13-16 June 2017 11

P. Ausset, S. Barsuk, M. Ben Abdillah, L. Berthier, P. Bertho, J. Bettane, S. Blivet, J.-S. Bousson, L. Burmistrov,

F. Campos, V. Chaumat, J.-L. Coacolo, R. Delorme, N. Dosme, D. Douillet, R. Dupré, P. Duchesne, N. El Kamchi,

M. El Khaldi, A. Faus-Golfe, L. Garolfi, B. Genolini, A. Gonnin, X. Grave, M. Guidal, H. Guler, P. Halin, G. Hull,

M. Imre, M. Josselin, M. Juchaux, W. Kaabi, R. Kunne, M. Langlet, P. Laniece, F. Lefebvre, C. Le Galliard,

E. Legay, P. Lepercq, C. Magueur, B. Mansoux, D. Marchand, A. Maroni, B. Mathon, B. Mercier, H. Monard,

C. Muñoz Camacho, T. Nguyen Trung, S. Niccolai, M. Omeich, Y. Peinaud, L. Pinot, Y. Prezado, K. Pressard,

V. Puill, B. Ramstein, A. Said, A. Semsoum, A. Stocchi, C. Sylvia, C. Vallerand, M.A. Verdier, O. Vitez, E. Voutier,

J. van de Wiele, S. Wurth

Projet Emblématique

A. Faus-Golfe on behalf of the PRAE team

Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie

Institut de Physique Nucléaire

Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire

PRAE: Platform for Research and Applications with Electrons

Programme SESAME

13-16 June 2017 22

PRAE in one slide

Instrumentation

ProRad

Radiobiology

RFgun

Linac

Bunch compressor

13-16 June 2017 3P. 3

PRAE Multidisciplinary R&D Platform Transversal, Complementary expertise

4 AXES DE DEVELOPPEMENT

PROJET PHASES

Phase A (2016-2019) : 70 MeV

Phase B (from 2020): 140 MeV

FUNDING- Equipement- 2 year PostDoc for Nuclear Physics- 2 year PostDoc for Radiobiology

Accelerator

Angeles Faus-Golfe (LAL)

Nuclear Physics

Eric Voutier(IPNO)

Radiobiology

Yolanda Prezado(IMNC)

Detectors R&D

Bernard Genolini(IPNO)

Sergey Barsuk(LAL)

The PRAE Project

PatriciaDuchesne(IPNO)

DominiqueMarchand

(IPNO)

Scientificresponsible

Technicalcoordinator

User’s coordinator

13-16 June 2017 4

Infrastructure

Site related studies

Identification of needs

Preparation of the technical specs

Safety and radioprotection

Coordinator: Patricia Duchesne (IPNO)Marc Langlet (LAL)

13-16 June 2017 55

IGLOO:THOMX-Andromede

HALL SUPER-ACO

201

Cafétéria LAL

Chapeau de gendarme

SCIENCES ACO

La zone « chapeau de gendarme », située au RdC du bâtiment 201, est entourée de tous côtés sans accès direct vers l’extérieur (aucune visibilité du site):

• Façade Nord : Musée Sciences-Aco et butte de terre• Façade Sud : Hall Super-Aco• Façade Est : Igloo• A l’ouest : Prolongement du tunnel de l’ancien Linac.

Accès général – visibilité du site

13-16 June 2017 66

Former site of linear accelerator at LAL, first approach

Old linac

“Chapeau de gendarme” hall Hall SuperAco

Hall SuperAco

13-16 June 2017 77

Nouvel axe de circulation + Un édifice annexe

IGLOO

HALL SUPER-ACO

Chapeau de gendarme

RUE AMPERE

Ancienne salle de contrôle

DCI

Objectifs :

• Répondre aux besoins des scientifiques : Avoir un accès direct de la salle de préparation à la zone radio-protégée dans CdG

• Avoir un accès visible sans changement de niveaux :Rejoindre directement la Rue Ampère à travers la butte et un hall de Sciences ACO

