predicting trends intermkt analysis
TRANSCRIPT
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Predicting TrendsPredicting TrendswithwithIntermarketIntermarket
AnalysisAnalysis1
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DisclaimerDisclaimer
It should not be assumed that the methods, techniques, or indicators presented in this book and seminar will beprofitable or that they will not result in losses. Past results are not necessarily indicative of future results. Examples in
this book and seminar are for educational purposes only. This is not a solicitation of any order to buy or sell.
HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN INHERENT LIMITATIONS.
UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT ACTUAL
TRADING. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES IN THIS BOOK and SEMINAR HAVE NOT ACTUALLY BEEN
EXECUTED, THE RESULTS WE STATE MAY HAVE UNDER OR OVER COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT,
IF ANY, OF CERTAIN MARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING
PROGRAMS IN GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED WITH THE
BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS
LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFITS OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.
The authors and publisher assume no responsibilities for actions taken by readers. The authors and publisher are not
providing investment advice. The authors and publisher do not make any claims, promises, or guarantees that any
suggestions, systems, trading strategies, or information will result in a profit, loss, or any other desired result. Allreaders and seminar attendees assume all risk, including but not limited to the risk of trading losses.
Day Trading can result in large losses and may not be an activity suitable for everyone.
Copyright 1994-2007 by Pristine Capital Holdings, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of
the publisher.
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Table of ContentsTable of Contents
Bond Analysis
Concluding Thoughts
Definition and generalizations
Price-yield analysis
Yield Curve
Measuring inflation
Currencies & Commodities
IntroductionWhy focus on inter-related markets
Pertinent inter-market groups
What worries the market?
Definitions and componentsGeneral relationships and why study
U.S Dollar Principles
Charting inter-relationships
Sector Analysis
Developing A Trading Bias
Stock and sector relationships
Stock and commodity relationshipsStock and yield relationships
Bullish or bearish alignment of
commodity and yield movements
US Dollar and implications for the
economy
When commodities and interest
rates flag danger for the stock market
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IntroductionIntroduction
4
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IntroductionIntroduction
Why Focus on Inter-Related Markets?
6
The relationships between commodities, currencies, stocks and bond
yields give important clues about their direction. Markets are inter-related.
It gives the markets insights about the economy, inflation or lack thereof.
It gives us clues how one market or stock sector may move based on
movements in other markets. Money flows between markets.
To understand from the markets point of view the collective thoughts that
are occurring in the financial markets.
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7
A better understanding of inter-market relationships gives traders
the knowledge and confidence to trade within those markets.
You do not need to become an economist!
Your goal is to be objective self-directed investor or traderthat gains insights from inter-market relationships .
IntroductionIntroduction
Why Focus on Inter-Related Markets?
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8The primary factor to price stability is inflation.
Currencies -A falling currency makes foreign goods more
expensive, which has the effect of increasing inflation.
CommoditiesRising or falling commodity prices increase or
decrease the cost of goods, which has a direct influence on inflation.
Stocks Rise or fall based on expectations of future earnings
growth and inflation.
Bonds The evaluation of all commodities, currencies and stocks
indicates expectations for the economy & inflation.
InterInter--Market GroupsMarket Groups
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All point to increasing inflation!
Rising Gold prices Traditionally a leading indicator of inflation.
Rising Oil prices Acts as a tax on the economy that is paid at the pumps.
Businesses paying higher oil prices will attempt to pass those costs to consumers.
Rising Interest rates Makes it more expensive to borrow and run businesses,
which is bearish for the economy and stocks.
Rising Commodity prices Higher commodity prices (metals, agricultural
products, and energy) mean higher costs of goods.
Falling Dollar Decreases the buying power of each dollar making imports
more expensive.
Rising interest rates, rising commodities, and a falling Dollar together are bearish.
What Worries The Market?What Worries The Market?
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Strong Dollar in Canada is
Squeezing Its Economy
Drubbing of the Dollar:
Dangerous or Therapeutic?
Bond Investors Face
Rate Threat (Again)
Fed Notes Disclose Worries That
Inflation May Pick UP
Gold is Flashing Warnings
You Could Strike Gold in Metals, Mining,
Even Steel - - If You Act Quickly
Global Demand for Nickel, Copper, Gold
and Other Metals is Strengthening
Actual Story Headings From The Media
After this DVD, you will be able to formulate intelligent opinions from news
clips like these about the inter-market relationships and tradable opportunities!
IntroductionIntroduction
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CurrenciesCurrencies
andand
CommoditiesCommodities11
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Currencies and CommoditiesCurrencies and Commodities
12
The U.S. Dollar is the most
traded currency in the world asthe main reserve currency.
Like all currencies, its actual
value can change significantly.
We will look at what affects
movement in the U.S. Dollar
to determine its effect in other
markets and currencies.
A countrys currency is its official unit of monetary exchange for goods, services and securities.
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1395 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
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95 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
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95 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
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400
95 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
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450
500
95 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
160
170180190200210220
230240250260270280290300310
Energy
Meats Metals
Grains
Gold SilverCopper
Aluminum
Platinum
Corn
WheatSoybeans
Crude Oil
Heating Oil
Natural Gas
HogsCattle
Pork Bellies
Others:
Cocoa
Sugar
CottonOrange Juice
Lumber
Commodities are tradedbetween countries in exchange
for their currencies.
We will look at the effectmovement in commodities have
on currencies and inflation.
