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PREFEASIBILITY REPORT MINING OF MAGNESITE & DUNITE LEASE AREA101.35 HA PRODUCTION CAPACITY41857 MTPA ROM (With Magnesite & Dunite Production of 2500 MTPA) AT VILLAGES: JAGHIR AMMAPALAYAM TALUKSALEM DISTRICTSALEM (TAMIL NADU) Lease Granted By: Govt. of Tamil Nadu, G.O. no. 51 dt. 2/2/1987 Lease valid up to 31.3.2030 vide latest amendment of MMDR, 2015 Project falls in Category ‘A’ of EIA Notification, 2006 due to Lease Area >50 Ha ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANT Vardan Environet (NABET/EIA/1316IA001) D-142, Sec. 57, Gurgaon (Haryana) Contact no.- 9810355569 E-Mail: [email protected] APPLICANT M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL) P.B. No. 565, Suramangalam, Salem-636005 Phone: 0427-2341402-26 Fax: 0427 2341407 Mail id: [email protected]

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Page 1: PRE FEASIBILITY REPORTenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/19...20 years from 01.09.2001 to 31.08.2021, and is under deemed extension. Being a captive mine, further

PRE‐FEASIBILITYREPORTMININGOFMAGNESITE&DUNITE

LEASEAREA‐101.35HAPRODUCTIONCAPACITY‐41857MTPAROM(WithMagnesite&DuniteProductionof2500MTPA)

ATVILLAGES:JAGHIRAMMAPALAYAM

TALUK‐SALEMDISTRICT‐SALEM(TAMILNADU)

LeaseGrantedBy:Govt.ofTamilNadu,G.O.no.51dt.2/2/1987Leasevalidupto31.3.2030videlatestamendmentofMMDR,2015

ProjectfallsinCategory‘A’ofEIANotification,2006duetoLeaseArea>50Ha

ENVIRONMENT CONSULTANT

Vardan Environet (NABET/EIA/1316IA001)

D-142, Sec. 57, Gurgaon (Haryana) Contact no.- 9810355569

E-Mail: [email protected]

APPLICANT M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

P.B. No. 565, Suramangalam, Salem-636005 Phone: 0427-2341402-26 Fax: 0427 2341407

Mail id: [email protected]

Vardan
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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Mining lease was granted to M/s Burn Standard Company Ltd. (BSCL, A Govt. of India Undertaking) Salem-636005, Tamil Nadu for a period of 20 years w.e.f. 01.09.1961 to 31.08.1981 which was renewed for next 20 years from 1981 to 2001 vide G.O. No. 51 dated 02.02.1987 (Copy enclosed as Annexure-I), over an extent of 101.35 Ha (Suppl. lease deed enclosed as Annexure-II). The application for renewal of mining lease was made by M/s Burn Standard Company Ltd. as per norms on 17.8.2000, i.e. one year before the expiry of mining lease (Copy enclosed as Annexure-III). Supplementary lease deed was also executed on 17.8.2000 to 19.8.2019 for exploitation of Dunite in addition to Magnesite. M/s Burn Standard Company Ltd. was in possession of the entire lease and was performing the mining operation from the subject mines.

As per the office memorandum dt 17th November 2011, of Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, Department of Heavy Industries, Government of India, the Refractory unit of M/s Burn Standard Company Ltd. at Salem with all assets, and liabilities was transferred to M/s Steel Authority of the India Limited (SAIL) (Copy enclosed as Annexure IV). Accordingly M/s Steel Authority of the India Limited (SAIL) has owned the entire Magnesite Mines and Refractory Plant and named the unit as SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL) w.e.f. 16.12.2011, since then the mining operation was continued by M/s SRCL.

As per the latest amendments of MMDR, 2015, being a captive mine the lease is deemed extended up to 31.03.2030, and is approved by Indian Bureau of Mines, Chennai vide letter No: TN/SLM/MG/ROMP-1402.MDS dated: 06.03.2017.

Review of Mining Plan is prepared for this Lease covering an extent of 101.35 Ha for the plan period of 2016-2021, and is submitted to Indian Bureau of Mines, Chennai for approval.

Since the mine was allotted and was under execution by M/s Burn Standard Company Ltd. much before the applicability of Environment clearance, the environment clearance for the subject mine was not taken. After M/s BSCL, mine was executed by M/s SRCL since 2011 to 2016 as per the provisions of MMDR, 1957. The production capacity by M/s SRCL was never raised more than the capacity of production done by M/s BSCL. Now M/s SRCL is applying for the Environment Clearance as per requirement under EIA Notification, 2006.

This is a violation case due to mining has been operating since grant of mining lease without Environmental Clearance. Ministry has issued S.O. 804 (E) dated 14.03.2017 under the EIA notification 2006. The detailed of past production, certified by Dept. of Geology and Mining, Salem, Tamil Nadu is attached as Annexure-VI and certificate Dept. of Geology and Mining, Salem, Tamil Nadu regarding mining activity has been stopped is attached as Annexure-VII.

The prefeasibility report has been prepared as per the format given by MoEF&CC, and is being submitted along with Form-I for grant of Terms of Reference (ToR) for conducting Environment studies as a violation case.

1.1 Salient Features of the Project Table 1.1: Salient Features of the Project

S.No. Particulars Details

A. Mining Lease Details 1. Name of the Project Mining of Magnesite and Dunite Mine of SAIL Refractory Company

Limited (SRCL), Salem for production of 41857 Tons of ROM.

2. Mineral Explored Magnesite and Dunite

3. Govt. of Tamil Nadu Order G.O. No. 51 dated 02.02.1987

4. Mining Lease Area 101.35 Ha.

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

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5. Lease Period Mining Lease granted for 20 years from 01.09.1981 to 31.08.2001, Application of Renewal was submitted on 17.08.2000 for period of 20 years from 01.09.2001 to 31.08.2021, and is under deemed extension. Being a captive mine, further lease period got extended upto 31.03.2030 as per latest amendment of MMDR, 2015.

