Practice TestUS HistoryUnit Eight

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answers to choose from try to answer it in your head and then click the mouse button.

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If you cannot finish the Practice test in one sitting, use the scroll bar on the right to remember where you left off.

He accepted Soviet aid for Cuba.

• Answer– Fidel Castro

This involved an invasion of Cuba.

• Answer– Bay of Pigs

He lost the 1960 presidential election.

• Answer– Richard Nixon

He squared off against Kennedy during the Berlin crisis.

• Answer– Nikita Khrushchev

This barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

• Answer– Limited Test Ban Treaty

His religious beliefs were an important issue of the 1960

presidential campaign.

• Answer– John F. Kennedy

This strategy was intended to broaden America's range of options during

international crises by"strengthening and modernizing the

military's ability to fight a nonnuclear war."

• Answer– Flexible response

John F. Kennedy, the Democratic nominee for President in 1960, was a

senator from

a. New York.

b. California.

c. Texas.

d. Massachusetts.

Kennedy appointed his brother, Robert, to serve as

a. secretary of state.

b. attorney general.

c. secretary of defense.

d. a justice of the Supreme Court.

The hot line established in 1963 did all of the following except

a. link the White House and the Kremlin.

b. make communication in a crisis easier.

c. ease Cold War tensions.

d. barred nuclear testing.

Which was not a factor working against Kennedy in the 1960

election?

a. age

b. Religion

c. debate performance

d. serious policy differences with his opponent

What was the main purpose of the flexible response military strategy?

a. to enable the United States to fight limited wars around the world

b. to decrease the number of nuclear weapons

c. to prepare for the Bay of Pigs invasion

d. to reduce defense spending

What contributed to the end of the Cuban missile crisis?

a. America's secret promise to remove missiles from Turkey

b. the discovery that the missiles had been removed

c. Castro's promise to restore democracy

d. Castro's promise to break with the Soviet Union

What was the main reason for the construction of the Berlin Wall?

a. to embarrass America

b. to stop East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin

c. to reduce Cold War tensions

d. to demonstrate the success of communism

The Peace Corps, a program of volunteer assistance to developing

nations, was

a. proposed by Kennedy and failed.

b. proposed by Johnson and failed.

c. proposed by Kennedy and succeeded.

d. proposed by Johnson and succeeded.

Which was not a result of Kennedy's New Frontier initiatives?

a. expansion of the military

b. acceleration of the space program

c. the Peace Corps

d. higher taxes

How did America react to news that the Soviet Union was the first to put

a man in space?

a. indifference

b. pride in human achievement

c. determination not to lose the space race

d. threats of military action

Which of the following reflects the findings of the Warren Commission?

a. Oswald and Ruby were part of a conspiracy.

b. Oswald acted alone.

c. Cuban exiles were involved.

d. The FBI was involved.

This banned prayer in public schools and brought about change in federal and state reapportionment and the criminal justice

system.

• Answer– The Warren Court

In this case, the Supreme Court established the principle of "one

person, one vote."

• Answer– Baker v. Carr

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that all suspects must be "read their

rights" before questioning.

• Answer– Miranda v. Arizona

These provided free or low-cost medical insurance to welfare recipients and most

Americans age 65 and older.

• Answer– Medicare and Medicaid

This provided federal aid to help public and parochial schools purchase textbooks and

new library materials.

• Answer– Elementary and Secondary Education

Act

This term refers to the way in which states redraw election districts based on the changing number of people in them.

• Answer– Reapportionment

In this case, the Supreme Court required criminal courts to provide free legal

counsel to those who could not afford it.

• Answer– Gideon v. Wainwright

This legislative program summed up President Johnson's vision for

America.

• Answer– Great Society

The Economic Opportunity Act did all of the following except

a. offer foreign aid to Latin American countries.

b. give underprivileged preschoolers a head start.

c. encourage poor people to join in public-works programs.

d. create a training program for youth.

Lyndon Baines Johnson, who became president when Kennedy was

assassinated, was

a. never elected president by the people.

b. an experienced politician.

c. mistrusted because he was a Catholic.

d. opposed to the Great Society.