Commodity Research Bureau(CRB) is the most widely
followed commodity index.
CRB
Currencies and CommoditiesCurrencies and Commodities
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14
Currencies and commodities have a direct correlation with each other because
currency is exchanged for commodities, and vice versa.
A business buying commodities from another country may sell their currency (supply)
and buy another countries currency (demand) to pay for that commodity.
Currencies of the countries that are large producers of commodities (Canada and
Australia) typically move more with changing demand for those commodities.
The demand for a countries currency also makes it a commodity to be traded based onsupply and demand for it. Forex
Currencies and CommoditiesCurrencies and Commodities
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16
Strong Dollar Disadvantages
U.S. products become more expensive in foreign
markets.
U.S. firms must compete with lower priced
foreign goods.
It is more expensive for foreigners to visit U.S.
It is more expensive for foreign investors and
countries to buy U.S. securities and real estate.
Weak Dollar Advantages
U.S. products become less expensive in foreign
markets.U.S. firms find less competitive pressure to
lower prices, but can lower prices and still profit.
It is less expensive for foreign tourists to visit
the U.S.It is cheaper for foreign investors and countries
to purchase U.S. securities and real estate.
Weak Dollar Disadvantages
U.S. consumers see higher prices on foreign
products/services.Higher prices on foreign products contribute
to higher inflation in the U.S.
It is more expensive for U.S. consumers to
travel to and buy goods in foreign countries.Its more expensive for U.S. Dollars to
purchase foreign stocks, bonds and commodities.
Strong / Weak Dollar EffectsStrong / Weak Dollar Effects
Strong Dollar Advantages
U.S. consumers see lower prices on foreign
products/services.
Lower prices on foreign products/services
help keep inflation lower` in the U.S.
It is less expensive for U.S. consumers to
travel to and buy goods in foreign countries.
U.S. dollars can purchase foreign stocks,
bonds and commodities at lower prices.
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1786 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
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80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125 Rising commodities
are considered bearish
for the U.S. Dollar.
Falling commodities
are considered bullish
for the U.S. Dollar.
There are times when
this correlation diverges
greatly.
There is a key to when
this correlation is closer,
which we will get to.
U.S. Dollar
CRB IndexCommodities were
becoming more expensive
The Dollars buyingpower was increasing
US Dollar and CommoditiesUS Dollar and Commodities
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18
Rising commodity prices and a falling U.S. Dollar are inflationary. Why?
Higher costs and lower buying power.
Falling commodity prices and a rising U.S. Dollar are deflationary. Why?
Lower costs and higher buying power.
The question is, if there is inflation or deflation based on rising or falling costs for
goods and services, to what extent is it? Is it really a problem and how can we tell?
The Bond Market will tell us about expectations for inflation, or lack thereof, and
the effectiveness of the Feds action to keep it in check. Well get to this soon.
Gold is also an indicator of inflation expectations, and acts as a gauge of the
Feds action of raising or lowering rates. Lets look at this!
Currencies and CommoditiesCurrencies and Commodities
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CRB and GoldCRB and Gold
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
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850
180190200210220230240250
260270280290300310320330340
CRB Index
Gold
The CRB Index moves up as
demand for commodities increases
and/or supply decreases.
Gold has a very close
correlation with commodities.
As commodity prices rise, sodo expectations of inflation.
With this simple correlation, wecan create trading ideas.
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US DollarUS Dollar -- CRB and GoldCRB and Gold
85 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
180190
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240250
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500
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95
100
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115
120
125
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
Gold- CRB
US Dollar
The U.S. $ has an inverse correlationwith the CRB and Gold, but there are
times when they diverge significantly.
The reason for this divergence will be
clear when we review their inter-market
relationship with interests rates.
BearishCRB-Gold=
BullishU.S.Dollar
Bullis
hCRB
-Gold
=
BearishU.S.
Doll
ar
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21
General U.S. Dollar Principles The Dollar is falling vs.the other currencies.
The bond market may
have inflation fears.
Commodities and gold
may have been rising.
We know theres more
supply than demand.
There is a mountain of
news and economic
indicators that affect the
U.S $ relative to others.
We are not going tofocus on this!
Currencies and CommoditiesCurrencies and Commodities
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Currencies and Commodity Rich CountriesCurrencies and Commodity Rich Countries
22
Demand for commodities results in demand for currencies of countries that produce them.
Countries needing commodities from those countries will buy the currencies of those countries
to purchase those commodities.Example: Sell U.S. Dollars - Buy Australian Dollars.
By monitoring the CRB Index, the trend and changes of commodities can be assessed.
2002 2003 2004 2
180
190
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280
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0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
2001 2002 2003 2004 20
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
CRB Index Japanese Yen
Australian DollarCanadian Dollar
Japan is not a sellerof commodities, sothe Yen was risingfor other reasons
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Foreign Currencies and US BondsForeign Currencies and US Bonds
23
1 2002 2003 2004
105
110
115
120
8590
95
100
105
110
115
120125
10-Yr. U.S. Note
10-Yr. Note priced in EUROS
The EURO was appreciating
significantly against the U.S.$,
which resulted in losses for
EURO investors in U.S. Bonds
1 2002 2003 2004 2
105
110
115
120
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
10-Yr. U.S. Note
10-Yr. Note priced in YEN
Foreign governments and business taking Dollars for goods and services can use those dollars tobuy U.S. Bonds.