6. Elevation Range in the area

299 m MSL to 335 m MSL

B Location

7. Khasra Numbers 1/1,163/1,9/1

8. Village Jaghir Ammapalayam

9. District Salem

10. State Tamil Nadu

11. Latitude and Longitude Pillar No. Latitude Longitude North Block

A N11°41'59.35842" E78°06'20.31761" B N11°42'40.08411" E78°06'16.97251" C N11°42'29.19841" E78°06'48.30711" D N11°42'17.10854" E78°06'58.98481" E N11°41'47.88213" E78°06'27.37432" F N11°42'12.20541" E78°06'35.40846"

South Block a N11°41'59.35842" E78°06'20.31761" b N11°42'07.48869" E78°06'21.66459" c N11°42'20.08361" E78°06'32.03923" d N11°42'13.64251" E78°06'55.06761" e N11°42'05.11641" E78°06'48.83841" f N11°42'12.20541" E78°06'35.40846"

12. Toposheets Nos. 58 I/2 (UTM Zone 43P)

C. Environmental Settings

13. Nearest City Salem ~2.0 Km, SE

14 Highway NH 7 ~0.5 Km, passing between the two lease blocks

15. Nearest Railway Station Salem Junction ~3.00 Km, SE

16. Nearest Airport Salem Airport ~7.00Km, NW

17. Archaeological Important Place

None, within 10 Km radius area of mine site.

18. Ecological Sensitive Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Reserve etc.)

There is no Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserves, Tiger Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, etc. within 10 km radius.

19. Reserved/Protected Forest within 10 Km radius

Nagarmalai RF in East direction

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

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20. Nearest River/water body

___

2.0 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT/ BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1 Identification of Project and Project Proponent The project proponent M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL) has proposed the mining of Magnesite and Dunite mineral over an area of 101.35 Ha. Village- Jaghir Ammapalayam, Taluk- Salem, District-Salem, Tamil Nadu with an annual production capacity of ROM 41857 MTPA from which 2500 MTPA of Magnesite & Dunite will be produced. The details of the project proponent and project are given below:

Name of the applicant M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited

Name and Address of Applicant

Mr. S. Ramasamy Chief Operating Officer M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited P.B. No. 565, Suramangalam, District: Salem, Tamilnadu Pin code: 636005 e-mail: [email protected] Phone: 0427-2341402-26 Fax: 0427 2341407

Name of Mine Mining of Magnesite and Dunite Mine of SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL), Salem for production of 41857 Tons of ROM

Mineral Magnesite and Dunite Lease Area (ha) 101.35 Ha.

Status of Project

Mine Lease is under deemed extension(from 01.09.2001 to 31.08.2021), Being a captive mine, further lease period got extended upto 31.03.2030 as per latest amendment of MMDR, 2015.

2.2 Brief Description of Nature of Project The mining area is 101.35 Ha. at Village-Jaghir Ammapalayam, Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL). 2.3 Need for the Project and Its Importance to the Country or Region Magnesite Mineral Ore is an essential raw material for manufacturing refractory materials used by Iron & Steel Industry. This is a rare mineral available in Salem region of Tamil Nadu State and also found in other states like Uttarakhand, Karnataka and Jammu & Kashmir. Magnesite of Salem region is relatively low in Calcium oxide. Salem Magnesite reserves are famous worldwide for its Cryptocrystaline structure, which is best suited for manufacturing refractory bricks. The above said project plays significant role in meeting the refractory requirements of Iron & Steel industry.

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

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Dunite and Pyroxinite are preferred as flux to dolomite as a source of MgO in sintering and also in Iron & steel Industry. Dunite is also useful in construction industry, Dunite rocks are used for construction of aggregates, construction of roads etc. Dunite is having refractory properties and plays a significant role in Refractory Industry. This is also a rare mineral mainly available in Salem region of Tamil Nadu State and also found in Karnataka. Generally Magnesite and Dunite are minerals which coexists while Mining.

2.4 Demands-Supply Gap

Large demand of Dunite and Magnesite mineral is for Iron and Steel industry, many other industrial uses and can be used as mined or processed into a wide variety of products etc. There are sufficient reserves of Magnesite and Dunite in the State as well as country which can meet the domestic demand.

2.5 Imports vs. Indigenous Production The demand for Magnesite and Dunite is ever growing with the growth of the iron & steel and Refractory sector in our country. The mineral is used for the refractory activities. The requirement for the mineral is always high in the India to meet the refractory requirements for Iron & Steel and other industry. Therefore there is always a good demand of the mineral in the domestic market.

2.6 Export Possibility

There is no proposal to export the Mineral.

2.7 Domestic/Export Markets

The mining activity is for Captive use for SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL). No possibility of export of minerals from this lease.

2.8 Employment Generation (Direct and indirect) due to the Project

Project has created many direct and indirect employments within the surrounding region. In operational phase, the project requires significant workforce of non-technical and technical persons. Unit makes its efforts to employ local people from nearby villages depending upon the availability of skilled and unskilled man-power surrounding the project site. This project operation provides livelihood to the poorest section of the society.

3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Type of Project Including Interlinked and Interdependent Projects, If Any

The present proposal is of Magnesite and Dunite mineral mining over an area of 101.35 Ha at Jaghir Ammapalayam, Taluk-Salem, District-Salem, Tamil Nadu By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL).

The mineral excavated and directly transported to SAIL Refractory Company Limited factory. This is an independent mining project and there is no interlinked project involved.

As per EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 and as amended, the project activity falls under Category ‘A’ due to Mining lease area is more than 50 Ha.