Medicare, a federal program established for Americans age 65 and over, was intended to provide

a. housing.

b. transportation.

c. education.

d. health insurance.

The Immigration Act of 1965

a. stopped immigration from European countries.

b. stopped immigration from non-European countries.

c. ended quotas based on nationality.

d. began quotas based on nationality.

What was one result of Johnson's Great Society

initiatives?

a. a balanced budget

b. reduction in the power of the federal government

c. a conservative backlash

d. increased taxes

What was the major factor in Johnson's landslide victory over

Goldwater in 1964?

a. Johnson's domestic agenda

b. Goldwater's liberalism

c. Johnson's determination to fight communism in South Vietnam

d. Goldwater's call for the use of nuclear weapons against Cuba and Vietnam

Which of the following groups was intended to benefit the most from the

Great Society programs?

a. minorities and the poor

b. white, middle-class families

c. farmers and laborers

d. businessmen

Spokesperson for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party at the

1964 Democratic Convention

• Answer– Fannie Lou Hamer

NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown v. Board of Education case before

the Supreme Court

• Answer– Thurgood Marshall

Black Muslim leader who urged blacks to separate from white society

• Answer– Malcolm X

Civil rights leader and minister who believed deeply in the power of

nonviolent protest

• Answer– Martin Luther King, Jr.

President who demanded that Congress pass a sweeping civil rights law but did not live to see it enacted

• Answer– John F. Kennedy

President who appointed a committee to study the causes of

urban violence

• Answer– Lyndon B. Johnson

Veteran who became the first African American to attend the University of

Mississippi

• Answer– James Meredith

Activist whose protest helped spark the Montgomery bus boycott

• Answer– Rosa Parks

President who ordered soldiers to protect African-American students trying to

integrate a white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas

• Answer– Dwight D. Eisenhower

Civil rights leader who became impatient with nonviolence and

called for "Black Power"

• Answer– Stokely Carmichael

Which of the following affirmed the legality of racial segregation and prompted the

passage of Jim Crow laws?

a. the Fourteenth

b. the Civil Rights Act of 1875 Amendment

c. the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

d. the decision in Morgan v. Virginia

Which doctrine relating to public education was overturned by the Supreme Court

decision in Brown v. Board of Education?

a. due process of law

b. "separate but equal"

c. "all deliberate speed"

d. equal protection of the law

According to the Kerner Commission, what was the main cause of urban

violence?

a. white racism

b. school segregation

c. black nationalism

d. dejure segregation

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made segregation illegal in which of the

following?

a. housing

b. churches

c. private universities

d. public accommodations

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 enable federal officials to do?

a. register voters

b. oversee the collection of poll taxes

c. oversee programs to test voter literacy

d. recount votes

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 banned discrimination in which activity?

a. hiring an employee

b. selling or renting a home

c. awarding a construction contract

d. admitting students to state universities

Which of the following is not associated with the Black Power

movement?

a. Malcolm X

b. Stokely Carmichael

c. the Black Panthers

d. the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

What was the main type of pressure exerted by the Montgomery Improvement Association in response to segregation on

buses?

a. social

b. economic

c. political

d. physical force

Which of the following was not advocated by the Black Panthers?

a. nonviolence

b. Black Power

c. black nationalism

d. community development

Which of the following is an example of de facto segregation?

a. poll taxes

b. Jim Crow laws

c. a concentration of urban African Americans in slum areas

d. a voter literacy test given to African Americans in the South

President who used the Tonkin Gulf incident as an excuse to deepen U.S.

involvement in the Vietnam War

• Answer– Lyndon Johnson

Vietnamese forces that were supported by American troops

• Answer– Army of the Republic of Vietnam

Americans who supported strong U.S. military efforts in Vietnam

• Answer– Hawks

Top U.S. negotiator on Vietnam during Nixon's presidency

• Answer– Henry Kissinger

South Vietnamese citizens who fought against the South Vietnamese government

and American forces

• Answer– Vietcong

Communist leader of the Vietnamese struggle against the French, the Japanese,

and the Americans

• Answer– Ho Chi Minh

U.S. president responsible for the Vietnamization of the

war

• Answer– Richard Nixon

Communist group that took control of Cambodia in 1975

• Answer– Khmer Rouge

Political organization whose goal was to win Vietnam's independence from

foreign rule

• Answer– Vietminh

Organization led by Mario Savio that focused its criticism on the nation's faceless and powerful institutions

