practical experiences and best practices for ssd and ibm i

IBM

©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined

What’s the value and how to optimize

Performance with SSD and IBM i

3605 Highway 52 NorthRochester, MN 55901

Tel 507-253-2367 Fax 845-491-2347

[email protected]

Gottfried Schimunek

Senior ArchitectApplication DesignIBM STG Software Development Lab Services

IBM ISV Enablement

2 ©2012 IBM CorporationPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefinedPower is performance redefined

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Mark Olson, IBM WW Product Manager for providing this comprehensive and detailed presentation


Agenda

SSD introduction/overview

Implementing hot/cold

Performance insights

Roadmap for Power Systems SSD

SSD reference material


Solid State Drive (Flash Technology)

Processors Memory DiskSSD

Very, very, very, very, very fast

Very, very, very fast

Very, very slow comparatively

Fast

Access Speed

1,000,000 -8,000,000 ns

~200,000 ns~100 ns< 10’s ns

There is a huge gap between memory and disk speed


New Solid State Drive (Flash Technology)





Fast

Access Speed

1,000,000 -8,000,000 ns

~200,000 ns~100 ns< 10’s ns

Human Time Context

~ 12.5 hours

~33 minutes

~1 second


Basic Problem --- Disk “Slowing” Down (Relatively)

Capacity growing ok (35% per year), but Read/Seek -1% & Data Rate only 15% per year

While processors & memory speed up and add threads and cacheNet … a growing imbalanced between disk and processor/memory

Seagate 15k RPM/3.5" Drive Specifications

73

450

171

75

3.43.6

2002 2008

Capacity (GB)

Max SustainedDR (MB/s)Read Seek (ms)

+35%

+15%

-1%


177GB eMLC SSD Performance

.25 ms

SingleRead

Latency -Response Time (ms)

Throughput (MB/s)

IO OPERATIONS PER SECOND (IOPS)

64 MB

Write

170 MB

Read

11 k

Random Mixed

70% Read / 30% Write

15 k

Random Read

4 k

Random Write

177GB 2.5” SSD in SAS SFF bays

Power SSD

Note these are drive specific measurements and projections which can vary from what you might experience. The values assume 528 byte sectors running RAID-0 with no protection. Hypothetically if measured with unsupported 512 byte sectors, values would be higher. The values are highly workload dependent. Factors such as read/write mix, random/non-random data, drive cache hits/misses, data compressibility in the drive controller, large/small block, type of RAID or mirroring protection, etc will change these values. These values produced by a server with plenty of processor, memory and controller resources to push this much I/O into the SSD. Most client system applications don’t push SSD nearly this hard.

8.3 – 2.5 ms

~200 MB

~175 MB

0.12 - 0.4 k

0.12 - 0.4 k

0.12 - 0.4 k

For grins …15k rpm HDD


SSD Price Performance





Fast

Prices are suggested list prices for a Power 740 and are subject to change. Reseller prices may vary.

Power 740 (Max 512GB memory)One 32GB Memory feature = $6,390

= $199.69 per GBOne 177GB SSD = $3,588

= $20.27 per GB

SSD only 10% per GB cost of memory

$/GB

One 15k HDD = ~200 IOPS*= $2.49 / IOPS

One 177GB SSD = ~11,000 IOPS*= $0.33 / IOPS

IOPS values vary depending on many configuration and workload variables. The above values are fairly conservative for SSD are represent a 70/30 (read/write) mix. 200 HDD IOPS is better than many HDDs experience.

SSD only 13% per IOPS cost of HDD

$/IOP


World Class eMLC SSD Performance

.20 ms

.25 ms

SingleRead

Latency -Response Time (ms)

Throughput (MB/s)

IO OPERATIONS PER SECOND (IOPS)

375 MB

64 MB

Write

340 MB

170 MB

Read

24 k

11 k

Random Mixed

70% Read / 30% Write

39 k

15 k

Random Read

22 k

4 k

Random Write



Power SSD

Note these are drive specific measurements and projections which can vary from what you might experience. The values assume 528 byte sectors running RAID-0 with no protection. Hypothetically if measured with unsupported 512 byte sectors, values would be higher. The values are highly workload dependent. Factors such as read/write mix, random/non-random data, drive cache hits/misses, data compressibility in the drive controller, large/small block, type of RAID or mirroring protection, etc will change these values. These values produced by a server with plenty of processor, memory and controller resources to push this much I/O into the SSD. Most client system applications don’t push SSD nearly this hard.