• Avoir une installation regroupée :Profiter des travaux d’étanchéité pour étendre le terrassement sur toute la zone en friche afin de lier les salles de préparation, de contrôle et de laser, au plus près du CdG

• Constituer une plateforme pour recevoir les équipements annexes :CTA, GF, Pompage et traitement de l’eau

13-16 June 2017 88

Nouvel édifice

Nouvel axe de circulation + Un édifice annexe

IGLOO

HALL SUPER-ACO

HALL LINAC

Modification de 2 fenêtres en une entrée

principalepour Sciences ACO et

PRAE

Transformation de cet espace en un couloir de passage

d’un côté et vitrine Sciences ACO de l’autre

9

Espace dédié aux travaux et à la construction

Rez-de-chaussée du nouvel édifice Superficie au sol : 290 m²

16m

8m

13m

Salle de

préparation

Accès direct

dans zone radio-protégée CdG

Accès dans CdG

Entrée principaleHall d’entrée

Cabine laser

10

Version : Espace dédié aux travaux et à la construction

Rez-de-chaussée du nouvel édifice

11

Version : Espace dédié aux travaux et à la construction

Etage du nouvel édifice• Salle de contrôle et d’acquisition• Equipements annexes

Plateforme pour groupe froid etcsur le toit

12

Interaction PRAE / Sciences ACO

Mise en valeur de Sciences ACO en réhabilitant l’ancienne salle de contrôle DCI en hall d’accueil, créant un lien entre le passé et le présent dans le monde des accélérateurs et leurs applications à travers plusieurs thématiques.

Cette solution s’inscrit dans la philosophie de la Diagonale Paris Saclay en créant une « interaction directe entre les scientifiques et les acteurs de la société »

13

Future actions:

Re-fining the needs for different axes

Security studies

Radioprotection studies

Technical specifications for infrastructural works

In July 2016 University formally attributed the site to PRAE.

Ongoing actions:

Topographic measurements (external study)

Ground vibration measurements (external study)

Temperature measurement campaign

Infrastructure: synthesis

13-16 June 2017 14

Axis 4: accelerator construction and related R&D

Principle goal: core accelerator construction / applications

Other studies: R&D high-gradient RF, Instrumentation, R&D on other

accelerator applications

Training of engineers and technical staff; Students’ hands-on

Coordinator: Angeles Faus-Golfe (LAL)

13-16 June 2017 15

BudgetEvolution of phases

Radiotherapy

ProRad

Phase 0: RF gun at 50 Hz; 50-70 MeV

All in mode “Push-Pull”

Phase 1: two deviated lines

Scanning dipole for Radiotherapy

Spectrometer for Instrumentation

Magnetic chicane for ProRad

Phase 2: 140 MeV

Radiotherapy

ProRad

ProRad / Radiotherapy(Push-Pull)

Phase A: RF gun at 50 Hz; 50-70 MeV, two lines:

Direct for Instrumentation

Deviated: magnetic chicane for ProRadand radiobiology in mode “Push-Pull”

Phase B:

Spectrometer for Instrumentation line

Scanning dipole

Complete set of channels

140 MeV

Initial version, presented to P2IO/SESAME Optimized version, given constraints

Instrumentation

Instrumentation

Instrumentation

Instrumentation

13-16 June 2017 1616

PRAE accelerator parameters

ProRad

Radiobiology

RFgun Linac Bunch compressor

Beam parameters Phase A-B

Energy, MeV 50-70 (100-140)

Charge (variable), nC 0.00005 – 2

Normalized emittance, mm.mrad 3-10

RF frequency, GHz 3.0

Repetition rate, Hz 50

Transverse size, mm 0.5

Bunch length, ps < 10

Energy spread, % < 0.2

Bunches per pulse 1

Instrumentation

13-16 June 2017 1717

LAL RF gun “revisited”

Coupling slot compensating the Field distortion

RF power (5 MW)