• Answer– Free Speech Movement

___ was the United States' main goal in Vietnam.

a. Reunifying Vietnam

b. Containing the spread of communism

c. Upholding the Geneva Accords

d. Negotiating a cease-fire agreement with North Vietnam

___ served as the commander of U.S. troops in Vietnam.

a. Dean Rusk

b. Clark Clifford

c. Robert McNamara

d. William Westmoreland

In the early years of the war, a young man could automatically be

deferred from the draft by ___.

a. getting married

b. enrolling in college

c. getting a job

d. becoming a conscientious objector

___ did not occur in 1968.

a. The Tet Offensive

b. The U.S. invasion of Cambodia

c. The assassination of Robert Kennedy

d. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

___ set off the first general student strike in U.S. history.

a. The invasion of Cambodia

b. The assassination of Robert Kennedy

c. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

d. Riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention

After World War II, the United States aided ___ in its efforts to keep control of Vietnam.

a. Japan

b. China

c. France

d. Britain

___ enabled North Vietnam to send troops to South Vietnam.

a. The Ho Chi Minh Trail

b. The fall of Dien Bien Phu

c. The strategic hamlet program

d. Operation Rolling Thunder

The main purpose of the War Powers Act was to ___.

a. expand the power of the military

b. expand the power of the president

c. restrict the power of the military

d. restrict the power of the president

___, founded by Tom Hayden and Al Haber, charged that corporations and large government institutions

had taken over America.

a. Students for a Democratic Society

b. The Free Speech Movement

c. The New Left

d. The Hardhats

___ was/were most effective in convincing the American public that the war was not

winnable.

a. Body counts

b. The Tet Offensive

c. The actions of Students for a Democratic Society

d. The invasion of Cambodia

In the 1968 presidential campaign, which of the following candidates would a dove

most likely have favored?

a. George Wallace

b. Richard Nixon

c. Eugene McCarthy

d. Hubert Humphrey

Which of the following did President Nixon say would bring about "peace with honor"

in Vietnam?

a. the Vietnamization of the war

b. the Americanization of the war

c. the domino theory

d. the Geneva Accords

Which president asked Congress for the Tonkin Gulf Resolution?

a. Richard Nixon

b. Lyndon Johnson

c. John Kennedy

d. Dwight Eisenhower

What was the main purpose of introducing the "body count"?

a. to persuade Americans that a Vietcong surrender was imminent

b. to motivate U.S. soldiers to desire revenge

c. to build antiwar sentiment in the United States

d. to show that the war could not be won without U.S. involvement

Which of the following statements regarding the Democratic candidates for

president in the 1968 election is true?

a. Robert Kennedy was assassinated after narrowly losing the party's nomination.

b. Hubert Humphrey was guaranteed the party's nomination before the national convention took place.

c. Eugene McCarthy voluntarily dropped out of the race before the national convention took place.

d. Lyndon Johnson announced at the national convention that he would not seek the party's nomination.

Which administration's efforts to mislead the American people were revealed by the

publication of the Pentagon Papers?

a. Richard Nixon's

b. Lyndon Johnson's

c. John Kennedy's

d. Dwight Eisenhower's

Which of the following statements best defines the domino theory?

a. If one country falls to communism, others in the region will fall, too.

b. Communism will topple the global economy.

c. Communism will cause the fall of the United States.

d. Socialist governments are a threat to freedom.

Against whom did the ARVN fight?

a. France

b. United States

c. North Vietnam

d. South Vietnam

Which statement best summarizes the opinion of Martin Luther King, Jr., about African-American troops in the Vietnam

War?

a. He was happy and proud that these men could serve their country.

b. He believed it was unfair that they were fighting for a country that treated them unfairly at home.

c. He believed that the number of African Americans fighting was proportionate to the population.

d. He believed that if African Americans displayed courage on the battlefield, they would earn civil rights at home.

