precision timing and navigation - cde themed call launch 23 april 2013

Precision Timing and Navigation

Centre for Defence Enterprise (CDE)

Rapid technological change

© Crown Copyright MOD 2011

The aim of CDE


Prove the value of novel, high-risk, high-potential-benefit research


To enable development of cost-effective military capability advantage

26 April 2013

Five key operating principles underpin the CDE model

Engaging innovators

26 April 2013

Accessible opportunity

Sustaining incentives

Minimising participation costs

Compliance

Intellectual property

Two routes to funding

Online bid submission

Themed calls

Dstl is part of the

Ministry of Defence

Crown Copyright (c) 2012

Centre for Defence Enterprise

www.science.mod.uk/enterprise [email protected]

UNCLASSIFIED / FOR PUBLIC RELEASE

CDE themed call programme

The challenges of countering terrorist networks

Call closes 1 May 2013 (at 1700 hrs)

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Effective proposals

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01235 438445

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PRECISION TIMING AND

NAVIGATION

CDE themed call DSTL reference: DSTL/PUB72247 V1 draft B

UNCLASSIFIED – FOR PUBLIC RELEASE

© Crown copyright 2012 Dstl

26 April 2013

DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Content

• Overview

• What we are looking for under this call

• What we are not looking for

• Potential exploitation routes – without commitment

• Concluding remarks

Crown Copyright Dstl 2013

UNCLASSIFIED – FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Page 68

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DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Futures & Innovation Programmes

26 April 2013

© Crown copyright 2012 Dstl

Science &Technology

Futures

Strategic Engagement

Knowledge Exploitation & Innovation

DSTL/PUB72247 V1

S&T Futures Programme

Intervention studies (CFD, Future Landscape,...)

Industry, IRC,

FutureWorlds™

© Crown Copyright Dstl 2013

DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Overview • Potential to enhance existing, or enable new, defence

capabilities

• We require:

• to demonstrate innovative use of existing technologies to

achieve military benefit

• significant advances in technology

• to lay the foundations for longer term breakthroughs which

might realise disruptive military capabilities.



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DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Challenge 1: Rapidly exploitable and

innovative use of existing technologies

• New ways to exploit current devices and systems in

order to achieve a significant increase in capability.

• Consideration of how to overcome any barriers to

implementation (such as cost or supporting

infrastructure).

• We encourage leveraging tools and techniques from

other fields and industries.



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DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Challenge 2: Step changes in technologies that

could be exploited over a medium timescale

• Understand how limitations in size, weight and power

might be mitigated while achieving enhanced precision.

• Technologies and techniques that may be leveraged

could include:

– trapped atom / ion-based microwave clocks as an interim to all

optical atomic clocks

– novel laser sources (and fibres)

– miniature vacuum pumps

– novel frequency sources / local oscillators



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DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Challenge 3: Foundations for longer-term

breakthroughs

• Proposals for theoretical analyses or demonstrations of

basic physics welcomed provided novel and a ‘stepping

stone’ towards eventual defence and security application.

• Understand how an emerging technology could eventually

be harnessed for military or security applications in the

longer term. Design concepts on the cusp of the possible

are sought.



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DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Summary (challenges 1 to 3)

• For challenge 1 affordability and exploitation will heavily

influence the uptake of the technology; bidders are asked to

think about how offerings might be designed (from an early

stage) for manufacture (and / or high-volume production).

• For challenge 2 the key driver is enhanced precision over the

current state of the art.

• For challenge 3 the key driver is exploring the art of the possible

with respect to future defence and security needs.

NB For all challenges size, weight and power (SWaP) is a key driver.



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DSTL/PUB72247 V1

What we are not looking for

• Marginal improvements

• Solutions that offer no significant defence and security benefit

• Technology watch / horizon scanning

• Roadmaps or technology prediction (these will be addressed

elsewhere)

• Stellar navigation

• Terrain referenced navigation

• GNSS / GPS antenna arrays

• Optical / radar parameter flow navigation

• Data fusion across networks and / or platforms



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DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Potential exploitation routes

• Five Domains with particular initial exploitation routes:

o Land

o Maritime

o Air and weapons

o C4ISR

o Counter Terrorism

• Other Government Departments

• Research Councils



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DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Land

Image Contains public sector information licensed under the Open

Government Licence v1.0


Challenges include:

• lower-cost devices with improved performance characteristics

• upgrade of legacy equipment

Potential applications:

• synchronisation of man pack jammers (and other radiating equipment including unattended sensors)

• navigation within buildings and urban environments

• improved utilisation of bandwidth

• network synchronisation (ability to rapidly hop on / hop off the network)