Short circuit

Photocathode

Accelerating gradient (TM010 _ π mode ): 80 MV/m at Pin=5 MW

2.5 cells RF gun designed and producedat LAL for ThomX

Operation frequency 2998,55 MHz (30°C, in vacuum)

Charge 1 nC

Laser wavelength, pulse energy 266 nm, 100 µJ

RF Gun Q and Rs 14400, 49 MΩ/m

RF Gun accelerating gradient 80 MV/m @ 5 MW

Normalized emittance (rms ) 4.4 π mm mrad

Energy spread 0.4 %

Bunch length (rms) 5 ps

Photoinjector specification

CST-Particle in cells, simulation results

Energy gain = 5 MeV for Pin =5 MW

20 cm

bucking coilfocusing coil

13-16 June 2017 18

duration: 2014 - 2018 (4 years)

Development of high-gradient S-band TW accelerating structure (HGAS)

High-gradient research collaboration, LAL - PMB company

The PRAE accelerator will profit from the high-gradient S-band accelerating structure developmentof the HGAS project (“CIFFRE” project, collaboration with industry):

HGAS Technical specification:

Structure Disk-loaded

Operation mode or phase advance 2π/3

Operation Frequency 2998,55 MHz (30°C, in vacuum)

Accelerator type Quasi constant gradient, travelling wave

Accelerating Field for an input peak power of 22 MW 25 MV/m (peak value)

Energy gain for an input peak power of 22 MW 65 MeV (only HGAS)

Quality factor Q > 14000

Number of cells 94 + 2 coupler cells

Flange to flange length 3,47 m

Direct application of high-gradient compact S-band electron LINAC for PRAE

M. EL Khaldi, L. Garolfi,“RF DESIGN OF A HIGH GRADIENT S-BAND TRAVELLING WAVE ACCELERATING STRUCTURE FOR THOMX LINAC”, IPAC2015,M. EL Khaldi, J. Bonis, A. Camara, L. Garolfi, A. Gonnin, “ELECTROMAGNETIC, THERMAL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A THOMX RF GUN USING ANSYS”, Proceedings IPAC2016

13-16 June 2017 19

Linac:

Linac: PMB-LAL

Total length: 3.2 m (96 cells),

Travelling wave section (TW),

Quasi-constant gradient structure,

Phase advance per cell: 2π/3-mode,

Average acc. field: 18.5 MV/m @ 18 MW,

Filling time ≤ 1 µs,

S-Band High gradient compact structure (HGAS)

LAL-PMB collaboration on high gradient S-band structure research

The collaboration agreement between PMB and LAL has been established from October, 1st, 2014 to September, 30th, 2018.

20

Initial parameters of the calculations

• beam energy - 70 MeV

• emittance - 5*10-8 m

• bunch length - 3 mm

• energy spread - 2*10-3

• 𝛽x,y = 35 m

• 𝛼x = -4.24

• 𝛼y = -4.34 Initial distribution

is generated with 2 Gaussians, which are then

rotated to simulate the energy chirp at the end

of the linac

With the C++ program we generate the initial longitudinal and

transverse distributions of the particles, then for the each

optics calculated with MadX, we do tracking with MadX-PTC.

After that, with the C++ and GNUPlot we analyze and plot the

final distributions.

The distribution is made the way, it fits the approximate

values of the bunch length and energy spread

𝜎y = 0.008

𝜎x = 0.001

First Optics design and Simulations

21

Bunch propagating through the chicane: 300, 450, 600

(changing the angle directly affects the R56)

300

450

600

22

Optics calculations

Final parameters:

• 𝛽x = 4.0 m

• 𝛽y = 4.0 m

• 𝛼x = -0.18

• 𝛼y = -0.2

• Dx = 0.0 m

• D’x = 0.0

For 450 option for ProRad line:

23

Optics calculations

Final parameters:

• 𝛽x = 4.0 m

• 𝛽y = 1.7 m

• 𝛼x = -0.17

• 𝛼y = -6.73

• Dx = 0.49 m

• D’x = 0.83

Instrumentation line (active last dipole):

13-16 June 2017 24

RF gun and linac

Linac:The collaboration agreement between PMB and LAL: 10/2014 –09/2018.