___ helped call attention to women's needs by writing the book The Feminine

Mystique.

• Answer– Betty Friedan

The ___ was made up mostly of white, middle-class college youths who had grown

increasingly discontented with mainstream American society.

• Answer– counterculture

In the 1970s, the group known as ___ was most likely to help Latinos win political

offices.

• Answer– La Raza Unida

The slogan "Equal Pay for Equal Work" is likely to be associated with the belief

called ___.

• Answer– feminism

Using peaceful tactics like product boycotts and fasts, ___ helped farm workers win more rights, higher wages, and other

benefits.

• Answer– Cesar Chavez

Early efforts of the ___ focused on bringing about changes in the workplace, including

ending gender discrimination in hiring.

• Answer– National Organization for Women

The group known as the ___ was most likely to oppose the positions of the

women's movement on a variety of issues.

• Answer– New Right

The ___ area in San Francisco is sometimes described as "the hub of hippie life" in the

1960s.

• Answer– Haight-Asbury

The militant group called the ___ organized many uprisings to draw attention to the

needs of Native Americans.

• Answer– American Indian Movement

___ was one of the most outspoken opponents of the ERA and the women's

movement.

• Answer– Phyllis Schlafly

César Chávez used nonviolent means to organize Mexican-American

a. voters.

b. students.

c. farm workers.

d. factory workers.

The event that was most responsible for Chávez's group gaining negotiating power

was

a. a strike.

b. a protest march.

c. an act of Congress.

d. a national boycott.

In the 1970s, La Raza Unida focused its efforts on

a. educational reform.

b. electing Latinos to public office.

c. promoting cooperation between various Latino groups.

d. reclaiming land taken from Mexican landholders in the 19th century.

The Indian Education Act gave greater control over the education of Native

Americans to

a. state governments.

b. Native American tribes.

c. the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

d. the American Indian Movement.

In the 1970s, the American Indian Movement organized all of the following

except the

a. occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

b. occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

c. Trail of Broken Treatiesmarch on Washington.

d. meeting that resulted in the Declaration of Indian Purpose.

The modern feminist movement became more organized and focused after the

a. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

b. publication of The Feminine Mystique.

c. publication of the first issue of Ms. magazine.

d. founding of the National Women's Political Caucus.

Phyllis Schlafly became well known for her efforts to

a. get the Equal Rights Amendment ratified.

b. defeat the Equal Rights Amendment.

c. organize radical demonstrations for women's rights.

d. reverse the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade.

The members of the counterculture movement were mostly

a. entertainers, artists, and musicians.

b. Latinos and Native Americans.

c. poor urban youths.

d. white, middle-class college youths.

Conservatives placed the blame for the increasing permissiveness in society on

a. women and minorities.

b. Democrats.

c. campus rebels and the counterculture.

d. the Beatles.

Which of the following was most responsible for the UFWOC earning higher

wages and better benefits for farm workers?

a. a strike

b. a protest march

c. a national boycott

d. an act of Congress

On which right did Native American groups focus in the 1961 Declaration of Indian

Purpose?

a. privacy

b. self-determination

c. property ownership

d. religious freedom

What were the demonstrations organized by the American Indian Movement

designed to do?

a. actively confront the federal government

b. passively resist the federal government

c. build an alliance with other minority groups

d. promote cooperation with the federal government

Whose book The Feminine Mystique inspired women to question their lives?

a. Phyllis Schlafly

b. Gloria Steinem

c. Robin Morgan

d. Betty Friedan

Which group was founded specifically to address the grievances of women that were not adequately addressed by the Civil Rights

Act of 1964?

a. National Organization for Women

b. New Right

c. New Left

d. Ohio Women's Suffrage Association

Which of the following is not considered a force that weakened the counterculture

movement?

a. violent incidents

b. the effects of drug use

c. transcendental meditation

d. dependency on mainstream America

Which group played a key role in helping Ronald Reagan become president in 1980?

a. New Right

b. La Raza Unida

c. National Organization for Women

d. American Indian Movement

Whom did conservatives blame for the increasing permissiveness in American

society?

a. women and minorities

b. democrats

c. the Beatles

d. campus rebels and the counterculture