Although foreign investors can buy U.S securities cheaper when their currency is appreciating
against the U.S. Dollar, they can lose overall when the U.S Dollar continues to depreciate.
Japanese investors buying U.S. Bonds faired much better than European investors over the period
shown because the EURO appreciated in value more than the YEN against the U.S. Dollar.
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Foreign Currencies and US StocksForeign Currencies and US Stocks
24
5 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
0.40
0.45
0.50
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0.65
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0.75
0.80
0.85
1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
500
600
700
800
9001000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10U.S. Dollar vs.British Pound
S&P 500
S&P 500 inBritish Pound
U.S.$ Stronger
than BP
U.S.$ weaker
than BP
S&P and U.S.$
strong at thesame time
S&P and U.S.$ weak
at the same time
S&P strong,
U.S.$ weak
It will cost more for a foreign investor to invest in the S&P 500 when the U.S Dollar is
appreciating against that currency, and less when the U.S Dollar is depreciating against it.
Once they have invested, their return will follow the S&P 500 as long as the direction of U.S.
Dollar performance against that currency and the S&P 500 continues to move in the same direction.
When the S&P 500 moved up and the U.S. Dollar remained weak against the Pound, a British
investor did not enjoy the returns that a U.S. investor did.
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Currencies and Equity Markets
91 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 0491 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
U.S. Dollar Gold
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
S&P 500
S S
H
A Falling U.S. $ is bullish for Gold
(inflation).
Gold reflects the markets view on
inflation and often trends opposite stocks.
The H&S top in the U.S. $ and
historically low interest rates (not shown)
were indications to keep an eye on Gold. 25
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Currencies Affects InflationCurrencies Affects Inflation
26
c 2004 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
100
105
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115
120125
130
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150
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2004 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
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180
Copper Copper
Copper priced in EUROSCopper priced in U.S. $
A falling currency is inflationary. To fully understand why this is the case, the above charts
are copper, priced in U.S. Dollars and EUROS. The U.S. Dollar was falling against the EURO.
A U.S. firm would have to pay more with its Dollars than a European firm paying in EUROS.
The higher costs are added to products bought by consumers, which raises the cost of living.
C i d C d Oil
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Currencies and Crude OilCurrencies and Crude Oil
27
9 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2
15
20
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9 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2
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Crude Oil Crude Oil
Crude priced in EUROSCrude priced in U.S. $
Crude Oil is priced in U.S. Dollars, but there has been some sales in EUROS.
The chart to the left shows Crude priced in U.S. $. The left is in EUROS.
If the U.S. had to pay for Oil in EUROS, its cost would increase dramaticallyovernight, since it would have to exchange U.S. $ for EUROS.
F i C i d U S R l EF i C i d U S R l E
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Foreign Currencies and U.S. Real EstateForeign Currencies and U.S. Real Estate
You are selling your home for
$500,000. Since you live in New
York, you expect to be paid in
U.S. Dollars.
Vacationers from London
decide they like it and decide to
buy at your asking price.
The exchange rate for U.S. $
from British Pounds is $1.92
The cost for your home to the
vacationers in British Pounds is
260,417 U.S. Dollars!
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
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190195British Pound
U.S. Dollar
Real Estate Index
Interest rates play a major role in the
direction of the real estate market, but
upward acceleration can be seen on the indexafter the Dollars fall accelerated downward
28
C i d C di iC i d C diti
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Currencies and CommoditiesCurrencies and Commodities
Foreigners buy U.S. Dollar-based assets
with those U.S. Dollars. U.S. Stocks,
Bonds, Real Estate and Foreign Oil.
They can also sell them in exchange fortheir own or other currencies. Forex
U.S. companies needing to buy raw
commodities may sell U.S. $ and buy
foreign currency to pay for them.
U.S. consumers send
U.S. Dollars overseas for
goods and services.
U.S. $ Commodities EU, JY, CD, AU
When the demand for commodities is
high, their prices rise and the U.S. $ falls.
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BONDSBONDS
30
B d B iBond Basics
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A bond is a debt to pay back a loan over a specified period of time,
at a specified rate of interest.
The longer the period of time to pay back the debt, the higher the
expected return by investors (e.g., 3-Month versus 30-Year).
U.S. government bonds are considered risk-free compared to
corporate debt.
The higher the perceived risk of default, the higher the expected
return by investors (e.g., Government bond versus corporate debt).
Bond BasicsBond Basics
31
Bond BasicsBond Basics
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32uary March April May June July August September November Decemb4.554.604.654.704.75
4.804.854.904.955.005.055.105.155.205.25
5.305.355.405.455.505.555.605.65
102103
104
105
106
107
108
109110
111
112
113
114
115
116117
Bond Yields
Bond Prices
Bond Prices and Yields moveinverse to each other.As prices move
down, yields move up and vice versa.
Bond Price-Yield Basics
Bond BasicsBond Basics
Bond BasicsBond Basics
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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
Short-term rates are controlled
by the Federal Reserve, and short-
term bond yields follow.
Long-term rates are controlled by the market. Whileinfluenced by the Feds actions on short-term rates,
longer-term expectations for inflation are what moves it.
Long-Term Rate
Short-Term Rate
33
Bond BasicsBond Basics
Bond BasicsBond Basics
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34mber 2004 February March April May June July
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
3-Month
6-Month
1-Year
2-Year
3-Year
5-Year
10-Year
15-Year
30-YearNormal Yield AlignmentVarious maturities
generally trend together.
