prbs in germanyrtdf.clu-in.org/public/permbarr/minutes/110702/birke-1.pdf · reactive materials for...
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![Page 1: PRBs in Germanyrtdf.clu-in.org/PUBLIC/PERMBARR/MINUTES/110702/birke-1.pdf · reactive materials for cVOCs/chlorobenzenes/PAHs “RUBIN“ (4-5 Mio $) ... Overview of the drain-and-gate](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022043020/5f3bff1357084569ef0d3d08/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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PRBs in Germany■ Two R&D networks
(funded by the Federal Government)
“SAFIRA“ (6 Mio $) Basic R&D, semi-technical scalereactive materials for cVOCs/chlorobenzenes/PAHs
“RUBIN“ (4-5 Mio $) R&D and technical implementation of PRBs at different sites across the country
■ Public funds spent ≈ 14 Mio $ ■ Different private sites ≈ 6 Mio $
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■ RUBIN project, volume: appr. 1.5 Mio $ (50 % public funds)
Bernau■ High contamination of cVOCs affecting two
aquifers (TCE up to around 100 mg/L)
■ Special reactor design capturing both aquifers by pumping GW and injecting itinto a collecting zone and additional tanks
■ Closed funnel = containment for the source and serving as a collecting/mixingzone for accumulating lifted GW before itenters the gate
■ RUBIN project, volume: appr. 1.5 Mio $ (50 % public funds)
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Cut-off wallCut-off wall
Bracing Bracing
NE SW
Surface level
“Containment”
Inflow
Inflow
Reactor elements (modules) Drain
GWMS
Cut-off wall
18.30 m
2.30 m below s.l
4.50 m below s.l 5.50 m below s.l
8.0 m below s.l.
Reinfiltration
Bernau Elevation of the gate system
0 10 20 0 0 50 m
Top view of the funnel-and-gate
system 3 4
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Bernau – PerformanceDecay of TCE
120000 Half life time of TCE according to column testing
100 mg/L
80000
50
0
40000
c(o) = 100 mg/L
Iron sponge (GG 0,3-2 mm)
0 280 min. 400 800 1200
Average retention time V/Vo: 8 V/Vo: 21 V/Vo: 34 V/Vo: 48 V/Vo: 64 V/Vo: 94 V/Vo: 114
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Bernau – PerformanceTCE-Decay in the PRB
c(o)= 96,5 mg/L
0
25
50
75
100
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10
[mg/
L]
Decay of cis-DCE and VC in the PRB; c(o)= 96,5 mg/L
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10
[mg/
L]
c-DCE VC
0
1
100
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10
[µm
ol/L
]
TCE c-DCE VC PCE
Concentration profiles of single components
- semi-logarithmic display -Field results (appr. after one
pore volume has been
exchanged)
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Bitterfeld (“SAFIRA“) ■ Semi-technical test site for new PRB materials; five shafts(30 m deep, 3.50 m Ø)containing diff. steel reactors,loaded with different media: ■ Microaerophilic, anaerobicreactors (aquifer material) ■ Combined media, e.g.,GAC/microbiol.; ZVI/ORC) ■ Membrane- and zeolite-supported Palladium (Pd)■ Catalytic oxidation usingmetal catalysts; ultrasound
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http://safira.ufz.de
Membrane-supported Pd/H2 rapidly dehalogenates monochlorobenzene (MCB) to benzene
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Denkendorf
■ cVOC contamination (TCE, PCE, cis-DCE, 1,1,1-TCA, VC) is treated with GAC
■ “Drain-and-Gate” PRB to meet the low hydraulic gradient of 2%:
90 m long and 6 m deep gravel drainage directing the flow right towards a single GAC reactor
■ GAC reactor was placed inside a shaft (6 m deep)
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Denkendorf
REWE-Mar kt
ESA Eppinger GmbH
Fa. Goldmann-Nörenberg
Körsch (
GWM12
0
Drainage
Reactor (shaft)
Rewe-Supermarkt
Areas of cVOC contamina
M2M3
M6
M8
BGW12 BGW11
GWM8
BGW 8
well
BGW 10
GWM13
BGW9
GWM2
GW M4 GWM3 BGW3
BGW 4
GWM10 GWM9 Spülschacht
GWM11
GW M7 GWM6
BGW13
BGW 7
GWM5
BGW5
UVB GW flow direction
street
creek
(creek)
Overview of the drain-and-gate system
West East South North
Aquitard
app. 90 m app. 60 m
Cohesive material
Filter gravel
Drainage tube (DN100)
Water table
Palladium on zeolite
3 m
Activated carbon
Outlet tube (DN150) Receiving water (Körsch)
Pump Water table
6 m
)
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Denkendorf
RUBIN project: ■ Bypass: hydrogenation catalysts
like palladium on zeolite are tested
■ Addition of hydrogen gas:
fast and complete degradation of cVOCs (first, small column experiments in the first quarter of 2002: especially VC is effectively degraded, too)
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Edenkoben
■ cVOCs (20% TCE, 50% cis-DCE, 30% 1,1,1-TCA)
■ 1998: pilot-scale F&G 2000: expanded to a full-scale F&G
■ Gates designed for a diverted, vertical flow inside Groundwater is passively lifted by avertical drainage (gravel columns) andthus directed through the ZVI bed
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Edenkoben
■ Six identical gates, each constructed as a sheet pile caisson (open at its bottom)
■ Funnel: continuous sheet pile wall, 430 m long, 14 m deep
■ Funnel also runs through every gate, thus separating each of them into two chambers
■ Inside the gates the sheet pile wall was buried down to 1 m below the lowest groundwater level anticipated = overflow weir between the chambers
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Karlsruhe
■ 2000/2001: full-scale F&G packed with granular activated carbon (GAC, 150 tons) to treat PAHs and BTEX
■ Funnel consists of sheet piles (200 m long, 17 m deep)
■ Eight gates consisting of specifically perforated steel; cylindrical steel tubes were lowered into previously set up, large diameter boreholes (2.5 m)
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Karlsruhe
Overview of the full-scale F&G PRB
Former gas works plant
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Karlsruhe
■ Pea gravel, serving as a filtermedium and for homogenizingthe flow through the gates,was packed at the inflow andoutflow zone
■ Free space left betweenthe steel tubes and the adjacent funnelsegments was sealedoff using clay
Clay seal
Pea gravel
Sheet pile wall Activated
carboninflow
outflowPerforated steel sheets
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Karlsruhe
Sheet piles were pressed into the ground using the “silent piler”-technique
Packing the gate with granular activated carbon
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Oberursel■ cVOC contamination treated with ZVI at
the BOSTIK site (TOTALFINAELF) ■ L-shaped F&G equipped with one gate ■ Gate shaped like a wide annulus:
◆ Diameter 3.3 m, 13 m deep ◆ Overlapping boreholes cast with
concrete forming the annulus(at the inflow/outflow zone, permeableconcrete was cast)
■ Funnel (slurry wall): 175 m long, 4-19 mdeep, 0.6 m thick
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OberurselGate construction
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Oberursel Gate construction, shape of the F&G