3.2 Location

The mine site is located at Village- Jaghir Ammapalayam, Taluk- Salem, District-Salem, Tamil Nadu and is about 6 Kms from Salem town. The lease area falls in the Survey of India Toposheet no. 58 I/2. The lease area is approachable by a panchayat road from Karuppur towards Vellalapatti road which is connected by mud road. Location map of the Project site is presented in Figure 1. Key plan is attached as Annexure-V.

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

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3.3 Details of Alternate Sites

Since it is a mining project which is site specific activity and lease is granted for this land by Govt. of Tamil Nadu, no alternative site study done.

3.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation

Mining is proposed for annual RoM of 41857 MTPA of the Magnesite and Dunite minerals from the lease area of 101.35 Ha by open cast mechanized method of mining.

Figure 1: Location map of the Study Area

3.5 Project description with process details

Method of Mining

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

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Open cast mechanized method is adopted for exploitation of Magnesite and Dunite minerals from this area, i.e. mineral handling and sorting by manual means and spoil removal by excavator and dumper combination. After drilling and blasting, Spoils/ROM generated dumped and spreaded over on spoil banks, and labours are engaged to collect, dress and stack the magnesite accordingly to size as Lumps (>75 mm), small (25-75 mm) and jelly (10-25mm). The usable magnesite is transported for the captive use in the factory for sintering and manufacturing of light calcined magnesia. Dunite is by product, such fresh Dunite released after blasting is being subjected to sizing by manual breaking and sold for dumag refractory manufacturing and as foundry sand. Recovery of fresh Dunite is estimated as 2% of the spoil from serpentinuous Dunite. Sub-grade magnesite which contain more silica and friable type are stocked for future process or sold for fertilizer purpose.

3.6 Raw Material Required (Along With Estimated Quantity, Likely Source, Marketing Area of Final Product/s, mode of Transport of Raw Material and Finished Product

No raw material is required in this mining project. The operation involves excavation of Magnesite and Dunite mineral in its existing form and transported to the SAIL Refractory Company Limited factory.

A. The Mineral production (MT) for the Next 5 years plan period is given below:

Table 1.2: Year Wise Mineral Production from 2016 to 2021 (Rich & Moderate section of the mine)

Year Mineralization ROM (MT)

Recovery Production (MT)

Waste 94% (MT)

2016-2017 RICH 41664 6 % 2500 39164

2017-2018 RICH 11520 6 % 691 10829

RICH 30134 6 % 1808 28326

2018-2019 RICH 41676 6 % 2501 39175

2019-2020 RICH 41857 6 % 2511 39346

2020-2021 RICH 41664 6 % 2500 39164

Total 208515 12511 196004

Source: Review of Mining Plan at Page NO.47 & 82

Average Mineral Production ~ 2500 MT Highest Mineral production= 2511 MT Highest RoM during the plam period will be = 41,857 MT

Total RoM for the plan period will be 2,08,515 MT with maximum capacity of 41,857 MT. The production of mineral (Magnesite & Dunite) from the ROM is about 6% based on the type of rich grade of material in the mine, however, the Recovery of fresh Dunite is estimated as 2% of the spoil.

Table 1.3: Year wise mineral production

Year RoM (MT) Mineral Production Waste 2016-17 41664 2500 39164 2017-18 41654 2499 39155 2018-19 41676 2501 39175 2019-20 41857 2511 39346

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

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2020-21 41664 2500 39164 Total 208515 12,511 1,96,004

A. Land Requirement

The proposed mining project has lease area of 101.35 Ha and the land is Revenue unassessed waste land. This land is free from forest area.

B. Man Power Requirement

For safe and systematic mining sufficient technical and supervisory staff is being provided at the mine site as per detailed below in the table. Preference will be given to locals for employment:

Table 1.4: Man Power Requiremnt

S. No. Category of Manpower Proposed Manpower Requirement 1. Mines Manager 1

2. Asst. Mines Manager 2 3. Mining Engineer 1 4. Mines Foreman 2 5. Staffs 32 6. Skilled ,unskilled workers and semi skilled 20

Total 58 Source: Review of Mining Plan at Page NO. 59

3.7 Resource Optimization/ Recycling and Reuse

Minerals are depleting asset once mined; they cannot be replenished like agriculture, vegetation thus a scientific approch is being taken up in exploitation of mineral with systematic method. Thus, resource optimization/ recycling and reuse are not envisaged in this project.

3.8 Availability of Water, its Source, Energy/ Power Requirement and Source

3.8.1 Water Requirement

Thus total water requirement is 30.00 KLD. This water is being supplied from the available bore holes present in the mining lease area.

Total Water Requirement(30.0 KLD)

Dust Suppression(15.0 KLD)

Domestic(5.0 KLD)

Plantation(10.0 KLD)

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

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3.8.2 Power

The electric power is not being used for the process of mining. Only HSD Fuel is being required for operating machineries. The operation will be done in day time in one shift therefore required electricity for lighting arrangement will be made as per Regulation 146 of MMR 1961.

3.8.3 Liquid Effulent

No liquid effulent is being generated at the mine site due to the mineral excavation.

3.8.4 Extent of Mechanization

The machineries required for mining will be as follows:

Table 1.5: Extent of Mechanization

S. No. Name of equipment Make Quantity 1. Wagon Drill Atlas Copco 1

2. Track Shovel BEML 1 3. Compressor Atlas Copco 1 4. Rear Dumper (Jessop) Jessop 1 5. Hydraulic Excavator CK 90 LT Poclain 1 6. Dozer -- 1

Source: Review of Mining Plan at Page NO. 44

3.9 Schematic Representations of the Feasibility Drawing

As per EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006, as amended till date, the project activity falls under Category ‘A’ due to mining area is more than 50 ha i.e. of 101.35 Ha. It requires appraisal by EAC, MoEF&CC, GOI New Delhi for grant of Environmental Clearance.