Their trends can give
us clues to the future
direction of stocks, since
they reflect the bond
markets view on
commodities, currencies,
and the economy.
Bond BasicsBond Basics
ShortShort Term Bond GuidelinesTerm Bond Guidelines
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35
Short-term interest rates (yields) follow the Federal Reserves
adjustments to the Fed Funds Rate.
Short-term rates rising, tighten the supply of money, eventually
slowing the economy. This also tends to support the U.S. $ byraising its yield in relation to other currencies. Forex
Short-term rates falling, loosen the supply of money, eventually
stimulating the economy. This also tends to weaken the U.S. $ by
lowering its yield in relation to other currencies. Forex
ShortShort--Term Bond GuidelinesTerm Bond Guidelines
LongLong Term Bond GuidelinesTerm Bond Guidelines
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36
LongLong--Term Bond GuidelinesTerm Bond Guidelines
Long-term interest rates (yields) fall on expectations of a
weakening economy and/or lower inflation expectations.
Long-term interest rates (yields) rise on expectations of a
strengthening economy and/or higher inflation expectations.
The long-term bond markets interpretation of the economy,
inflation, short-terms rates, commodities and currencies is
what moves this market.
LongLong-Term ViewTerm View Short Term ViewShort Term View
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LongLong--Term ViewTerm View Short Term ViewShort Term View
989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
8 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
Rising long- and short- term yields indicates inflation fears and Fed tightening.
Falling long- and short-term yields indicates low inflation fears and Fed easing.
Falling or rising may not be bullish or bearish, but the two views should not meet.
Risin
glo
ng-te
rm3-Month Yields30-Year Yields
Risin
gsh
ort-term
Fallinglong-term
Falli
ngshort-term
Flat to stable long-term
Rising
sh
ort-te
rm
F
allingsh
ort-term
Markets View Feds View
37
Borrowing and InvestingBorrowing and Investing
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Borrowing and InvestingBorrowing and Investing
3881 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
0
5
10
15
20
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
When long-term
yields are high, it
makes borrowing
expensive.
When short-
term yields are
high, it attracts
money to low risk
investments.
Would you want toborrow money here?
Would you like to
invest risk free here?
What about here?
What about here?
30-Yr.
Fed Funds Rate
A
B
D
C
Bond Market GuidelinesBond Market Guidelines
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39
While rising interest rates are viewed as bearish for
stocks, rising rates after a period of declining rates indicates
a strengthening economy, which is positive.
While falling interest rates are viewed as bullish for
stocks, falling rates after a period of advancing rates
indicates a weakening economy, which is negative.
The spread (difference) between bonds of long and
short durations will be key to determining whether the
amount of tightening is bullish or bearish for stocks.
Bond Market GuidelinesBond Market Guidelines
DonDont Fight the Fed?t Fight the Fed?
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DonDon t Fight the Fed?t Fight the Fed?
401998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
Fed Funds Rate
3-Month Yields (most
closely follow the Fed
Funds Rates and at
times lead it)
Fed began cutting rates once
bubble popped, but it was not
the time to be buying stocks.
Bear market endsS&P 500
Fed raises rates per macro-economic data, which the
market absorbed.
The old adage Dont
fight the Fed is not true
at major turning points.
After 2000, the Feds
repeated reduction in
rates was too little, too
late.
The rising rates in
2004 were not bearish
because of the steady
prior decline.
WhatWhats the Spread?s the Spread?
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WhatWhat s the Spread?s the Spread?
411958 1959 1960 1961
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
3-Month Yields
30-Year Yields
Spread
Wide
Spread Narrowing
Yields Inverted
Spread Widening
The spread and/or inversion between short-
and long-term rates are a key guide to recessionsand potential stock market corrections.
A wide spread is bullish, inversion is bearish.
30-Yr. above 3-Month isan normal Yield
relationship
30-Yr. below 3-Month,abnormal yield relationship
Bond Market Anticipates the FedBond Market Anticipates the Fed
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Bond Market Anticipates the FedBond Market Anticipates the Fed
42
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2001 Feb Mar
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
Dec 2004 Feb Mar Apr May J un Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 20
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0.91.01.11.2
1.31.41.51.61.71.81.92.02.12.22.3
Fed FundsFed Funds
2-Year Note 2-Year Note
The Bond Market anticipates the Feds actions and gives us a heads up.
In 2000, the yield on the 2-Year Note was falling for several months (A) prior to the
Fed cutting the Fed Funds Rate.
In 2004, the yield on the 2-Year Note was rising for over two months (B) before the
Fed raised the Fed Funds Rate (C).
AB
C
Economic ReportsEconomic Reports
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Economic Reportsco o c epo ts
43
Beige Book
Leading Economic
Indicators
Economic reports that
monitor the economy and
inflation are issued weekly.
Many try to predict their
movements and what they
are indicating about the
economy, inflation and theFeds Policy based on them.
We are only concerned
with how the Bond Market
reacts to these numbers,
not the number themselves.
Business Inventories
Durable Goods Orders
Factory Orders
Gross Domestic Product
Industrial Production and
Capacity Utilization Consumer Confidence Index
Employment Report
Initial Jobless ClaimsPersonal Income and
Consumption
Real Earnings
Redbook Retail Averages
Retail Sales
Construction Spending
Existing Home Sales
Housing Market Index
Housing StartsNew Home Sales
Leading Economic
Indicators
Consumer Price Index
Employment Cost Index
Producer Price Index
Productivity and Unit Labor
Costs
Purchasing Managers Index
Industrial Production
Fed Indicators Housing
Inflation
Consumer Confidenceand Employment
What is Inflation and How is it Measured?What is Inflation and How is it Measured?