RF gun: ThomX-like revisited, study in progress to add a doublet ofquads

RF powering

Well advance to recuperate a second generation SLAC modulators fromS-band old 30 GeV linac

The klystron has been identified

Diagnostics

BPMs recuperated from CTF3. Tests with the inductive (test bench),then a possibility to test in ALTO under study.

Energy measurement and Radiotherapy instrumentation are beingstudied.

Beam lines

The first optics design are being made in the framework of LIA-IDEATE for different beam lines and possible implementations.

PRAE accelerator: current status

13-16 June 2017 25

PRAE accelerator: context

13-16 June 2017 26

Axis 2: Radiobiology

Principal goal : explore new original approaches in radiotherapy

Other studies : promising for IMRT, radiobiology studies

Coordinator: Yolanda Prezado (IMNC)

13-16 June 2017 27

Different particle types: very high energy electrons (VHEE)

At hospitals mainly photons (6-18 MV) and electrons (2-25 MeV) are used.

Compared to clinical electron beams: longer penetration depth; reduced lateral scattering (transversal widening sparing normal tissues).

Compared to photons: scans possible advantageous for image-guided energy- and intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Stanford University exploring this approach with laser sources.

Compared to protons: greater precision of the beam, lower accelerator cost; less radioprotection issues.

Biological advantages to be established !

Possible strategies to spare normal tissue

New approaches in radiotherapy

Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most frequently used methods for cancer treatment

Treatment of some radio resistant tumors, pediatric cancers and tumors close to

a delicate structure (i.e. spinal cord) is currently limited

The main challenge is to find novel approaches to increase normal tissue resistance

Standard RT restricted to the few temporal and spatial schemes, dose rates, broad field

sizes: mainly photons, 2 Gy/session, 1 session/day, 5 days/week, dose rates ~ 2 Gy/min,

field sizes > cm2, homogeneous dose distributions

13-16 June 2017 28

15 MeV

photons

100 MeV

VHEE

150 MeV

protons

250 MeV/u

Carbon-12

20 MeV

electrons

New approaches in radiotherapy

There is more thanprotons and Carbon…Electrons, helium…

Dose profiles for various particle beams in water (beam widths )

13-16 June 2017 29

High Energy Electron Grid Therapy (eHGRT):

To be studied on the PRAE radiobiology line:

Experimental dosimetry for very small field sizes: with radiochromic films and microdiamond detector

Monte Carlo dose calculation: beam characteristics for eHGRT, validation of experimental dosimetry, dose calculation for radiobiology studies

Radiobiology studies on cells and small animals: confirmation of the hypothesis of high normal tissue resistance in Phase B

Very high energy electrons (VHEE)

Spatial fractionation of the

dose (MBRT)

eHGRT: novel approach to spare normal tissue at the entrance with a quasi homogeneous dose distribution in the tumor

Proof of concept with dosimetric Monte Carlo study: Martinez and Prezado, Med. Phys. 2015

Radiobiology: main objectives

13-16 June 2017 30

Discussions with the accelerator team in progress on the beamrequirements.

Beam characteristics:

Irradiation Grid: spot sizes of

300-500 µmat the sample position

Beam divergence

Grid scanning with a translational

stage (phase A) or with a scanning

dipole (phase B)

Equipment for cell and animal experiments (Phase B)

Cell preparation room (lab bench, laminar flow hood, incubator, …)

Stabulation room: preparation and rest of animals before and afterirradiation (lab benches, tools for basic operations on animals, racks for rat cages…)

Preparation table for animal anesthesia close to the site

Radiobiology: definition of the needs

grid pattern 2D depth-dose distribution

13-16 June 2017 3131

Axe Radiobiologie : Plateforme pour la dosimétrie3 types de manip pour la dosimétrie (données fournies par Rachel Delorme) :