4.0 SITE ANALYSIS

4.1 Connectivity

Mineral is being transported by tippers/ trucks. Mine lease area is connected with metaled road which further joins NH 7.

Connectivity Details from Project Site:

S. No. Particulars Details 1. Nearest Highway NH – 7, ~0.5 Km, passing between two blocks 2. Nearest Railway Station Salem Railway station ~3.0 Km, SE 3. Nearest Airport Salem Air port ~7.00 Km, NW

4.2 Landform, Landuse and Land ownership

The lease area is generally plain terrain. The elevation rang is 295m MSL to 335m MSL.

Table 1.6: Land Use Pattern

S.No. Description Area put on use at start of plan % of Use

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

20

S.No. Description Area put on use at start of plan % of Use 1. Area Under Mining 16.26 16 % 2. Waste Dump 15.46 15 % 3. Mine Roads 1.00 1 % 4. Safety Area & Green Belt 2.66 3 % 5. Infrastructure 2.00 2 % 6. Storage of topsoil ---- --- 7. Mineral Storage 1.00 1 % 8. Virgin Area 9.90 10 % 9. IT Park Area 53.05 52 % Total 101.35 100

Source: Review of Mining Plan at Page NO.64 4.3 Topography The mining lease area is a subdued topography with elevation ranges from 295 m 499 m above MSL. No river or pond or any other water bodies are located nearby except a seasonal odai track. General gradient is due west in 1:100. No much agriculture activities around 500 m. Seasonal crops like maize, cotton are very common.

4.4 Existing Land Use Pattern and shortest distances from Forests, Water bodies, Eco sensitive areas, etc.

The entire mining lease lies within the revenue, unassessed waste land –Non forest.

A). Forests

There is no Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuary, Tiger Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, etc. is present within 10 km radius.

B). Water Bodies: No water body within 10 Km radius.

C). Eco Sensitive Area: None

4.5 Existing Infrastructure All necessary infrastructures for Site services have been developed as per Mines Rules 1955. First–Aid stations with all necessary medical facilities, Toilets as per provision of Mines Rules has been developed.) 4.6 Regional geology and Local geology a) Regional geology:

The South Indian shield is composed of Archaean and Proterozoic rocks of Tamil Nadu. It is a classical region for the study of different satges of crustal evolution and is also one of the extensively studied Pre-cambian terrains in the world. The South Indian shield is flanked by Mesozole, Tertiary and Quaternary sediments to the east and West. It is truncated by the Godavari garden towards North and partially masked by the late proterozoic basin (Cuddapah, Kaladgi, Badami and bhima) towards North-east and cretaceous to Tertiary flood basalts (Deccan Traps) towards North-west. The ultramafic rocks generally show evidenced of greater weathering in caomparison to the adjacent gneissic country rocks. The depth of weathering in dunite extents up to 40 m, while in the gneissic country rocks, its ranges 5 to 15 m. The degree of weathering in these rocks is controlled by irregular fracture patterns. The regional ground water table is confirmed to the sum of weathering. The weathered soils of ultramafic rocks like dunite and peridolite show yellowish red color. Potessium rich rocks show mostly spheroidal weathering. Many well sections show spheroidal boulders of shonkinite.

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

21

Magnesite in the area occurs as criss-cross veins traversing from less than a centimeter to as much as 1 m. However, only 20 t0 25 % of the reserves are of grade-I with <5% silica. Generally MgO varies from 43-46.5 % while SiO2 varies from 4-8 and exceed 10 % at some places.

The geological setting of the lease area with respect to its stratigraphic position is given below:-

Description Age Top soil - Recent (Red Soil) Magnesite veins - Archaean Age Potassic rocks (Shonkinite groups) - Archaean “ Quartz veins and Pegmatite - Archaean “ Ultra Mafic rocks - Archaean “ Peninsular gneisses - Archaean “ Charnockite - Archaean “

4.7 Environmental Settings (Secondary Sources)

a) Drainage: There is no water body like river or pond or lakes are around 500 m from the lease hold area. No pumping is required to pump out ground water as the mining extends only 10 m of depth and the ground watre is found to be fluctuated between 38-40 m. There is no impact on natural drainages from this small manual mines.

b) Climatic condition: Climate is very much broader than weather, climate is an expression of the syntheses of day to day changes of metrological elements. Temperature and precipitated from the general backbone of the climate. Hot and dry climate is prevailing around Nagaramlai. The hottest months in the area under investigation are March, April and May. The heart declines to some extent on the outbreak of the south east monsoon. The southwest monsoon prevails during the months of June to September, whereas the North-east monsoon occurs during the months of October, November and December. The average rainfall in the study area during South-west monsoon period is 465 mm and during the North-east monsoon it is 302 mm. The maximum temperature ranges from 250C to 400C. The minimum temperature varies from 120C to 200C. The relative humidity percentage ranges from 60% to 90 %. Highest relative humidity values are during south-west monsoon period.

c) Vegetation: Mostly Acacia bushes, Neems, Pungun, Aylanthus, Nelli, Bomboo, Casuarina and Tamarind are found more on regional scale. The Company has developed trees like Teak, Tamarind, Casuarinas’ and other regional trees etc.

d) Infrastructure: No building places of special interest like, archeology, etc., are found in the radius of 10 Km. Small villages temples are located in the nearby the lease boundary but far away from the working area.

g) Human settlements : The nearby villages with their population and distance are given as under,

Name of VIllage Direction Distance from Mines (Km) Population Senkaradu North ~0.18 5879 Karuppur South ~1.5 8976 Chettichavadi East ~2 7706 Mungilpadi West ~1 6899

h) Social Infrastructure available:

Table 1.8: Social Infrastructure Available

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

22

Nearest Railway Station Salem Railway Station ~3.0 Km in SE direction Nearest Airport Salem Airport ~7.00 Km in NW direction Nearest Hospital Manipal Hospital Vellakalpatti ~0.85 Km in W direction Nearest School Neelambal Subramaniam Higher Secondary School~2.37 Km in SE direction Nearest Police-Station Kannankuruchi ~6 Km in SE direction

Biological Environment

There is no Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuary, Tiger Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, etc. within 10 km radius. However there is Nagarmalai RF in East direction within 10 Km radius.