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920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20CPI Annual
Rate of Change
There is so much attention paid to inflation, but does it
actually correlate to positive or negative stock prices?
What is Inflation and How is it Measured?What is Inflation and How is it Measured?
An increase in the amount of money or credit available (more dollars) in relation to theamount of goods or services available (low supply), which causes an increase in the general
cost of goods and services.
One measure of inflation is the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
CPI represents changes in prices of all goods and services purchased for consumption by
urban households, and is viewed by plotting its annual rate of change.
44
There Must be More to CPI!There Must be More to CPI!
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1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
S&P 500
CPI Annual Rate of Change When the CPIs annual Rate of
Change was rising (bearish) and
falling (bullish), it did not have the
effect it should have where marked.
25% Correction
Flat
The market has done very well andvery poorly with CPI rising and
falling, so there must be something
else to this, which we will get to!
45
Bond Market StudiesBond Market Studies
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In 1996, the New York Federal Reserve did a study on what indicators were the most
reliable predictors of a recession. Stocks react before economists will confirm a recession.
The only one of six indicators that was significantly reliable was anInverted Yield Curve.
They later did a private study with over 20 factors in 1999 and still found that the only
dependable indicator was theInverted Yield Curve.
The two studies done by the Fed indicated an Inverted Yield Curve to be the only reliable
indication of a recession, whichdoes havea negative effect on stocks for obvious reasons.
For this reason, we will read the bond markets reaction to changes in currenciesand commodities and trends for indications of a changing environment for stocks. 46
To What Extent Have Yields Inverted?To What Extent Have Yields Inverted?
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November 2000 FebruaryMarch April May June July August September Novemb
4.955.005.05
5.105.15
5.205.25
5.30
5.355.40
5.455.50
5.555.60
5.65
5.705.75
5.805.85
5.905.95
6.00
6.056.10
6.156.20
6.256.30
6.35
6.406.45
6.506.55
6.606.65
6.70
6.756.80
6.856.90
6.95
3-Month
5-Year
10-Year
30-Year
A:Late 1999 yields are inproper alignment.
B: The 10- and 30-Year
moved under the 5-Year,
which inverted them:
Early warning of
economic weakness!
C: The 30-Year and 3-
Month inverted:
Early warning of recession
(and bear market per
technicals)!
D: Complete inversion:
Macro supported
aggressive bearish posture.
A B C D
Complete inversion
To What Extent Have Yields Inverted?To What Extent Have Yields Inverted?
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Recession concerns (A), but
inversion is not complete!
Recession concernsabate (B). 3-Month moves
back under the 30-Year.A
B
48
Composite of LongComposite of Long-- and Shortand Short--TermTerm
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49
1958 1959 1960
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
1958 1959 1960
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
40
45
50
55
60
30-Yr. Minus 3-Month 30-Yr. Minus 3-Month
S&P 50030-Yr.
3-Month.
Making a composite indicator by subtracting the 30-Yr. yield from the 3-Month
yield will form a signal line that is clearer.
Once the spread narrows to .5, it signals the yield curve is nearing an abnormallevel and an early warning. Once under 0, the yields have become inverted.
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50
2 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
500
1000
1500
Spreads greater than 3 points are very bullish, but do not
suggest a market advance initially. It takes time for abullish monetary yield spread to take effect.
Yield Spread
S&P 500
CPI and Yield SpreadCPI and Yield Spread
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511998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20
-0.50.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
At (A), inflation wasrising, but there was no ill
effect until yields inverted.
At (B), not until thespread reached 3.0 points
and inflation actually
turned up did the stock
market move up.
At (C), the CPI Annual
Rate of Change nearedupper levels that
coincided with the 2000
high in the S&P 500, but
the spread between yieldswas very bullish.
S&P 500
CPI Annual Rate of Change
Yield Spread
(A)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(B)
(C)
Tradable Instruments in Bonds and Currencies
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52
Bond Futures Bond/Yield Trusts
iShares
SHY Lehman 1-3 Year
Treasury Bond Fund
TLT - Lehman 20+ Year
Treasury Bond FundIEF - Lehman 7-10 Year
Treasury Bond Fund
AGG - Lehman Aggregate
Bond Fund
30 Year Bonds Futures (ZB)
10-Year Note Futures (ZN)
5-Year Note Futures (ZF)
2-Year Note Futures (ZT)
6J Yen
6E - Euro
6C Canadian
6A Australia
6B British Pound
Currencies
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Sector AnalysisSector Analysis
53
Introductory ThoughtsIntroductory Thoughts
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54
The relationships between bonds, currencies, commodities
and stocks will direct our attention to tradable sectors.
The relationships between various sectors and related
stocks may move together or opposite each other, those
relationships will offer clues to their direction.
These intra-market relationships will direct you to where
funds are flowing, and to tradable opportunities.
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55
3 30 6
2003
13 21 27 3 10
February
18 24 3 10
March
17 24 31 7
April
14 21 28 5
May
12
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
250
260
270
280
290
300310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380390
400
It is bullish for thebroader markets to be led by
the tech-heavy Nasdaq.
Semiconductors represent
a large percent of the
Nasdaq, so they often lead it,
as they did in early March.
