practical research 2 (quantitative research)
TRANSCRIPT
SISTEMANG HARANA Suggested tune: Harana by Parokya ni Edgar
Sa siyensya, may sistema Sa paglutas ng problema
Dapat tukuyin kung ano itong Mga problemang nakagulo
Identification ang tawag sa phase na ito.
Formulate hypothesis Generate ka na ng list
Sunod-sunod subukin itesting, observing At sa bawat trial nito
Tignan mo ang epekto Kung iyan nga ang dahilan o cause nito
Conclusion, recommendation ang direksyon
SISTEMANG HARANA Suggested tune: Harana by Parokya ni Edgar
Sa siyensya, may sistema Sa paglutas ng problema
Dapat tukuyin kung ano itong Mga problemang nakagulo
Identification ang tawag sa phase na ito.
Formulate hypothesis Generate ka na ng list
Sunod-sunod subukin itesting, observing At sa bawat trial nito
Tignan mo ang epekto Kung iyan nga ang dahilan o cause nito
Conclusion, recommendation ang direksyon
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
NHERU BONOAN VERAFLOR CHRIST THE KING COLLEGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPT.
The purpose of any scientific inquiry is to add to a body of knowledge that helps explain, predict,
or control events of interest in the domain.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative approach designs and examines social phenomena through quantifiable evidence, and often relies on statistical analysis of many causes to create valid and reliable general claims.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
The overall goal of quantitative research is to convey numerically what is being seen in the research and to arrive at specific and observable conditions.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
1. The data are usually gathered using more structured instrument.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
2. The results are based on larger samples sizes that are representative of the population
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
3. The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, give its high reliability
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
4. The researcher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers are sought.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
5. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before the data are collected.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
6. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTI R.
7. Project can be used generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or investigate causal relationship
TYPES OF
VARIABLES
TYPES OF VARIABLES
A variable is something that can take on different values for different
subjects in a given research.
TYPES OF VARIABLES
According to values
According to scale of measurement
According to relationship
TYPES OF VARIABLES
ACCORDING
TO VALUES 1
VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Qualitative Variable or Categorical Variable
These are variables whose data are non-numeric and whose observation vary in kind but not in degree.
1.1.
VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Qualitative Variable or Categorical Variable
Examples: sex- male or female religion- Roman Catholic, Isla, etc civil status- single, married
1.1.
VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Quantitative Variable or Continuous Variable
These are variables whose data are counts or numerical measurements and whose observations vary in magnitude
1.2.
VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Quantitative Variable or Continuous Variable
Examples: age, income, number of children, height, weight
1.2.
VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Quantitative Variable or Continuous Variable
Two types of Quantitative Variable
1.2.1. Discrete Variables 1.2.2. Continuous Variables
1.2.
VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Discrete Variables
Quantitative variables whose observations can assume only a countable numbers and values cannot take the decimal form
1.2.1.
VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Discrete Variables
Examples: number of children in the family number of students in the class Number of houses in the city
1.2.1.
VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Continuous Variables
quantitative variables whose observations can assume any one of the countless number of values in a line interval
1.2.2.
VARIABLES ACC. TO VALUES
Continuous Variables
Examples: height- 5 feet, 4.6 inches weight- 115 lbs 68 kgs time- 1 hour, 46 minutes
1.2.2.
TYPES OF VARIABLES
ACCORDING TO SCALE OF MEASUREMENT
2
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Nominal Variable
variable whose data are non-numeric labels that do not reflect quantitative information
2.1.
Nominal Variable
Examples:
sex- male or female civil status- single, married
2.1.
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Ordinal Variable
Variables where there is a meaningful order or categories but there is no measurable distance between categories
2.2.
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Ordinal Variable
• An ordinal variable is a nominal variable, but its different states are ordered in a meaningful sequence.
• Ordinal data has order but the intervals between scale points may be uneven.
2.2.
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Ordinal Variable
• Because of lack of equal distances, arithmetic operations are impossible, but logical operations can be performed on the ordinal data.
• A typical example of an ordinal variable is the socio-economic status of families.
2.2.
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Interval Variable
Variable whose data values are ranged in a real interval and can be as large as from negative infinity to positive infinity.
2.3.
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Interval Variable
Examples: temperature, IQ level
2.3.
VARIABLES ACC. SCALE MSRMT.
Ratio Variable
• The highest level of measurement that has all the characteristics of the interval plus a true zero point.
• Both the differences and the ration of two values are meaningful and there is always an absolute zero that is meaningful.
2.4.
TYPES OF VARIABLES
ACCORDING RELATIONSHIP 3
VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP
Independent Variable
Manipulated variable that cause change in another variable
3.1.
VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP
Dependent Variable
Those that are affected by independent variables.
3.2.
VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
cause
VARIABLES ACC.RELATIONSHIP
Intervening Variable
These are called test or control variables that either increase or decrease the effect of IV to DV.
3.3.
END