5.0 PLANNING BRIEF

5.1 Planning Concept

Opencast mechanized method of mining is proposed in the lease area. Production will be carried out by excavator and transportation of mineral to final destinations.

5.2 Population Projection

Man power requirement for the proposed mining project is estimated to be 58 persons. Most of the employees is being recruited from neighboring village depending upon the availability of skilled and unskilled people. Migration of highly educated and skilled person will take place but it will be temporary basis. So there will be no permanent migration of people, hence there will be no population projection.

5.3 Assessment of Infrastructure Demand (Physical and Social)

Temporary office and stores is being provided in the mining area. Specified first-aid station with all necessary facilities is being maintained at the project site office and the rest shelter as per Mines Act- 1952. Medical facilities, primary health center are there in the area, imparting services for advanced medical facility. Communication server like post office and telephones are available in the nearby villages.

5.4 Amenities/Facilities

Manager's Office: One competent Manager is being required to supervise the mining operations. An office for Manager 5 x 3 meters is being provided at the central location of quarry. An additional room for other supervisory staff is also proposed at each mine.

Canteen -cum-rest shelter: In order to provide the rest shelter for the workers working in the mine and also to provide tea etc. the arrangement has been made and installed a rest shelter-cum-canteen at each quarry and is being utilized by the workers. The rest shelter is being for having rest during the lunch hours by the workers/ labor. The size of rest shelter shall be about 10 x 3 meter to accommodate the workers.

First Aid Room: To provide the first aid for any sort of injuries encountered during the mining operation, one small first aid room is being provided at each sub block. First aid kit and sufficient stock of material/medicines needed for first aid is being provided as per requirement. As the Mining Engineer/Manager and Mining Mates are qualified first aiders, they can provide first aid to the labor on the spot.

. Crèche: No woman employment is proposed in mine operation. However, in case of women workers are employed for other ancillary works like minor road repair, plantation etc, arrangement for a small crèche is being made as per the requirement.

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

23

Electricity Supply: Electric connection is being taken for office and security purpose from the near bye sub-station of Electricity Board.

Water Supply: The water supply for drinking purpose proposed is being made available by hired tanker.

Transport of Men and Material: Employee report to the duty on own means. The material from the mine is being transported by trucks/ tippers.

Communication: Mobile phones is being used for communication.

Security Arrangements: Appropriate security arrangement is being made.

6.0 PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE

Infrastructure which is required for exploitation of Magnesite and Dunite is already available, these are given below:

6.1 Industrial Area (Processing Area)

There is no processing plants exists within the scope of mining operation. Temporary arrangements like site office, rest shelters and approach roads etc shall be provided.

6.2 Residential Area (Non Processing Area)

No residential colonies are existing in the lease area as the workers are deployed from nearby villages that is commute to the lease area.

6.3 Green Belt

M/s SRCL has already started plantation at the mine lease area. The green belt has been developed as per approved eco-friendly mine lease plan and as per CPCB guidelines. Further, greenbelt shall be developed by planting saplings per year and indigenous species with the consultation of the State Forest Department shall be planted and maintained.

Table 1.9: Greenbelt Programme

Year Location of afforestration

Area (Ha.)

No. of saplings

Species to be Planted Expected Rate of survival of

Plant 2016-17

(Proposed) Avenue trees and Dumps of J. Main

mines southern side

0.50 Ha. 200 Pungum, casuarian and other regional trees

80%

2017-18 (Proposed)

Avenue trees and Dumps of J. Main

Eastern side

0.50 Ha. 200 Pungum, casuarian and other regional trees

80 %

2018-19 (Proposed)

Avenue trees and Dumps of J. Main

mines Northern side

0.50 Ha. 200 Pungum, casuarian and other regional trees

80 %

2019-20 (Proposed)

Green belt parallel to NH-7 with in the A.S.

Jaghir lease area

0.50 Ha. 200 Pungum, casuarian and other regional trees

80 %

2020-21 (Proposed)

Old Dumps of A.S. Jaghir mines

0.50 Ha. 250 Pungum, casuarian and other regional trees

80 %

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

24

Source: Review of Mining Plan at Page NO.86

6.4 Social infrastructure • Road facility • Employment opportunity, • Medical camps, • Social awareness camps, • Donations to schools, • Secondary employment opportunities, • Formation of self help groups for the women in nearby villages.

Table1.10: Corporate Social Responsibility

S. No. Description Cost Total /5 year (Lakhs) 1. Providing Sanitary Facilities to Jaghir Ammapalayam,

Mottur, Vellakkalpatti, Mamangam Govt. School, Solar Lighting etc

1.0

5.0

2.

Books, Training, Scholarships/ Awards in the name National Leader 1.00

10.0 Health care to the villages in buffer zone 1.00

3.

Maintenance of village road or providing funds to local body or Prime Minister Fund on Socio economic Development and relief measures.

1.00 5.0

TOTAL (Lakhs) 20.00

Source: Review of Mining Plan at Page NO. 63-64

6.5 Sewerage System

No sewerage system is proposed. However for sanitation purpose portable toilets are made available.