Rallies in the Nasdaq
without the relative strength
of the semis are suspect.
Semiconductor Index (SOX)
NASDAQ
Higher Low
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56
NASDAQ
SOX Index The SOX making a lower
low in early Sept. (A) was a
concern for the Nasdaq;
however, the SOX rallied .
In Dec., the lower high(B) and relative weakness in
the SOX made the bullish
run in the Nasdaq suspect.
These two cannot stay
out of sync for long!9August
16 23 30 7 13
September
20 27 4 11
October
18 25 1 8
November
15 22 29 6 13
December
20 27 3 1
2005
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
NASDAQ
SOX Index
A
B
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571997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2
At times, a commodity
and/or the underlying equities
index will not confirm a new
high or low of the other.
Anon-confirmationmakes
the index or the commoditys
new high or low suspect.
Confirmed new highs and
lows suggest continuation of
the commodity and the
underlying equity index.
Non-confirmation
Gold/Silver Index (XAU)
Gold
Non-confirmation
Confirmed
Confirmed
Confirmed
Confirmed
Non-confirmation
Non-confirmation
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58A M J J A S O N D 2004 M A M J J A S O N
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
80
85
90
95
100
105
110115
120
125
130
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
Oil Index
Oil Services Index
Crude Oil
The early steady rise incrude was confirmed by
the Oil Index and the Oil
Services Index.
In late 2004, the new
highs in the Oil and Oil
Services Index was notconfirmed by Crude Oil.
Anon-confirmationof
Crude suggests either
Crude will move higher or
the breakout in the Indices
will fail.
Commodity and Underlying
Non-confirmation
Non-confirmation
Non-confirmation
Confirmed
Confirmed
Confirmed
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59
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
203040
5060708090
100110120130140
150160170180190200210220
1995 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Crude Oil
AMEX Oil IndexAirline Index
Oil Services Index The rising priceof oil is bullish for
oil related stocks.
High oil prices
are bearish for
industries whosetop expenses are
oil related.
Airlines and
Truckers.
Transport Index
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60
26 2 9
August
16 23 30 7 13 20
September
27 4 11
October
18 25 1 8 15
November
22 29 6
Dec
3.903.95
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45
4.50
4.55
4.60
4.65
350
355
360
365
370
375
380385
390
395
400
405
410
415
420
425430
435
Homebuilders Index Rising interest ratesare bearish for home
builders.
At (A), the steady
drop in yields
confirmed the movehigher in the sector.
At (B), the higher
low and breakout in
yields confirmed the
Double Top and breaklower in the sector.
Rising yields is
bearish for interest
rate sensitive stocks.A
BHigher Low10-YearYields
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611998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
Lennar Homes
S&P 500
10-Yr. NoteLower yields, bullishfor home builders
A weak U.S.$ also attracts
foreign money to U.S. real estate
In sync
Home builders will be influenced by the
general market, but also by bond yields.
They can show relative strength orweakness depending on whether all
markets are in sync or not.
Lower yields and a higher stockmarket are bullish for home builders.
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While home building stocks
will be influenced by general
market trends, interests rates will
have a major influence.
At (A) the sharp fall in the 10-
Yr. Yield increases the bullish
bias in Hovnanian.
At (B), the sharp rise raised a
more bearish bias.
At (C) the sharp rise was
bearish and HOV declined.
At (D) rates were lower, then
stable at a historical low level.A S O N D 2003 A M J J A S O N D 2004 A M J J A S O N D 210
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
(A)
(A)(B)
(B)
(C)
(C)
(D)
(D)
?
?
10-Yr. Yield
Hovnanian
(HOV)
62
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63
Futures and Trusts
Steel (X, AKS, SCHN, STLD)
Mining Gold (NEM, AEM, ABX, PDG, GFI, MDG, AU)Mining Other (PD, AL, FCX, AA)
Paper (IP, WY, GP, BOW, TIN, BCC, LPX)
Fertilizer (POT, AGU)
Chemicals (DOW, APD, LYO, HPC, DD, ASH)
Construction Materials (VMC, EXP, CX, TXI)
Oil & Gas (AHC, BR, MRO, KMG, OXY)
Energy Equipment & Services (BHI, SLB, CAM, WFT)
Containers and packaging (SEE, SSCC, PKG)
Grains (ADM, CAG, MGPI)
Futures on CRB Index and
Goldman Sachs Commodity Index
Holders/SPDRS/iShares
XLB Materials SPDR
XLE Energy SPDR
GLD Gold SPDR
OIH Oil Services
Commodities themselves
YG Gold
Many other metals, meats,
grains, etc. at www.cbot.com
Stocks - Industry
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642000 2001 2002 2003 2004
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
175180185190195200205210215220225
230235240245250255260265270275280285290295300
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Basic Materials (XLB)
S&P 500
CRB Index
Basic material and commodity-related
stocks will be influenced by the general
market and by the CRB.
They can show relative strength or
weakness depending on whether all
markets are in sync or not.
Rising CRB and a higher stockmarket is bullish for basic materials.
