Peniaze a bankovníctvo: štát vs. trh

B. Business Cycle