pre-ap biology book: chapters 35 - 40. pre-ap biology book: pages 942 - 955
TRANSCRIPT
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Human Body Systems
Pre-AP Biology Book: Chapters 35 - 40
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Circulatory System
Pre-AP Biology Book: Pages 942 - 955
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FunctionThe Circulatory Systems brings oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells;
fights infections; removes cell wastes; helps to
regulates body temperature
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StructuresHeart
The pump that keeps blood flowing through your body
Blood Vessels Veins
Carry blood towards the heart Arteries
Carry blood away from the heartBlood
Red Blood Cells Carry oxygen to the body cells
White blood cells Defend body against disease
Platelets Cell fragments needed for blood
clotting Plasma
Fluid portion of the blood
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How Does this System Relate to others?
Connected to almost all other systems. Works very closely with the respiratory system and the immune system.
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Respiratory System
Pre-AP Biology Book: Pages 956 - 963
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FunctionThe Respiratory System provides
oxygen needed for cellular respiration
and removes excess carbon dioxide from
the body
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StructuresNose and Mouth
Respiration begins with taking in air
Pharynx (Throat)Larynx
Where your vocal cords are
Trachea (Windpipe) Passes air into the bronchi
Bronchi (singular: Bronchus)
Passes air from trachea to the lungs
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StructuresBronchioles
Each Bronchus in the lungs branches out like a tree into bronchioles
Alveoli Sacs at the end of the
Bronchioles where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
Lungs Diaphragm
Muscle that enables you to breathe
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY
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How Does this System Relate to others?
Circulatory – brings O2 to the cells and CO2 back to the lungsExcretory – part of the excretory system to get rid of toxic CO2 from the body
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Digestive SystemPre-AP Biology Book: Pages 978 -
984
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FunctionThe Digestive System
converts food into simpler molecules that can be used by cells of the body; absorbs
food; eliminates wastesThe entire digestive process
takes between 24 and 33 hours
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StructuresMouth
The first stop in the disassembly of your food;
Mechanical digestion = chewing and Chemical digestion = enzymes found in saliva
Pharynx (throat)Epiglottis
Small flap that closes over the opening of the respiratory system when swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.
Esophagus Muscular tube connecting the
mouth to the stomach
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StructuresLiver
Produces bile, a substance that helps break down fats
Gall Bladder Stores bile produced by the liver
Stomach Muscular pouch like organ where
involuntary muscular churning and chemical digestion occurs
Pancreas Secretes enzymes to help break
down carbohydrates, proteins and fats
Small Intestine Narrow muscular tube where
digestion of food is completed with the help of enzymes secreted by the liver and pancreas
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StructuresVilli (plural: Villus)
Little projections in the lining of the small intestine that function in the absorption of digested food
Large Intestine (colon) Muscular tube where water
and salts are absorbed; material spends 18-24 hours here
Appendix Tube like extension off of the
large intestine Rectum
The last part of the digestive system, feces are eliminated from the rectum through the anus
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How Does this System Relate to others?
Muscular – contains smooth muscleNervous – gets signals that control the rate of digestionCirculatory – broken down food travels through blood vessels to cellsEndocrine – hormones (ex. Insulin) control blood sugar levels