8.3 – 2.5 ms

~200 MB

~175 MB

0.12 - 0.4 k

0.12 - 0.4 k

0.12 - 0.4 k

For grins …15k rpm HDD


SSD Price Performance





Fast

Prices are suggested list prices for a Power 740 and are subject to change. Reseller prices may vary.

Power 740 (Max 512GB memory)One 32GB Memory feature = $6,390

= $199.69 per GBOne 387GB SSD = $6,200

= $16.02 per GB

SSD only 8% per GB cost of memory

$/GB

One 15k HDD = ~200 IOPS*= $2.49 / IOPS

One 387GB SSD = ~24,000 IOPS*= $0.26 / IOPS

IOPS values vary depending on many configuration and workload variables. The above values are fairly conservative for SSD are represent a 70/30 (read/write) mix. 200 HDD IOPS is better than many HDDs experience.

SSD only 10% per IOPS cost of HDD

$/IOP


Power eMLC SSD Performance versus 15k rpm HDDDrive to Drive comparisons

Drive-to-drive compares ignore any caching by SAS controller

HDD SSD SSD177GB 387GB

125X

33X

1X

250X

66X

SSD offers up to 66x – 250x more I/O

Operations Per Second (IOPS)

HDD is 12X – 41X slower (latency)

than SSD (milliseconds)


12X

41X

1X1.25X


New eMLC SSD nearly 2X WRITE

throughput (MB/s) than HDD

1X

1.8X


It All Stacks Up

15k rpm HDD(SFF)

177 GB SSD(SFF)

Depending on the workload, the HDD stack may be much higher on the left.

This shows a fairly conservative HDD vs SSD performance comparison

PLUS … the PCI slots for the SAS controllers make the HDD stack higher

1/10th Qty HDD

387 GB SSD(SFF)

1/20th Qty HDD 1/20th Qty HDD

387 GB SSD(1.8”)


Power Solid State Drive

Sweet spots1. Batch window reduction for disk bound applications

You can cut up to 40-50% off window2. Response time - transaction/data base for disk bound applications

Internal drives or perhaps even SAN drives3. Analytics

Key points-- A modest quantity of SSD can often make a big diffe rence -- Both write-heavy and read-heavy work can be fine for today’s SSD –

biggest performance boost for random read workload





Fast

Access Speed

1,000,000 -8,000,000 ns

~200,000 ns~100 ns< 10’s ns


SSD Client - Batch Window Reduction Example 1

Associated Bank needed to reduce month end batch run time from 4+ hours to under 3 hours

SSDs cut 1.5 hours from batch run time �Plus a 16% reduction in # of disk drives

Placed eight DB2 Objects (table, index, view) on SSD

Batch Performance Runs

0

1

2

3

4

5

Hou

rs

72 HDD 72 HDD + 8 SSD 60 HDD + 4 SSD

SSD run 2

SSD run 1

Base run

2:48460

2:43872

4:22072

Batch Run Time

# of SSDs

# of SAS Disk Drives

40% Reduction

Source: IBM Power Systems Performance and Benchmark Center 5-23-09


SSD Client - Batch Window Reduction Example 2

Customer in health care industry needed to reduce batch windows significantly�Daily batch running 10+ hours

�Monthly batch running 30+ hours

Added 12 SSDs to 168 HDDs�Cut 50% from daily run time

�Cut 50% from monthly run time

.H

ours

50% Reduction with SSD

Monthly Daily

Batch Windows


SSD Client – Data Warehouse Example

SAP Customer using Business Intelligence Warehouse (BW 7.0) installed an all-SSD configuration of about 800GB.

