prc pda: sludge beneficial uses (inception report)

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Water Financing Partnership Facili ty

PILOT AND DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITY

PRC-Pilot Study on Beneficial Use of Sludge

INCEPTION REPORT

PREPARED FOR

THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT B ANK M ANILA, PHILIPPINES

BY

WUHAN URBAN DRAINAGE DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD

WUHAN, HUBEI, PRC10 J ANUARY 2009

The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do notnecessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board ofGovernors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the

data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.



Wuhan Urban Drainage Development Co. Ltd. PDA: Beneficial Use of Sludge

1 Inception Report, 10 January 2009

Table of Contents

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. 1

1.1

Project Background ....................................................................... 1

1.2 Implemented work in prophase ..................................................... 2

1.3 Objectives and Scope of the PDA ................................................. 3

1.4 Project Management ..................................................................... 4

1.4.1 Mobilization ............................................................................. 4

1.4.2 Project Management Structure ............................................... 4

1.4.3 Working plan ........................................................................... 8

1.4.4

Reporting and delivering ......................................................... 9

1.4.5

WFPF Funds Management ..................................................... 9

SECTION 2 IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................10

2.1

General ....................................................................................... 10

2.2

Project Site Selection .................................................................. 10

2.2.1 Sludge Source Selection ....................................................... 10

2.2.2 Sludge Hydrolysis Site Selection .......................................... 11

2.2.3 Sludge Hydrolysis Residue Gardening Site .......................... 12

2.3 Pilot-Scale Study Arrangement ................................................... 12

2.3.1 Design and Installation of Sludge Beneficial Use Facility ...... 13

2.3.2 Pilot-Scale Study on Sludge Hydrolysis ................................ 13

2.3.3 Biosolids and Protein Laboratory Analysis ............................ 13

2.3.4 Biosolids Gardening Application and Monitoring ................... 14

2.3.5 End-User Survey ................................................................... 14

SECTION 3

METHOD ............................................................................................15

3.1 Technical Principle ................................................................... 15

3.2

Study method .............................................................................. 15

3.2.1 Study method of extracting protein ...................................... 16

3.2.2 Study of hydrolysis Residue utilization into garden soil ......... 18

SECTION 4 EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES ........................................19

4.1 Outputs:....................................................................................... 19

4.2

Outcomes: ................................................................................... 20

4.3

Impacts:....................................................................................... 20

Appendix A Implementation Schedule

Appendix B Staffing Schedule Appendix C WFPF Funds Distribution Table Appendix D SOE





SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

ADB is currently supporting serials of Wuhan wastewater management project,

including ADB Financed PhaseⅠ (Loan No.1996-PRC): wastewater management,

capacity construction and water quality modeling; ADB Financed Phase Ⅱ (Loan

No.2240-PRC): storm water management, wastewater management, capacity

construction and sludge management. Also, Wuhan is currently preparing a new

project for the solid waste and sludge management (ADB Financed Phase Ⅲ ).

There are 10 wastewater treatment plants (6 of which are financed by ADB) in

operation with total capacity of 1.59 million tons a day (1.0 million ton/day by ADB

Projects), and approximately 500~600 tons of sludge (water content is 80%) is

produced every day. At present, the sludge is transported and disposed at the landfill

plants. According to the Municipal Urban Development General Plan, the landfills in

the suburban area would be shutdown in the next several years and sludge disposal

would become a major issue for the Government as well as WWTPs. As a technical

preparatory work for above mentioned Phase Ⅲ project, Wuhan Urban Drainage

Development Co., Ltd (WUDDC) has conducted the initial bench-scale study and

experiment on beneficial use of sludge, including agricultural application as the

fertilizer, extracting the protein from the sludge and applying the residue in gardening.

The bench-scale study on extracting the protein from the sludge resulted in reduction

of water content in the sludge to 45% (from 80% in the dewatered sludge), thereby

the quantity of sludge to be disposed off at the landfill site or incineration plant would

be significantly reduced. The extracted protein from sludge could apply in the

bricking and fire fighting vesicant. So this study completely accord with the China’s

government requirements related to the sludge reduction, harmless, stability and

reuse.





Wuhan’s strategic location along the Changjiang, commitment to improve

wastewater management and achievement of Government environmental policies

provides an opportunity to invest in environmental management and boost the

wastewater service provision. Surveys show that both the poor and the non-poor arebroadly in support of environmental projects and consider improvements to their

living environment as a priority to improving their quality of life.