Calibration des détecteurs

Caractérisation du spot en micro faisceaux

Spot scanning

Déterminer le facteur d’équivalence entre le temps d’irradiation (ou nombre de bunch) à une intensité donnée et la dose dans « l’eau » pour les détecteurs films et diamant

Caractérisation du « spot » en terme de dose absolue & dose relative : mesure fixe avec les films, mesure en mouvement (X,Y) avec le micro-diamant

Quadrillage d’un volume (ex : 2x2 cm en X,Y) avec les spots caractérisés à l’étape précédente

Fantôme fixe

Fantôme mobile

Fantôme mobile

Axe Radiobiologie : Plateforme pour la dosimétrie

- Expériences de dosimétrie (phase A)- Expériences sur animaux (phase B)

Hypothèses pour la dosimétrie :- Système ouvert (pas besoin d’atmosphère contrôlé)- Expériences pilotées à distance

Phantom withgafchromic films Motorized XY

linear stage

Motorized lineartranslation stageElectric actuator for the complete retraction of the frame supporting the XY linear stage with phantom

Travel range: 100mmResolution: 0.1 mm

electronbeam

Placed at 10mm from the vacuum window

Etudes mécaniques réalisées par Sébastien Blivet (IPNO)

13-16 June 2017 33

Very High Energy Electron Radiotherapy: Medical & Accelerator Physics Aspects

Towards Machine Realisation, July 24-26 2017, The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury

Laboratory, UK, https://www.cockcroft.ac.uk/events/VHEE17/

Developing medical linacs for challenging regions

http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/67710

International Cancer Expert Corps

http://www.iceccancer.org/

Axis 1: nuclear physics / nucleon structure

Principle experiment: proton charge radius measurement, 30-70 MeV

Students’ hands-on

Coordinator: Eric Voutier (IPN)

Internships are being received2-year PostDoc position filled

13-16 June 2017 3535

ANR 2017 General Call: France-Germany

Development & construction of ProRad specific and determinant accelerator equipment

Work Package 1 : Beam Energy Compression System

Design, optimization, construction, installation, commissioning, andexploitation of a system allowing to reduce the beam momentumdispersion down to 5×10-4

Work Package 2 : Beam Energy Measurement Device

Design, optimization, construction, installation, commissioning, andexploitation of a device allowing to measure the beam energy with a 5×10-

4 accuracy

Work Package 3 : Hydrogen Jet Target

Development of a 15 µm diameter cryogenic hydrogen jet to serve asprimary reaction target for the ProRad experiment

13-16 June 2017 3636

The coupling of a magnetic chicane with a cavity or a corrugated structure reduces the beam momentum dispersion to ProRad quality requirements.

The evaluation of the performances and difficulties of both technicalsolutions leads the choice of the final PRAE method.

Other PRAE research axis will also benefit from ProRad quality beams.

WP1: ECS system

13-16 June 2017 3737

WP2: Energy measurement

The electron beam is deviated by a spectrometer within a specificmeasurement line.

Knowledge of the beam trajectory at the entrance and the exit of thespectrometer, together with the measurement of the field integralrelatively to an identical reference magnet, gives the expected accuracy onthe beam energy.

13-16 June 2017 3838

WP3: Target and Detectors

The extension of existingtechnologies at the JW

Goethe University provides a thick hydrogen windowless

target.

Challenges concern nozzleproduction, cryogenic power,jet stability, reaction chambervacuum, beam quality…

13-16 June 2017 39

Axis 3: Instrumentation R&D

Coordinator: Bernard Genolini (IPN)

Principle goal is to construct versatile tool for detector R&D and tests:

deliver calibrated beam with adjusted and known kinematics and number

of electrons per sample

Training of engineers and technical staff & Students’ hands-on

13-16 June 2017 40

Fully-equipped versatile tool for precision instrumentation R&D based on high-performance electron beam

Excellent technical performance

Timing reference, < 10 ps bunch length

Charge accuracy, RMS < 2×10-3

Low straggling (energy >> 1 MeV)