• flexible networks (switch on / switch off nodes quickly – uplinks and downlinks)


DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Air and weapons

Image Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0


Challenges include

• technology that can be exploited across the whole portfolio of pipeline weapons

• to optimise the miniature atomic clock design to be robust across all weapon environments

• integrated precision navigation and timing device with favourable SWaP characteristics; for long-range missions (eg 300km) in absence of GNSS


• protecting unencrypted radio frequency data

• faster acquisition of high-accuracy timing and navigation and communication signals in the field

• weapon data links, eg supporting common anti-air modular missile (CAMM)

• synchronisation and navigation for Future Long Range Cruise Missile (FLRCM ) and Compact weapons

• enhanced targeting


DSTL/PUB72247 V1

C4ISR



Challenges include:

• integration on platforms where SWaP is an issue:

– micro-satellites, high-altitude long-endurance (HALE), medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE)

– micro, mini, tactical unmanned air systems


• synchronising disparate sources (including at long ranges)

• protecting unencrypted radio frequency data

• inter-platform time and frequency transfer

• improved control of unmanned air vehicles and sensor payload

• de-confliction of electromagnetic environment (enhanced interoperable systems)

• operating in GNSS (GPS) denied / degraded environments

• operating in harsh electromagnetic environments


DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Counter Terrorism



Challenges:


• safe, secure, resilient and robust systems (perhaps including built in redundancy)


• remotely operated platforms, remote sensor and bomb disposal systems (deployed on unmanned ground and air vehicles)

• operating in harsh electromagnetic environments where intentional electromagnetic interference may be present

• improved cyber security / denial of systems to unauthorized users

• operating in GNSS-denied/degraded environments


DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Maritime



Challenges include:


• upgrade of legacy equipment and new developments

• precision synchronisation (intra and extra platform)

• long-duration underwater navigation

Potential applications –underwater:

• synchronisation of sonar arrays

• improved reliability underwater communications

• enhanced sonar source localisation

• improved control of unmanned underwater vehicles

Potential applications –above water:

• enhanced geo-location / direction finding

• precision geo-location of hostile radio emitters for electronic warfare

• enhanced electronic countermeasures

• synchronisation of communications and sensor suites

• enhanced interoperable systems, eg less chance of self interference


DSTL/PUB72247 V1

Other Exploitation Routes

• Research Council

– Prospect for £2m Programme with Academia to start 2014/15

– Global Uncertainties

• Other Government Departments

– Participating in assessment of proposals



Precise Timing and Navigation – 23 Apr 2013

GPS Roadmap for the MOD

Defence Equipment & Support - Air Platform Systems PT

Global Positioning System – Apr 2013

L2

1227.6 MHz

L1

1575.42 MHz

P(Y)-Code C/A-Code

P(Y)-Code

• GPS is MOD’s de-facto source of position, velocity and time information.

• GPS use is widespread: • Navigation, targeting, guidance, situational awareness, search and rescue, and synchronisation for communication systems.

• Higher level Defence functions (C4ISR) are fundamentally dependent upon GPS.

• MOD policy requires use of PPS (Military) GPS on operations.

Description:

24+ satellites

Medium Earth Orbit

Orbiting once every 12 hours

Services:

Standard Positioning Service (Civilian) – C/A Code

Precise Positioning Service (Military) – P(Y) Code

Performance

Space, Weight

and Power

Cost

Quantities

Trends for GPS Use in Military Applications

GPS - SPS

4 element

SAS – TRL 8

UBX-G5010

FORETREX 201

Defence Advanced

GPS Rx

GPS Receiver Application

Module Standard Electronic

Module type E

GRAM SEM-E Ground

Based-GPS

Receiver

Application

Module

GB-GRAM

Spectrum of Defence users High

Low

Rec

eiv

er

typ

e

Large Application Type Small

Illu

str

ative

exa

mp

les o

f te

ch

no

logy GPS - PPS Po

lic

y

co

mp

lia

nce

http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.trimble.com/defense/graphics/products/force524d.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.trimble.com/defense/force524d.aspx&usg=__lXXWZLIclEPn5VfT4c6ZkiQqeXQ=&h=202&w=250&sz=8&hl=en&start=3&zoom=0&tbnid=QyYGkTLtDXp7IM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=111&ei=kBsgTpf1B4bA8QPL1OHTAw&prev=/search?q=trimble+force+524d+gps+receiver&hl=en&gbv=1&tbm=isch&itbs=1

http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=https://gps.apg.army.mil/gps/images/gramangle.jpg&imgrefurl=https://gps.apg.army.mil/gps/products/gbgram.cfm&usg=__1G-ARH8-5nl_F_yd76xa9SxrSuU=&h=506&w=520&sz=34&hl=en&start=3&zoom=1&tbnid=SjaVGOIJOY8FqM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=131&ei=1W7kT8vfNee90QWMldCtCQ&prev=/search?q=gb-gram&hl=en&gbv=1&tbm=isch&itbs=1