To expand the previous bench-scale study of beneficial use of sludge into a pilot-

scale project with WFPF support, WUDDC has applied the PDA fund through ADB

and finally signed the Letter of Agreement (LOA) with ADB on 15 September 2008.

1.2 Implemented work in prophase

Accord with the more and more WWTPs in Wuhan, the sludge disposal is been

serious day by day. The traditional way of dewatering and transporting to landfill, that

isn’t with the pathogeny and odors would cause secondary pollution, and the site

would be less and less to landfill. Wuhan Government specially the WUDDC has

actively conducted the new process of sludge disposal study and obtained some

fruits. In the following would focus on the introduction of study process that the

WUUDC cooperated with Hubei University to utilize the sludge extracting protein.

Before the PDA project, WUDDC was signed the working contract of heating

hydrolysis method to extract the protein study with Hubei University. Hubei University

under the supporting of WUDDC was conducted a serial of bench-scale study,

accomplished main tasks as follows:

Conducted the sludge from Shahu WWTP and Naitaizi WWTP etc, sludge

content measurement and analysis. The result shows, the household wastewater

with high organic content is occupied 80% in Wuhan urban sewer, therefore the

protein content in sludge is up to 40%~65%.

In the bench-scale, under the condition of high temperature, high pressure and

alkali hydrolyzing the sludge to product protein liquid. The experiment shows,

100kg sludge could hydrolyze 13.5kg protein liquid and the protein content is

27%.

The primary clarified sludge, sewer sludge and sludge in different seasons

separately to conduct the hydrolyzing effect experiment that shows: utilizing lime





to hydrolyze is well effected, the primary clarified sludge protein content is about

23~28%, the sewer sludge protein content is above 50%.

The study of hydrolyzed protein, bench-scale study is mainly applied to the fire

fighting powder and foaming beton vesicant. The related analyzing data wassatisfied with the national standard, currently is conducting the deepen study.

The residue (biosolids) after the sludge extracting protein, was totally analyzed

the fertilizer content and heavy metal, the major heavy metal content was lower

than the national sludge agricultural application standard; N, P, K content is

satisfied the gardening planting requirements.

1.3 Objectives and Scope of the PDA

The objective of this PDA is to conduct pilot-scale study following the bench-scale

study, the extracting protein liquid from urban WWTPs. This pilot study is also aimed

to the experiment of utilizing the residue applied to gardening earth, then setup

demonstrating garden.

This study aimed to support and achieve the national sludge disposal” reduction,

stability, harmless, reusing” policy, utilizing the sludge to produce the economical

hydrolyzed protein liquid, and the residue (biosolid) as the gardening earth beneficial

utilizing, then made the sewer sludge maximum utilized.

The PDA would undertake the following tasks:

Task1: Wuhan WWTPs’ sludge content conduct the totally measurement and

analysis, also clean up and analyze the lab data and achievements, based

on the achievement and data， primarily select the pilot-scale experiment

technical parameter;

Taks2 Preparing the proper field achieves the process of extracting protein. It’s

supposed to transport 6~8 tons of packaged sludge from Nantaizi Lake

WWTP to the field, conduct the sludge pilot-scale test, under the high

temperature, high pressure and alkali condition to hydrolyze the sludge, it

would extract 0.8~1.1 tons of protein liquid.

Task3 Achieve the demonstrated garden project. Selecting Wuhan Erlangmiao

WWTP as the site, utilize the hydrolyzed residue to setup the demonstrated





garden area, which is 15 square meters, and then monitoring and analyzing

the growth of different plant.

Task4 Achieve PDA economical and environmental feasibilities analysis, and the

end-user acceptable survey finishing the final report.

1.4 Project Management

1.4.1 Mobilization

After the Working Group from WUDDC established in October 2008, consultants

were selected and engaged in accordance with the Guidelines on the use of

Consultants by Asian Development Bank and its Borrowers dated February 2007.

The international and domestic consultants (the Team) were mobilized on 26

November 2008. The Team Leader and domestic specialists are now residing in

Wuhan. The office accommodation, equipment, support staff and administrative

arrangements are being established.