6.6 Industrial Waste Management

Not applicable

6.7 Solid Waste management

As stated in mining method, there will be waste generation of 1,96,004 MT in 5 years plan period. Details are given above in table no. 1.3. The waste is being dumped in to the dumping yards.

6.8 Power Requirement and Supply/Source.

All the activities is being carried out in a mechanized manner. The material is being excavated and loaded directly into, tippers and dumpers by the diesel run excavator cum loaders.

7.0 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND COST ESTIMATES

7.1 Likely date of start of construction and likely date of completion.

Project is already in operation since the grant of lease to the M/s BSCL. M/s SRCL has got possession over this mine in 2011 and are operating the mine since 2011.

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Mining of Magnesite & Dunite (Mine Lease Area 101.35 Ha, Production Capacity-ROM 41857 MTPA) PFR Villages– Jaghir & Ammapalayam Taluk- Salem, District-Salem (Tamil Nadu) By M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

25

7.2 Estimated project cost along with Analysis in terms of economic viability of the Project

The Capital cost of the proposed Project is approximately 3.00 Crores and Recurring Cost of the proposed project is Rs. 31,87,500.

Viability of the Project

i. Per annum mineral production = 2500 MTPA ii. Production cost of Mineral = Rs. 1275 per MT

iii. Sale value of Mineral = 1600 per MT iv. Profit = Sale Value – Production Cost = Rs.1600-1275 =Rs. 325/- MT v. Estimated profit per annum = 325 x 2500 = Rs. 8,12,500 / Annum

As per the above calculation, the above project is viable.

8.0 FUND PROVISION FOR EMP MEASURES

Following provisions are proposed to be taken for improving, control and monitoring of environment protection measures.

Table 1.10: Budget for EMP

S.NO. Budget Provision During Plan Period of five Years 1. Afforestation planting and securing 15,000.00 2. Air Sampling 1,08,000.00 3. Water Sampling 75,000.00 4. Noise Level Survey 2,00,000.00

Total 3,98,000.00 Source: Review of Mining Plan at Page NO.104

The protection measures are being dynamic and subject to periodic review so that measures remain effective and appropriate.

9.0 ANALYSIS OF PROPOSAL (RECOMMENDATIONS)

The Project will bring economical benefits to the state by way of royalty on the mineral excavated and despatched. Dunite and Magnesite have many industrial uses and can be used as mined or processed into a wide variety of products. It is the raw material for a large variety of construction, and industrial materials.The mine management will also help nearby villages by providing aid to school, conducting medical and social awareness camps, helping in formation of self help groups, etc. Thus the project will bring about socio-economic improvement of the area and is prove beneficial to the area.

*************

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8\\IJ.\I;.lji~.;;t:- ''l'i-u..n.zi;le~ ~f ~~o:::f.n:J~.ct!Cli~CY Unit ·:llli" .M/IIl -:."JE.U)Il'lll'n Sbu.~dvu·d ca .• . JL.td. roscu:.r ···l&..:· s~em (~.ith ~ :~~~~ .:.~h~:J·,;?U.ilt'Wlfl.ti~~a~~ ·to .. st~flJl.

·· Authority of hldl~ Ltd. (SAIL) under Ml~~try of Stetaf (MoS).-. } : . . . . : . .. ·: ~. . , .

.., ........ The undcn;igncd is directed to re.fer thi~ Department'~ ·letter

.No.8[12)/2009-PE III dated 15.9.2010 on the subj~t cited above , wh.eret,y . D¢pa.rtrnent of Heavy. Indust::ry h a d ordered tra.:qsf~r:or' tl1.e 'Reiracto:~,y· l.Jnit.·,of BSCL at Salem with all assets, -li'-':bilities;·: .. :cigbts./-.artd .obliga.tion~c to,::-St;;eJ.f·: .. Authority of India. (SAIL) under Ministry of Steel (J.'v.10;$) · ~·· . e .. f. 15.9.2010. ···-:.:·'·:, ::'.

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2. As per· the administrative appro"va1 of t,l:;l.e competent a'4tlioi:i~;­conveyed vide .Department of Heavy lndustry's lettc:r No. 8(1 2)/200~rPEJI1 d~ted · 6.8.2010 icfpara ( ~>\)(vii)), tl.'le Refracto:.."'Y Unit ~t Salem ·( ... dth. e.ll .ass.ets , ru"'td t~abilities ) is to be tran9fe:-red to Stee t Auth.pn.'I:'J of Indla Ltd. {8A1Lj . undcr·· ~ifinl.stry .of Steel (MOS) end the Depnrtm.ent·:of Heavy [ndustry {Dill) and lvlinistry of Steel ().\1:08) would work qut the operational stc,ps tor trrinsf¢r; ·varuatibii'ruiiradjbstrnent ·or NctVlil'q:<f1rl"J3GCL's · book~f or-a~count against accumulated Jo~&es b~ing written offJ etc. " jn cori~ultatiop. With · · Ministry of Corporate At'f~r5 .. Further t.he ·B~ !o~:::~ndustri~. & Fjf!.e.~c;:.i~ . ReconstrUction {B1FR) vi~e; let~er N_o.508/l~:94 · ~~tt)cr:~r9_._:401.0 has aJ:t~x:o~ed U"'l.e tra.nsfe:t-of ~cfle!-ctory U~-·it of E}$CL to s.~'.U.n~?.". ¥.~n~atry qf ~te~l/", .· ... . : .