Comparison of GPS Characteristics

PPS Military receivers:

Foundational level of resilience

to jamming

Known functionality in

operational environments

L Relatively high space and weight

L Relatively high power

consumption

L Crypto overheads

L Long procurement lead-times

SPS Civilian receivers:

L Very little resilience to jamming

L Unknown functionality in


Relatively low space and weight

Relatively low power

consumption

No crypto overheads

Short procurement lead-times

26 April 2013

GPS – Vulnerability to Jamming

Satellite to GPS Receiver: ~11,000 NM

Satellite Power: nominally

tens of Watts

Jammer Power:

milliWatts to tens of kiloWatts

Jammer (on the

horizon) to the GPS

Receiver: ~20 NM

GPS Signal At the GPS Receiver -

0.0000000000000001 Watt

The Threat (Off the internet)

26 April 2013

Anti-jam Antenna Systems

GAS1 – TRL 9

CRPA - TRL

DACU - TRL

DACU - TRL

4 element

Mini GAS – TRL 3

2 element

Mini GAS – TRL 3

CRPA – TRL 9

7 element

ADAP – TRL 9

4 element

DACU

7-6000

TRL 9

TRL 7/8

Illu

str

ative

exa

mp

les o

f te

ch

no

logy

Performance

Space, Weight

and Power

Cost

Spectrum of Defence users High

Low

Large Application Type Small

Open Signal

GNSS

Anti-Jam Resilience – Schematic Diagram

Civilian

GPS

Navigation

Processor

Antenna

Control

Unit

(ACU)

Inertial

Measurement

Unit

Multi

Element

Antenna

(CRPA)

Position

Velocity

Time

Clocks

Military

GPS

Receiver (?)

L

K

Anticipated Future Receiver Characteristic Reqs

PPS Military receivers provide:

Foundational level of

resilience to jamming

Known functionality in


L Relatively high space and weight

L Relatively high power

consumption

L Crypto overheads

L Long procurement times

SPS Civilian receivers provide:

L Little resilience to jamming

L Unknown functionality in


Relatively low space and weight

Relatively low power

consumption

No crypto overheads

Short procurement times

For wide-ranging space, weight and power limited applications:

Tactical situational awareness, communications systems,

unmanned vehicles, smart munitions, etc

The Robust - Global Navigation System

• Assessment Phase (24-month duration) – Technology survey

– De-risk technologies for most likely technical solutions

– Capability exploitation study

– Operational Analysis

– System requirements definition

– Capability based competition (autumn ‘14, subject to funding availability) to advise a Business Case for Demonstration and Manufacture

MOD equipment projects (especially those facing space, weight

and lower limitations) need an acceptable alternative to highly

vulnerable commercial off the shelf civilian GPS receivers.

Without Commitment

Without Commitment





Centre for Defence Enterprise Submitting a Successful Proposal

Centre for Defence Enterprise (CDE)

Maximising your chances

Dstl is part of the

Ministry of Defence

UNCLASSIFIED / For Public Release




Know what is available

Dstl is part of the

Ministry of Defence





Read available

information

Including CDE

manuals

Especially Quick Start

Guide

Know what is available

Dstl is part of the

Ministry of Defence





Developing a CDE proposal

Dstl is part of the

Ministry of Defence

Value from technology

Innovative concept

Future capability

Proof of

concept Incremental development

The essentials

Abstract

mins

Assessment

Not an exam

MOD Performance Assessment Framework

Five criteria:

Operational relevance

Likelihood of exploitation

Builds critical S&T capability to meet UK needs

Scientific quality/innovation

Science, innovation and technology risk

Commercial section

Dstl is part of the

Ministry of Defence





Government-furnished X

Health and safety

Ethics

Unclassified





Proposal health check

Claim of future benefit

Contribution to future benefit

Logical programme of work

Generation of evidence

Demonstration of progress





Based on a claim of future benefit

Contribution to realisation of future benefit

Logical programme of work

Evidential outcomes

Demonstration of progress towards goal

Health check

Early birds

Dstl is part of the

Ministry of Defence





This call closes:

17:00 hrs on

Thursday 6 June 2013

Deadline






01235 438445

[email protected]

www.science.mod.uk/enterprise

Call process queries

Dstl is part of the

Ministry of Defence





dstlf&[email protected]

Call technical queries

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Ministry of Defence





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precision timing and navigation - cde themed call launch 23 april 2013

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