The initial tasks undertaken by the Consultants include review of project documents

and previous bench-scale study output to ascertain the current status of the project,

conduct interviews and meetings with WUDDC departments and the relevant

agencies to collect information and establish working relationships, selection of

sludge from Nantaizihu WWTP and pilot study site at WJSC, design preparation of

pilot-scale protein extraction facility and preparation of this Inception Report.

1.4.2 Project Management Structure

The main responsibility for implementing this PDA is lodged with the Wuhan UrbanDrainage Development Co., Ltd (WUDDC), which will act as executing agency. The

Figure 1 below shows where WUDDC fits it within the structure of the municipal

government, etc.

Wuhan MunicipalGovernment

Wuhan Water Group

Wuhan Urban Construction &Investment Group





Figure 1. Organizational Structure of WUDDC

The WUDDC is the executing agency for the proposed PDA. The WUDDC is the

implementing agency for the ongoing ADB Phase I and Phase II loan projects.

WUDDC is also responsible for operations and maintenance of wastewater

treatment plants in Wuhan (except Hanxi WWTP).

WUDDC has established a working group comprising people from management and

relevant departments of WUDDC, which will be supported by the consultants and

specialists engaged for the project. The key representatives from the WUDDC are

currently implementing the loan project, who will act as key members of the working

group for this PDA. The working group composition is shown below:

The working group composition

Organization Name Title

Working

Group

from

WUDDC

Mr. Wang Changqing GM, Director of PDA Working Group

Mr. Tian Zhongkai Chief Engineer, Technical Advisor of Working

Group

Mr. Gu Jianxin Deputy GM, Executive Director of Working

Group





Consultants

Mr. Tommy Zhang Team Leader, International Wastewater

Engineering Specialist

Mr. Li Yadong Professor, Hubei University, Domestic

Wastewater Engineering and Sludge Disposal

Specialist

Mr. Li Haibo Professor, Hubei University, Domestic

Wastewater Engineering and Sludge Disposal

Specialist

Ms. Liu Xiaoyan Head of Chief Engineer Office, Assistant

Researcher

Ms. Li Yan Assistant Researcher

Ms. Wang Haibo Secretary, Translator

Mr. Zhong Hao Secretary and Translator





Responsibil ities for PDA Working Group and Consultants

Organization Name Position Responsibi lity

Working

Group

from

WUDDC

Mr.Wang

Changqing

Director In charge of overall Project

Mr. Tian

Zhongkai

Technical

Advisor

Technical advisory of overall Project

Mr. Gu

Jianxin

Executive

Director

Project day-to-day management

Consultants

Mr.Tommy

Zhang

Team

Leader,

International

Wastewater

Engineering

Specialist

Overall project management at consultants

side; Guide and oversee the consulting team

for technical design and processing;

Coordination with EA and Reporting to ADB.

Mr. Li

Yadong

Domestic

Wastewater

Engineering

Specialist

Technical design; Supervision of facility

installation and processing; Chief researcher;

Assistant to Team Leader for other technical

issues.

Mr. Li Haibo Domestic

Wastewater

Engineering

Specialist

Technical design; Supervision of facility

installation and processing; Lab analysis and

research; Design of end-user survey

questionnaire; Assistant to Team Leader for

other technical issues.

Ms.Liu

Xiaoyan

Assistant

Researcher

Assistance to researchers for daily facility

installation and operation for protein

extraction and landscaping monitoring,

sampling and lab analysis assistant; end-user

survey; and other tasks assigned etc.





Ms. Li Yan Assistant

Researcher

Assistance to Consulting researchers for

tasks assigned such as sludge transport

coordination, protein extraction process and

landscaping monitoring; etc

Ms.Wang

Haibo

Secretary,

Translator

/Interpreter

Project office daily operation support and

translation /interpretation, etc.

Mr. Zhong

Hao

Secretary,

Translator

Project office daily operation support and

translation /interpretation, etc.