High-performance, remotely controlled tools

Beam position, profile and monitoring

60 digitization channels for users on NARVAL-based data acquisition

Motorized moving table for scans, accuracy < 500 µm

No need to place the detectors in vacuum

Instrumentation R&D at PRAE

Measure the time, charge and imaging performance of particle detectors

Calibration for charge, trigger, tracking detectors

13-16 June 2017 41

Deliverables

Timepix detector for precision spot measurement

Calorimeter for energy monitoring

BGO scintillator crystalsin compact matrix geometry

Example of a calorimeter realized at IPN

2 channel Cherenkov counters (LAL) tested at BTF (Frascati); installedin the SPS (CERN) beam pipe

Cherenkov quartz counter for intensity monitoring

DAQ + slow control

60 user digitizationsignals (WaveCatcher)

DCOD = NARVAL + ENX

Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière

Participation of

SPS beam

13-16 June 2017 42

Instrumentation R&D: draft implementation

Ligne accélératrice Plateforme

SPECTROMETER

Christine Le Gaillard

13-16 June 2017 4343

Goals: to promote PRAE, to aggregate partners, to identify new synergies

Targeted communities: Universities (professional and general trainings,

practical works, internships, apprenticeship), Research centers, Companies

(accelerator technologies, detectors, radiotherapy)

Perimeter: Regional, national, international level

Establishing users community

Coordinator: Dominique Marchand (IPN)

Contact: marchand@ipno.in2p3.fr

Web site dedicated to the user community

Seminars within laboratories

Talks at conferences, workshops

Dedicated periodical colloquiums. First colloquium proposed for spring 2017

(a subvention asked from CNRS), format: 2,5 days

Contact responsibles of training programs (Licences, Masters)

…

13-16 June 2017 44

Summary

PRAE is a new project for science, R&D and applications based on

complementary IMNC – IPN – LAL expertise.

Construction of the multi-disciplinary PRAE site – Subatomic physics,

Radiobiology, Instrumentation R&D and Accelerator – is centered

around the new high-performance electron accelerator.

The “chapeau de gendarme” site officially dedicated to PRAE.

Presently available budget is dedicated to construction of the major

part of the phase A of the PRAE project. To be complemented.

Important measurements already with PRAE phase A !

13-16 June 2017 45

Backup

13-16 June 2017 4646

Planning: phase A, e-beam 70 MeV

Year 2017 2018 2019 2020

Semester 1 2 1 2 1 2

Infrastructure at PRAE

Design, components procuring

Component tests

Experimental setups

Installation at PRAE

PRAE commissioning, 70 MeV

TDR chapters ready

PRAE v1PRAE operational :

13-16 June 2017 4747

PRAE partners++

Contribution from CSNSM to Instrumentation

Enthusiastic contribution via expertise from CPO (Institut Curie)

Discussions on target for ProRad with Frankfurt am Main, CEA

Equipment loan from SLAC-JLAB and from CERN

Potential collaboration with Frascati on RF gun

Discussions on LEETECH-like spectrometer with CERN

Proposals for complementary program from Kiev and Kharkiv

…

13-16 June 2017 4848

PRAE organization

Project CoordinatorTechnical Coordinator

Patricia Duchesne

PA1: Nuclear Physics(IPNO)

Eric Voutier

PA2: Radiobiology(IMNC, IPNO, LAL)

Yolanda Prezado

PA3: Detector R&D (LAL, IPNO, IMNC)

Bernard Genolini

PA4: Accelerator and beam instrumentation

R&D (LAL, IPNO)Angeles Faus-Golfe

General organization, 4 mutually linked project axes.

Main links between the project axes.

Accélérateurs Physique Nucleaire Radiobiology R&D détecteurs

LASERIX

13-16 June 2017 4949

Management of PRAE, in discussion

Operations board : Coordinators of axes, technical coordinator, project

coordinator

Governing board : Directors of IMNC – IPN – LAL, representatives of

financing agencies (P2IO + SESAME)

International Advisory Board for progress reviews, strategy decisions

External review panels per project axis for specific tasks/decisions

Collaboration Board for collaboration issues