In sync
Relative Strength
103
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F il d
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65
7 13 20
ptember
27 4 11
October
18 25 1 8 15
November
22 29 6 13
December
20 27 3 1
2005
270
275
280
285
290
7 13 20
eptember
27 4 11
October
18 25 1 8 15
November
22 29 6 13
December
20 27 3 1
2005
29.5
30.0
30.5
31.0
31.5
32.0
32.5
33.0
33.5
34.0
34.5
35.0
7 13 20
eptember
27 4 11
October
18 25 1 8 15
November
22 29 6 13
December
20 27 3 1
2005
79
808182838485
868788
8990
919293949596
979899
100
101102
103
CRB Index
Alcan
7 13 20
eptember
27 4 11
October
18 25 1 8 15
November
22 29 6 13
December
20 27 3 1
2005
51.552.0
52.5
53.0
53.5
54.0
54.5
55.0
55.5
56.056.5
57.0
57.5
58.0
58.5
59.0
59.5
60.0
60.5
Phelps Dodge
Ashland
When the CRB is weak, look to short bearish patterns related to commodity stocks
Aluminum Chemicals
Copper
A
Failed
Breakout
Weakest
B
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66August September October November December 200
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
80
81
82
83
8485
86
87
88
89
90
1.31.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
3-Month Yields
U.S. Dollar
GOLD Index
Short-term yields wererising steady, which should
have a positive effect on the
US Dollar and negative
effect on Gold.
At (A), there was a minor
move up in the Dollar
which, along with the rising
yields, was enough to affect
Gold.
The next move up in the
Dollar (B) brought the next
drop in the Gold Index.
(B)(A)
This was an area of long-term support
D Th
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67ar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2000 Mar
22002300
24002500260027002800290030003100
3200330034003500360037003800
10000
10500
11000
11500
Dow Theory Dow Theory states that to have atrue bull market, the Dow Industrials
and Transports must move up together.
Industrial companies manufacturethe goods; the Transports move them.
Thus, the theory is that if they are
doing poorly, it is an indicator of
economic weakness (and vice versa).
The Dow Transports were giving a
bearish signal in 1999 and early 2000.
As the Dow rallied to a new high in
2000, the Transports failed to move up
at all, which was a bearish divergence.
DOW-30
Transports
Non-confirmation/
Bearish Divergence
D Th
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68t Nov Dec 2004 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
27002750
28002850290029503000305031003150
3200325033003350340034503500
9500
9600
9700
9800
990010000
10100
10200
10300
10400
10500
1060010700
10800
The Dow Transports weregiving bullish signals in 2004
as they advanced to new highs.
Dow Theory would haveflagged a bearish warning
because of the Dows failure to
make new highs; however, the
message of the Transports was
still bullish, giving us a bias to
buy compelling long setups.
Transportation stocks move
goods, so if they are doing
well, it is an excellent indicator
of economic strength.
DOW-30
The strength in Transports made
us more bullish at these points,particularly with bullish Sentiment
Dow Theory
Transports
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69M A M J J A S O N D 2003 M A M J J A S O N
Relative Strength at Early Expansion
Retail jumping from theweakest to the strongest
showed strong consumer
confidence and spending.
Transports, Green
Retail, Red
Russell 600 Small Cap, Black
S&P, Purple
Strength in retailers is abullish indicator for the market
Investments in small capsshows investor confidence.
Strong transports are a good
sign for the economy, since it is
needed to move produced goods
For example, FDX.
All support a bullish
bias for the S&P 500
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InterInter--MarketMarket
Review andReview and
Developing aDeveloping aTrade BiasTrade Bias 70
InterInter--Market Review and BiasMarket Review and Bias
I iti ll i i t t b d Th i di t th t th i d i ll
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71
Initially, raising rates are not bad. They indicate that the economy is doing well.
Equity markets can rise while short-term rates are rising.
If long-term rates are going up with short-term rates, it is eventually bearish.
Long and short rates coming together is not bad until they get too close or invert.
Rising commodity prices and rising long- and short-term interest rates areeventually bearish for stocks, and vice versa.
Rising commodity prices are bearish for the U.S. Dollar, and vice versa.
The direction of the U.S. Dollar has implications for the economy, which affects
the stock market, but its direction alone is not enough to be bullish or bearish.
Its the bond markets opinion, combined with the above that will guide us.
InterInter--Market Review and BiaMarket Review and Bias
Commodities and Interest: Flag
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72
By early 1973, the 3-MonthYield moved above the 5- and
30-Year. Combined with rising
commodities, a bearish signal.
The bear market ended in
late 1974 when yields revertedinto a normal alignment.
Larger market corrections
have occurred when
commodity prices and interest
rates both advanced, and/or
became inverted.
CRB
S&P 500
3-Month, Red
5-Year, Purple
30-Year, Green
Commodities and Interest: Flag
2x Bottom
Breakdown
Inversion
1972 1973 1974 1975 1
100
150
200
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
4
5
6
7
8
9
10Danger and Opportunity!
CRB
5- & 30-
Inverted
3-Month, Red
5-Year, Purple
30-Year, Green
S&P 500
InterInter--Market Review and BiasMarket Review and Bias
In 2002 the historically wide5 & 30 Yr reverted to normal
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2001 2002 2003 2004 2
180190
200210220230240250260270
280290
800
900
10001100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1
2
3
4
56
In2002,the historically wide
spread between long- and short-
term yields provided the
monetary liquidity to support a
bullish bias for stocks.
Commodities started rising in2002 (demand), indicating the
economy was improving.
Sideways to declining long-
term yields at (A) suggested there
was low expectations of inflationeven though the CRB was rising.
CRB
S&P 500
30-Year, Green
5-Year, Purple
3-Month, Red
5- & 30-Yr. reverted to normal
A
A
73
U.S. $ Bias Based on CRB and YieldsU.S. $ Bias Based on CRB and Yields
125
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7486 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115120
125At (A)commodities were
rising (bearish), rates were
declining, then flat (bearish).