Consultant Time Input

PositionMonth input

(International)

Month input

(Domestic)

International Wastewater

Engineering Specialist1

Domestic Wastewater Engineering

Specialist6

Assistant Researcher 12

Secretary, Translator 12

total 1 30

1.4.3 Working plan

PDA will be from 2008-11-26 to 2009-6-26, lasted 7 months, the detail as follow:

(a) Selecting WWTP and experiment site for PDA: 1st ~2nd month

(b) Prepare the inception report: 2nd month

(c) The facility and technical designing for the sludge disposal and reuseexperimental: 2nd month





(d) he pilot-scale sludge disposal and reusing facility construction: 2nd ~4th month

(e) The sludge disposal and reuse facility operation and monitoring: 3rd ~5th

month

(f) Prepare the mid-term progress report: 5th month

(g) End user survey: 6th ~7th month

(h) Prepare final report: 7th month

1.4.4 Reporting and delivering

Inception Report: 10 Jan, 2009

Mid-term Report: 30 May, 2009

Final Report: 30 Jun, 2009

1.4.5 WFPF Funds Management

As per the LOA, WFPF funds will be disbursed to WUDDC with the following

schedule: Advance upon signing of LOA, Second milestone upon acceptance of

Inception Report, Third milestone upon acceptance of Mid-Term Report and Fourth

milestone upon acceptance of Final Report.

There were 3 consultancy agreements signed on 5 November 2008 with the

international wastewater engineering specialist and the two domestic wastewater

engineering specialists, with fees at USD17,000, USD6,000 and USD6,000

respectively, of which the two domestic agreements cover the design services for

sludge beneficial use facility.

The Advance of USD20,000 was received by WUDDC in November 2008. By the

end of this reporting period, expenditure payable to WFPF funds USD15,000 has

incurred.

In the next reporting period, agreements for WJSC facility lease and garden

construction (including flowers) will be conducted, so more expenditure is expected

due to system design, installation and longer period compared to this inception stage.





SECTION 2 IMPLEMENTATION

2.1 General

为 To further identify the market application feasibility, this pilot study was proposed

by WUDDC for WFPF funding. Based on the information available from the project

proposal and the agreement signed between WUDDC and WFPF, the Consultants

have further developed the pilot study plan in the following sections.

2.2 Project Site Selection

2.2.1 Sludge Source Selection

With the study of current sludge status in WWTPs in Wuhan (see Figure 1 below),

the Team has confirmed the Nantaizihu WWTP for sludge collection, which has been

in operation since 2005 with stable waste sludge quantity and characteristics as such

considered the typical and stable sludge source for further application. Concurrence

for this pilot study has been issued by the WWTP and WUDDC.





Figure 2. Preliminary Sludge Mass Estimates for All WWTPs

(Source: Sludge Study Report of Wuhan Stormwater and Wastewater Management Project)

2.2.2 Sludge Hydrolysis Site Selection

sludge hydrolysis requires high

temperature, lime dosing and

filtration. Considering the large

quantity of sludge to be used in

the pilot study, and budget

constraint, lease a well

established facility has been

determined during the site

selection. With the local resource

assessment and negotiation, an

initial agreement has been reached with Wuhan Jiabao Sugar Co., Ltd (WJSC), for

renting one set of its protein production facilities, with capacity treatment

Total Dewatered Sludge Quantitie s (kg/day)

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

H a n x i

S a n j i n t a n

N a n t a i z i h u

E r l a n g m i a o

S h a h u

L o n g w a n g z u i

L u o b u z u i

H u a n g j i a h u

H u a n g p u l u

Z h u a n k o u

T a n g x u n h u

C a i d i a n

B e i h u

H u a n g j i a d a w a n

WWTP

S l u d g e M a s s ( k g / d a y )

0% VS Dest ruc tion

25% VS Dest ruc tion

50% VS Dest ruc tion





approximately 6 tones per day. Necessary modifications and adjustments are to be

made on it once the facility is available.

2.2.3 Sludge Hydrolysis Residue Gardening Site

For the ease of gardening management and monitoring in long term, a permanent

garden is proposed in Erlangmiao WWTP, the WUDDC Headquarter and where the

project office is situated. A reserved land has been authorized by the WWTP and

WUDDC for this pilot study, and a 18 m2 garden is to be designed and constructed.

2.3 Pilot-Scale Study Arrangement

In accordance to the PDA Agreement signed between ADB and WUDDC, the

following tasks will be conducted in the remaining project period, in addition to the

site selection completed during this inception stage.