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3. A. Joint TGt~k ,Fo~qe wa}.: constituted by · M_i_q.l.stry· of Steel vid~ Order No.l(2)/ 2009-SAI.L-RS(Vpl.H) elated . 28_6.2011 to ·. oversee ~c ;s~ooth. ta}{eover. of the l~cf:ractofY Unit of BSCL at Sale~ P,Y SAIL . . Vanou~ 1s::n~cs_ .

have been dclibera,ted ·in the Joint Task Force Mccting"Q he l.d <m 25.7.~011 ,

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Ashok K
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Page 31: PRE FEASIBILITY REPORTenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/19...20 years from 01.09.2001 to 31.08.2021, and is under deemed extension. Being a captive mine, further

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11.8:20 11, 11 anq. :21.10.2011. SAIL il)d.icated that they wm.tld tak eover assata1 ties, rights. and obligations of the Salern Refractory· U:nit . of BSCL a newly created wholly owned subsidiary of .SAIL under section 293 1(l) (a) of the Companies Act 1956. The Joint Taelc I;"orce decided that the· effective .date of .trcm~fer . of Rcfnu:toxy Unit of Salem would h.-; the C\ate of -sign:iug the S.alej'Tnm:sfer Deed between BSCL and SAIL. SAIL haa $formed~ a subsidiary company "SAIL Refractory Co. Limited" fpr the purpose of. takeover of Refractory Unit of BSCL at SaJ~m. I t has also been decided that the Sal'~ Detd will be sign.ed by th.e parties an lut December,_ 2011. ·

~- . The procedure for -cxe.cution or Sale Deed may ta,.ke some time. The refore, in partiaJ modificati.on.oLthis. De.pa.rtment's OM d,a.ted 15.9.2010, the date of transfer of Refractory Unit of 13urn Standard Co. Ltd., .at Salem with all .as6ets, "ligbilities, lights arl'd obligatiqns to Steel Authority of hidia l~td. (SAfL)'~ · wholl:y· owned subsidiaiy, "SAIL Refr~otory Co. Ltd." I which has been ~specially created for thls purpose, under l'wlinistry of Steel; shall be v&".e. f. 1~ December, 2011, th-e date of signing of Sale Deed between BSCL and SAJ . .L (or its subs~diary) . ·

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(Ma,x1jlt Kumar) Qc puty Secre~ry to the G-ovt. of lndia .

Tele 23061565·

Ministry of Rail:ways, ,. (Attn: Shri"Vinay Mitt.al, Chairman) · Railwajr ·Board; Rail Bha.\'-'arl, Ne•v/Ddhi

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2. Secretary~ Ministry of Steel, Udyog Bhawe..n, New D elhi

· copy to:

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Chairman, .Steel Authority of Indi~ Limi~d. ls:pat Bhawa.t,1, Lodhi Rqc-td, N(:w .Delhi . · · · . · ~MD~ · J.1har.at Bhari Udyog. Nigam. q.mit~d. 26) ._f{aja Sa ntosh ··Roac;l, Kolkata -700027 · .. . Managing .pirector, Bunl. Stlil.Il:qard· Co. Ltd., ~2~B 1 Raj~ Santos11: Road, Kolkata -700027 .Cabinet Secretariat, Ra~htrapati Bhawa.n, Ne"' Delhi. Secretary·, De~tment of Public Enterpri~~. CGO complex. Lodhi Road. New Del11i. . __ .. .. . --... ~ - ·~- . . . . ____ .... ·. .. ·· .... ·· -Bench-·- Oft1cer~~·a.cnc{t~1,· Eo"ard 'for I:b.CiUstr;ial financial. Reconstr;uction,

.J~wa,har· Vyapar Bhawa,ri, New Delhi . . · . Secretary, _Bqard ~or Reconstruc:t10n of Pub_lic Sector · ffinterprises (BRPSE); Departrn~t of Pu.blic Eriterprise:s, qqo complex, New/ Delhi . . The Di{ect~r of.A1.1.d"j.t Commerce Works & 1\IH~c., 'l;p Estate, New!nelhi. Registrar of. Companie:~, Kal.k.at.a. ·· . 1 •

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... •

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Rcg.iso.-ar of Companies, Chennai DGM, I;{un:i Standard Co. Limited, Salem Works, S<:uem (T.N.) PS to Minister (HI&PEI· . PS ·t o ~Hl/PS to AS&FA CCA/PAO/B&A./ lFW, DHl Gua,.rd File

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Page 33: PRE FEASIBILITY REPORTenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/19...20 years from 01.09.2001 to 31.08.2021, and is under deemed extension. Being a captive mine, further

78°12'30"E78°10'0"E78°7'30"E78°5'0"E78°2'30"E11°4

7'3

0"N

11°4

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STUDY AREA MAP OF THE 10 KM RADIUS

TOPOSHEET NO. 58 E 14 , 58 I 1 58 I 2µ

LEASE AREA

1:50000Lease Area

0 2.5 5 7.5 101.25Kilometers

Key PlanProject:Magnesite And Dunite Major & Minor Mineral(101.35 Hectare)Village Jhagirammapalayam Taluk Salem District Salem, Tamil Nadu

Project Proponent:M/s SAIL Refractory Company Limited (SRCL)

Environment Consultant:Vardan EnvironetQCI-NABET Accrediate Environement Consultant Cetificate No. NABET/EIA/1316/IA001

Prepared: Reviewed: Approved By:

Mr. Bhagwan

Sahay

Dr. Vivek

Narayan Singh

Mr. R.S. Yadav

A

B

C

D

E

F

a

bc

d

ef

North Block

Pillar No. Latitude Longitude

a N11°41'59.35842" E78°06'20.31761"

b N11°42'07.48869" E78°06'21.66459"

c N11°42'20.08361" E78°06'32.03923"

d N11°42'13.64251" E78°06'55.06761"

e N11°42'05.11641" E78°06'48.83841"

f N11°42'12.20541" E78°06'35.40846"

Pillar No. Latitude Longitude

A N11°41'59.35842"

E78°06'20.31761"

B N11°42'40.08411" E78°06'16.97251"

C N11°42'29.19841" E78°06'48.30711"

D N11°42'17.10854" E78°06'58.98481"

E N11°41'47.88213" E78°06'27.37432"

F N11°42'12.20541" E78°06'35.40846"

South Block

Legend

Study Area

Lease Area

Page 34: PRE FEASIBILITY REPORTenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/19...20 years from 01.09.2001 to 31.08.2021, and is under deemed extension. Being a captive mine, further

Sir.,

From

Thiru.A.Aru m uga na i na r., M. Sc.,Deputy Director,Dept. of Geology and Mining,Collecto.rate,Salem-636 001.

