precocious puberty

1. Precocious Puberty
By:
Elizabeth
Ariana
Vivi
Janet
Megan

2. 3. What is Precocious Puberty?
Section 1
4. Definition
Puberty
The process of changing from a child into an adult capable of reproduction
Occurs between ages 10-14for girls, and ages 12-16 for boys
Precocious Puberty
Puberty that begins before age 8 for girls and before age 9 for boys
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002152/
5. Causes
For the majority of children, no underlying medical problem and no identifiable reason for the early puberty.
2 Types of Precocious Puberty
Central
Peripheral
Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002152/
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/precociouspuberty/DS00883/DSECTION=causes
6. Central
Most common form of precocious puberty
Puberty process starts too soon, but the pattern and timing of the steps in the process are normal
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/precociouspuberty/DS00883/DSECTION=causes
7. Rare Causes of Central Precocious Puberty
Tumor in brain or spinal cord
Brain defect presentat birth
Injury to brain or spinal cord
McCune-Albright syndrome
Genetic disease, affects bones and skin color, causes hormonal problems
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Group of inherited disorders, causes abnormal hormone production by adrenal glands
Hypothyroidism
Condition where thyroid doesnt produce enough hormones
Central
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/precocious-puberty/DS00883/DSECTION=causes
8. Peripheral
Less common
Occurs without the hormone in your brain that usually causes puberty to start (Gn-RH)
Caused by the release of estrogen or testosterone into the body because of problems with the ovaries, testicles, adrenal glands or pituitary gland
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/precocious-puberty/DS00883/DSECTION=causes
9. Other Causes
Little evidence, but these may be contributing factors to precocious puberty:
Environmental Factors
Increase in hormones found in food
Exposure to household toxins (BPA)
Obesity
~106 lbs is the weight when puberty starts
Leptin, a hormone involved in puberty, is secreted in fatty tissue (more fatty tissue=more leptin=earlier puberty)
Sources: http://med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/puberty.htm http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/NewScience/reproduction/Puberty/potentialcauses.htm
10. Other Causes
Social Factors
Girls growing up in stressed families reach puberty earlier
Girls growing up without fathers
Media: Some suggest increasingly overt sexuality in popular media may stimulate earlier puberty (but no solid proof yet)
Source: http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/NewScience/reproduction/Puberty/potentialcauses.htm
11. How to Measure Puberty
Doctors utilize Tanner Stages to assess the advancement of puberty.
There are 5 Tanner Stages for each sex.
Each stage corresponds to specific changes in secondary sex characteristics.
Source: Carel & Leger, 2008.
12. Tanner Stages
13. Tanner Stages & Sex Differences

Bodily changes characteristic of Tanner Stage 2 signal the beginning of puberty for boys and girls.

14. There appears to be more girls than boys who experience precocious puberty. 15. In a study of Danish children, 0.2% of girls underwent precocious puberty, compared to about 0.05% of boys.Source: Carel & Leger, 2008.
16. When to Consult a Doctor
Boys:
Girls:
Age: < 8 years old
Physical Features:
- breast growth
Tanner Stage 3-5
If at Tanner Stage 2, there
must be other features
(e.g. a recent growth spurt).
Age: < 9.5 years old
Physical Features:
- secondary sex characteristics
Tanner Stage 2 - 5
17. Precocious Puberty and Height
Individuals who experience puberty at a younger age and do not receive treatment for it tend to be shorter in stature as adults, relative to the rest of the adult population.
These men tend to be 7.9 inches shorter than average.
These women tend to be 4.7 inches shorter than average.
Sources: Carel & Leger, 2008; Nield, Cakan, & Kamat 2007.
18. Emotional Responses to Precocious Puberty
Both boys and girls may develop strong emotional reactions to precocious puberty.
In particular, studies have shown that many girls feel anxious about the changes that their bodies are undergoing.
The emotional consequences of precocious puberty warrant as much attention as the physical.
sources: Carel & Leger 2008; Nield, Cakan, & Kamat, 2007
Sources: Carel & Leger 2008; Nield, Cakan, & Kamat, 2007.
19. How an Individual Can Cope with Precocious Puberty
Section 2
20. Educate Yourself About the Changes
Understand the biological aspects
Source: http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/sexual/precocious.html?tracking=P_RelatedArticle
21. Things to Consider
As the physical appearance of an individual matures, one must realize possible changing social norms and expectations.
22. Realize that there are a variety of body types big, small, and everything in between.
Try not to compare yourself with those around you
Avoid those with negative outlooks; surround yourself with those who care about you
Talk to someone you trust, they could offer suggestions and make you feel a little less alone
23. Avoid those with negative outlooks; surround yourself with those who care about you.Talk to someone you trust, they could offer suggestions and make you feel a little less alone.
24. Everyone goes through puberty, don't be embarrassed to talk about it with your parents, older siblings, or your friends. You may be surprised to find out that they have many of the same thoughts and questions as you do.
25. Treatment Choices
Section 3
26. Usually treatment consists of providing gonadotrophin-releasing
hormone (GnRH) analogues.
Usually results in a decrease in growth
Combining growth hormone (GH) to GnRH treatment results in a higher
final height in girls
Possible Treatments and Outcomes:
Source: Tuverno et al., 2001.
27. Rare cases
Male-Limited precocious Puberty (testotoxicosis)
Long Term Results:
Usually treated with cyproterone acetate or ketoconazole
Results in decrease growth velocity
Bone age/chronological age ratio decreased after therapy
Testosterone levels significantly lower in patients who were treated
with ketoconazole then with cyproterone acetate
Both treatments had similar outcomes without vital side-effects
Both treatments showed limited efficacy in reaching normal adult height
Source: Almeida et al., 2008.
28. How Parents Can Help
Section 4
29. Talk to Them:
Give your child a simple, truthful explanation about what's happening.
Explain that these changes are normal for older kids and teens, but that his or her body has started developing a little too early.
Keep your child informed about treatment and what can be expected along the way.
watch for signs that teasing or other difficulties associated with precocious puberty may be affecting your child's emotional development.
Source: http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/sexual/precocious.html#
30. Warning Signs of Effects on Emotional Development
poor grades
problems at school
loss of interest in daily activities
depression
31. How you cope with the issue can also determine how successfully your child will cope.
32. The goal is to prevent kids from dwelling on sexual development or developing a poor self-image or low self-esteem.
33. Try not to focus your comments on appearance; instead, offer praise for achievements in school or sports and support your child's participation in other activities.
34. The important thing to remember is that kids with precocious puberty can be treated. Doctors can help them preserve their adult height potential as well as limit the emotional and social difficulties they may face from maturing early.
35. Give your child with precocious puberty love and support!

precocious puberty

Education

precocious puberty section

early puberty

puberty startsleptin

beginning of puberty

puberty earliergirls

advancement of puberty

carel leger

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