(a) Design and installation of the sludge beneficial use facility

(b) Conduct pilot-scale study on sludge hydrolysis

(c) Analyze the biosolids and hydrolysis byproducts, including environmental

study

(d) Biosolids gardening application and monitoring

(e) End user survey and financial viability analysis





2.3.1 Design and Installation of Sludge Beneficial Use Facility

For the continuation of study methodology from bench scale study, the Consultants

recommended that the design of sludge hydrolysis facility in WJSC is to be

undertaken by the bench study team led by Prof. Li Yadong and Prof. Li Haibo.

Agreements have been signed with Prof. Li Yadong and Prof. Li Haibo as part of the

consultant agreements. The facility design will be based on the production capacity

of the facility leased in WJSC, with the following key parameters:

i. 6 tone/day sludge hydrolysis

ii. 1-2 tone protein liquid extracted

iii. Adjustment of boiler pressure

iv. Replacement of the filter cloth on the frame protein filter

2.3.2 Pilot-Scale Study on Sludge Hydrolysis

WJSC is expected to lease facility to WUDDC, adjustment and installation of devices

if the facility is available, then sludge will be transported from Nantaizihu WWTP for

hydrolysis.

2.3.3 Biosolids and Protein Laboratory Analysis

The purpose of laboratory analysis is to verify the applicability of the biosolids and

protein in terms of heavy metals, nutrients content, to confirm the environmental

sustainability that concluded from the bench-scale study as shown below:

Agricultural standards will be the basis for biosolids analysis as per its intension for

gardening application.

Same laboratories as in bench study will be arranged after the hydrolysis conducted

in WJSC.





2.3.4 Biosolids Gardening Application and Monitoring

According to the 6 tone per day hydrolysis capacity, the garden is to be designed

with scale approx. 18 m2, to utilize the biosolids with a reasonable layer no less than

30mm thick, which is the common soil bed for flower type garden.

The construction of garden is scheduled in March 2009 and completed around the

same time of the sludge hydrolysis.

Different flowers widely planted in Wuhan will be selected for the garden, followed by

a periodical monitoring scheme to observe the growth and flowering differences in

the biosolids and in natural soil.

2.3.5 End-User Survey

The purpose of a pilot study is to verify not only the technical applicability, but also

the market acceptance, therefore, the end-user survey is vital important and the last

step of the study.

From the bench-scale study, both biosolids and hydrolysis byproduct are with market

demand, as gardening soil and vesicantr etc. However, due to budget constraint,

pilot scale application can only be conducted for biosolids gardening application. The

end-user survey is therefore for biosolids only.

A survey questionnaire will be developed once gardening application is completed

and initial monitoring results are available, where there will be data for sludge from

both Shahu WWTP (bench study sludge source) and Nantaizihu WWTP (pilot study

sludge source), for flowers growing results that will be shown to potential end users.

The end-user survey is scheduled in late June 2009.





SECTION 3 METHOD

3.1 Technical Principle

The characteristic of sludge from WWTP is mainly animalcules, protozoa, metazoans,

algae and few unknown organic and inorganic substances, and it contains high

content of protein (50% to 70% in dry sludge). Hydrolyzed protein (Peptide) can be

extracted from sludge through alkali hydrolysis. With the characteristic of froth, a lot

of foam can be generated after stirring and aeration from hydrolyzed protein, which

can be then formed into Protein Firefighting Powder through a serial process such as

adding stabilization liquid, antiseptic, antifreeze. The hydrolysis biosolids consist of

certain amount Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Kalium and other organic elements, which can

be utilized for gardening.

(a) The technology is to convert the sludge into two parts through hydrolysis:

hydrolyzed protein liquid and biosolids (70% volume reduction).

(b) Based on the high protein concentration feature of sludge, the technology

extracts protein, soluble organic and inorganic elements from the pollutants

in sludge, with high temperature, high pressure and high concentration of

alkali process. The final product can be applied as vesicant, which is more

environmental friendly than conventional vesicant.

(c) During the process, unknown organic matters, pathogens animalcules,

disease eggs are killed, so the there will be no biological pollution of the

residue. The residue contains only 45% water, which could be another

source of urban gardening and landscaping soil additive.

3.2 Study method

This PDA is to conduct pilot-scale study following the bench-scale study on the

extraction of protein from sludge and biosolids application. And the object is to

further determine the process and parameters through pilot-scale study, therefore,

the study method is two parts: protein extraction and garden demonstration.