To

Tvl. Burn Standard Company,Salem

Extent

48.13.018.09.035.13.0101.35.0

Roc.333/2017lMines A/ Dated 11.05.2017.

Sub: Mines and Minerals - Salem District - Major Mineral- Magnesite and Dunite lease granted to Tvl. BurhStandard Company, Salem Salem Taluk- JagirAmmapalayam Village - S.F.Nos. 9/1 (48.13.0), 1/L(18.09.0), and L63/L (35.13.0) - over an extent of101.35.0'Hectres - Magnesite and Dunite - Mineswas stopped after t0.L.20t7 requested - Forobtaining MOEF - Details Furnished - Reg.

Ref : 1 G.O.3(D) No. (Ms) 51 Industries (D1)Department dated. 2.2.1987 .

Tvl. Sail Refractory Company Ltd, Salem letterNo Nill dated .05.2017

,<r<**r<

In the reference 1st cited,. MininE lease was granted to

M/s. Burn Standard Company Ltd, Salem for mining

Magnesite and Duriite in the following village of Salem Taluk

as mentioned below:

Sl.No Village , S.F.No

1. Jagir Ammapalayam gltLlLL63ltTotal

Vardan
Typewritten Text
Annexure-V
Page 35: PRE FEASIBILITY REPORTenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/19...20 years from 01.09.2001 to 31.08.2021, and is under deemed extension. Being a captive mine, further

As per Ministry of Environment and Forest notification

so.695(E) dated,04.04.20tt prior Environmental clearance is

required at the stage of renewal of mining.

since Tvl.Burn standard company Limited has not obtained

Environmental Clearance from.Ministry of Environmental & Forest

and climate change Mining activity was stopped from Lo.t.2oL7.

Dept. of G

@,,\\>

Page 36: PRE FEASIBILITY REPORTenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/19...20 years from 01.09.2001 to 31.08.2021, and is under deemed extension. Being a captive mine, further

From

Thiru.A.Arumu gonoinor.,M.Sc.,Deputy Director,Dept. of Geology ond Mining,Collectorote,Solem-636 001.

To

Tvl. Burn Stondord Compony,Solem.

Roc.333/2017lMines A/ Doted f .05.2017.

Sir.,

Sub: Mines ond Minerols - Solem District - Mojor Minerol -Mognesiie ond Duniie leose gronted to Tvl. BurnStondord Compony, Solem Solem Toluk- Jogir.Ammopoloyom Villoge - S.F.Nos.glt {4S.13.0}, 111(18.09.0). ond 16311 (35.13.0) - over on extent of,I01.35.0

Hectres - Mognesite ond Dunite productiondetoils requested - For obtoining MOEF - DeioilsFurnished - Reg.

Ref : G.O.3(D) No. (Ms) 51 lndustries (Dt) Deportmentdoted. 2.2.1987.

2 Tvl. Soil Refroctory Compony Ltd, Solem letter NoNill doted .05.2017

*****

In the reference lst cited, Mining leose wos gronted to M/s. Burn

Stondord Compony Ltd, Solem for mining Mognesite ond Dunite in Solem

it-liuk oi jughir Anirncrpoioycrnr Viiil:ae, lj.F.i'ios. ?ii (4s.13.0), iii (js.o?.0),

ond ,l63/l (35.]3.0), over on extent of 10].35.0 Hectres for o period ol 20

yeors from 0].09.,l98.l to 3l .8.200] ond renewol opplied on ls.2.2ooo.

ln the reference 2no ciied, Tvr. Soir Refroctory compony Ltd hos

requested to furnish the production detoils of Mognesite ond Dunite of Tvl.

/

Vardan
Typewritten Text
Annexure-VI
Vardan
Typewritten Text
Page 37: PRE FEASIBILITY REPORTenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/19...20 years from 01.09.2001 to 31.08.2021, and is under deemed extension. Being a captive mine, further

Burn Stondord Compony Limiied from 1?94-95 lo 2016-17 for obtoining

cleoronce from MoEF.

ln this connection, the detoils.of Mognesite ond Dunite permitted

from 1994-95 to 2016-17 in respeci of Tvl. Burn Stond compony, solem os

per this office records is follows.

sl.No.

Yeor Mognesite in M.TG.O. No.5l

Dunite in M.TG.O. No.5l

I 1994-1995 4000 0

2 1995-1996 2000 0

3 199 6-1997 2000 0

4 1997-19?B 3750 0

5 1998-1?99 3750 0

6 1999-2000 6500 0

7 2000-2001 6600 0

8 2001-2002 7430 0

9 2002-2003 B1 50 0

r0 2003-2004 97sQ 0

il 2004-2005 9000 U

12 2005-2006 8000 0

r3 2006-2007 70000

14 2007-2008 5000 0

t5 2008-2009 6000 0

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16 2009-2010 00

17 2010-2011 00

.l8201 1-2012 r /000

,l 2000

19 2012-2013 5s000

2013-2014 68000

21 2014-2015 45000

22 2015-2016 5700 0

l3 2016-2017 45000

DepDept. of

{,:E

€'*

20