Dollar down.
At (B)commodities were
declining (bullish),rates falling(bearish).Dollar neutral.
At (C)commodities were
rising (bearish),rates were
rising (bullish).Dollar neutral.
At (D)commodities were
falling most of the time
(bullish), rates were steady at
higher levels, then higher
(bullish). Dollar up.
At (E),commodities were
rising (bearish),rates were
rising (bullish).Dollar neutral.
At (F)commodities were
rising (bearish), rates werefalling (bearish). Dollar down.
(A)
(A)
(F)
(E)
(D)(C)(B)
(A)
(B)
(B)
(C)
(C)
(D)
(D) (E)
(F)
(F)U.S. Dollar
CRB Index
3-Month Rates
When commodities and short-term rates arein opposition, the U.S. $ trend is decisive.
InterInter--Market Review and BiasMarket Review and Bias
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04 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 20
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
2-Yr. Yield 2-Yr. Note
Yields rose from 1.4 %
to 3.2% in a few months
You might be tempted to take advantage of the much higher short-term yields thatwere available, which would be okay, if you did it properly.
At (A), the 2-Yr. Bond turned lower, so while you would benefit from the higher
current yield, you would lose principal as prices declined.
Holding a bond to maturity, rather than buying a bond fund, avoids principal risk.
WeeklyDaily
75
A
InterInter--Market Summary and BiasMarket Summary and Bias
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Commodities turn
up from a downtrend
Market Event AnalysisRising commodities are considered inflationary (bearish), but
initially it indicates increased demand (growth, bullish)
Commodities turndown from an uptrend Falling commodities are considered non-inflationary, butinitially it indicates decreased demand (contraction, bearish)
Long-term yields turn up
from a downtrend or base
Rising long-term yields are viewed as bearish, but initially it
indicates increased demand-growth bullish.
Long-term yields turning
down from an uptrend or base
Falling long-term yields are viewed as bullish, but initially
it indicates decreased demand-growth.
Short-term yields turn up
from a downtrend or base
Rising short-term yields are viewed as bearish, but initially it
indicates the need to slow growth, bullish.
Short-term yields turningdown from an uptrend or base Falling short-term yields are viewed as bullish, but initially itindicates the need to stimulate growth, bearish.
What Is The Trend and How Long Has It Been Trending?What Is The Trend and How Long Has It Been Trending?
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CM LTY STY
CM LTY STY
CM LTY STY
CM LTY STY
CM LTY STY
Inter-Market Event Inter-Market Analysis
Rising CM bearish for U.S.$, LTY-STY narrowing, so check spread
Rising CM bearish for U.S.$, LTY & STY rising, so inflation concerns
Falling CM, rising STY bullish for U.S.$, inflation concerns low. EURO?
Falling CM and STY neutral for U.S.$, LTY some inflation concerns
Rising CM and falling STY bearish for U.S.$, LTY inflation concerns
Higher or lower inflation is not necessarily good or bad. The important thing
is what the Fed and Bond Market believe about it.
Monitoring Gold, the U.S.$ and long-term bonds is a means of assessing theeffectiveness of the Feds actions. Is Fed raising or lowering short-term rates?
If (a) Gold begins to stabilize or move lower, and (b) the U.S. $ begins to
stabilize or rise, and (c) long-term bond yields stabilize or move lower, these
show approval of the effects of the Feds actions (rising rates) against inflation.
InterInter--Market with Breadth and SentimentMarket with Breadth and Sentiment
5 0
5.5
2 0
300
350
0 8
0.7
McClellan Oscillator 10-MA NYSE TRIN
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782004 M A M J J A S O N D
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
1060
1070
1080
1090
1100
11101120
1130
1140
1150
1160
1170
1180
1190
1.01.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
2004 Mar Apr May Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov D
-400-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
2004 Mar Apr M ay Jun Jul Aug S ep Oct Nov D
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
2004 Mar Apr May Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov D
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.700.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
2004 M A M J J A S O N D
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
O
CRB
S&P 500
30-Year, Green
5-Year, Purple3-Month, Red
5-Day Equity P/C Ratio AAII Bull Ratio
At (A), the S&P blasted to new highs
CRB Index (B) breaking to a new high
Yields (C) slowly beginning to move higher
Short-term Breath and Sentiment indicators
(B)
(A)
(C)
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Concluding ThoughtsConcluding Thoughts
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You now have a solid foundation of the inter-relationships between Bonds,Commodities and Currencies.
Now you can interpret comments by the media with the confidence to knowwhat is pertinent and what is noise.
You now understand what has the potential to set up a long-term reversalpoints in the market.
Your understanding of this information, coupled with the other componentsof The Pristine Method, empowers you to be objective and self-reliant.
Get the pertinent data to setup and interpret in a routine manner based on
your time frame and Trading Plan (www.pinnacledata.com).
Concluding ThoughtsConcluding Thoughts
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At this point, you have the pertinent information that makes inter-
market analysis valuable. Its up to you to work with the material
and now make it yours, in accordance with your trading style.
You do not need to be an economist or analyze the vast amount of
information. With this information, you should be able to analyze
inter-market relationships and make intelligent trading decisions.
Define an opportunity where the odds are in your favor, then have
the discipline to follow your trading and money management rules.
In closing, we at Pristine wish you great success!
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