3.2.1 Study method of extracting protein

Based on the laboratory output, the parameters need further identification, the

methods show below:

A. Measurements and Calculation

(1) Sampling: Each sample is 100g of the fresh sludge from the end of WWTP

sludge process;

(2) Measurement and calculation: All the hydrolysis reaction should determine,

calculate the hydrolyzed protein content and protein concentration in the

dried sludge (DS) ;

(3) During the alkali hydrolysis, the dosage of the lime or NaOH dosage (%)

that is relative to the mass fraction of the DS;(4) The water content and the reduction of DS: the mass balance method; the

hydrolyzed protein content measurement: ultraviolet absorption;

(5) Calculation of protein concentration in the DS: (Total protein / Total DS)

×100%;

(6) Calculation of DS reduction rate: [(Total DS-Dry residue)/ Total DS] ×100%

B. experiment and measurement institution(1) Effect of catalysts on the hydrolysis: HuBei University

(2) Sludge hydrolysis in different status: HuBei University

(3) Analysis and testing of thermo chemical characteristic: By Huazhong

University of Science and Technology

C. equipment and instrument in labortary

Centrifuge Filter

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Drying Oven Visible light photometry analyzer

Micro-wave oven Ultraviolet radiation photometry analyzer

D. Parameters will be identified during the process

(1) Hydrolysis time

(2) Alkali dosage

(3) Temperature optimization

(4) Consumption of steam

(5) Protein content (concentrated liquid)

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3.2.2 Study of hydrolysis Residue utilization into garden soil

1) Experiment and analysis method

This part is mainly garden application. Due to adding alkali as catalysts on the

hydrolysis, the hydrolysis residue is of high pH, and not fit for plant. First, further

study on neutralization of the hydrolysis residue must be conducted. Then, identify

the fertilizer concentration, and prove residue to be suitable as garden soil in terms

of fertilizer concentration. To better compare the nutrient performance of hydrolysis

residue with natural soil, garden is designed to be including 3 sections: natural soil,

hydrolysis residue, and mixed soil. 10 gardening plants was selected and planted in

this 3 sections, and study of the growth and flowering differences, then make a

conclusion.

Laboratory

Experiment

2) Item and inst itution of measure

(1) Identification of heavy metal ions: By Hubei Province Agricultural Technology

Institute





(2) identification of fertilizer concentration: By Hubei Province Agricultural

Technology Institute

3) Construction of garden

（1） Selection of Gardening Site

（2） Design and construction of garden

（3） Neutralization of Hydrolysis Residue

（4）

Selection of flower and other plant

4) Experiment

a) Water content in biosolids

b) Identification of fertilizer concentration in biosolids(N,P,K)

c) Identification of heavy metal ions in biosolids

d) Impact from biosolids to plants, including identification of protein,

chlorophyll

e) Biosolids impact analysis for different plants

f) Study of the growth and flowering differences in the biosolids and in natural

soil.

SECTION 4 EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES

The expected outputs, outcomes and impact on the environment from the PDA are

shown below.

4.1 Outputs:

Beneficial uses of sludge determined; financial viability and environmental

sustainability assessed.

The PDA is aiming the pilot-scale study for (1) protein extraction from sludge; (2)

utilization of biosolids for landscaping; and related financial and environmental

sustainability. The expected outputs will be converting all the waste sludge into

commercial products through (1) protein powder for commercial use; (2) biosolids




non-hazardous test for landscaping as commercial product; (3) end user survey for

the products produced.

4.2 Outcomes:

Enhanced management capacity of WUDDC for ensuring improved provision of

more efficient, reliable wastewater and sludge management services; and effective

protection of environment in Wuhan city.

In supporting with WUDDC’s current projects funded by ADB, the PDA will go further

into pilot scale to study the application of alternative technologies in addition to the

sludge study of Phase II, and therefore provide clear picture and technical solution

for Wuhan sludge management strategy and preparation work for Phase III. WUDDC

will then benefit from the 3 ADB projects for improving not only wastewater and

sludge treatment capacity, but also planning and management capability.

4.3 Impacts:

Improved and cleaner environment in Wuhan City as a result of improved

wastewater management.

With the expected outputs above, the waste sludge is 100% utilized so there will be

no residual left. Therefore, the impact to the environment by waste sludge will be

minimized and the current landfill plants can serve longer period without receiving

the 500 ton/day sludge from WWTPs.

prc pda: sludge beneficial uses (inception report)

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