�Huge improvement in aggregate builds / compression

�Significant reductions in queries

60-87% reductions with SSD

Sample query 1 Sample query 2 Sample build/compression

7 min5 min

65% reduction

60% reduction

20 min

2 min

4 days

1/2 day

HDD HDDSSD SSD

87% reduction

HDD SSD


SSD Client – Deep Analytics

Client doing complex financial analysis of financial transactions combined with WW economical factors. Millions of records. Insights guide client in making tactical and strategic decisions.

Transformed application from “interesting and helpful” to “critical and essential”

~85% reductions with SSD

Sample build/compression

48 hour Run

6-7 hours

~85% reduction

HDD SSD


SSD Faster Analytics

Faster answersFaster/better decision making

--------------------------SSD example: Leveraging DB2 temp space with

modest amount of SSD capacityFirst query draws data from HDD “relatively slow” ,

but data then cached on SSD. Second, third, fourth, etc query MUCH faster !!!!

When query work of this data ceases, SSD space reused for new queries.

Questions/analysis are usually iterative. The first question generates additional drill-down or expanded questions. The raw data for the first question gets reused a lot until the topic exploration is completed. Example – “what am i selling?” � “what am i selling in the evening?” � “what am i selling in the evening by store?” � etc, etc

Data Warehouse

Iterative / drill-down question

1234


SSD Client Example – IPL Reduction

IBM Development has projected modest improvement for IBM i and for AIX, but …..

IBM i POWER6 520 client with 16 drives (4 SSD and 12 HDD) �Client put load source on SSD�Now reporting 3 minute IPLs

POWER7 IBM i client also reporting 3 minute IPLs

Much faster PTF applications

Less downtime

What is your cost per minute or cost per hour for d own time? How long is your typical IPL?


Many Systems Buy “Extra” Disk Arms for Performance

HDD % utilization of capacity is held low to help ensure higher I/O performance and more consistent response time - arm movement, spinning platter an issue

Write cache and read cache attempt to buffer the impact

SSD % utilization of capacity not restricted

Often less than 30-50% full for performance sensitive workloads

Can run much closer to 100% full


Mixed SSD + HDD Can be Great Solution

ColdHot

Hot data may be only 10-20% capacity, but represent 80-90% activity

SSD offers best price performance when focused on “hot” data HDD offers best storage cost, so focus it on “cold” data …. a hierarchical approach

It is typical for data bases to have a large percentage of data which is infrequently used (“cold”) and a small percentage of data which is frequently used (“hot”)

May be able to use larger HDD and/or a larger % capacity used

Can run SSD closer to 100% capacity


Save Space/Energy/Cooling

A few SSD can often replace many HDD

Fewer total drivesMaybe fewer controllers

Fewer I/O drawersFewer cables

I/O drawer maintenance reduction can offset SSD maintenance


A Power 740 Scenario (your situation will vary)

Power 740 �Single LPAR�IBM i V6R1

All HDD, 28 drives, mirrored versus

Mixed HDD & SSD, mirrored�12 15k RPM HDDs�4 SAS-bay-based 177GB SSDs

Achieves similar performance results

All HDD Mix HDD & SSD

Energy


Acquisition


Maintenance


Rack "U's"

40%

39%

22%

9%


Should You Use SAN/SVC SSD or Internal SSD?

yesyes

yesyes

Pro’s Con’s

Use Internal

SSD

Use SAN/SVC

SSD

“Internal” = drives located in a system unit, in an I/O drawer with PCI slots or in a disk-only I/O drawer.


DAS & SAN - Two Good Options

DASDirect Attached Storage

(“internal”)

SANStorage Area Network

(“external”)

Both options are strategicBoth options have their strengthsCan use both options on the same

server

• Fastest (lower latency)

• Typically lower cost hardware/software

• Often simpler config

• Fast • Multi-server sharing• Advanced functions/values

Flash Copy, Metro/Global Mirror, Live Partition Mobility, Easy Tier


SSD - SAN/SVC or Internal …. Or Mixed?

Pro’s Con’s

Use Internal

SSD

Use SAN/SVC

SSD

1. Lower latency - internal is about 0.3 milliseconds faster (per access .. it can add up) (can be larger)

2. If don’t already have SAN/SVC, lower cost & less learning

3. Multiple Config options4. Handle just like other internal

storage

1. If already have SAN/SVC, adds complexity of having internal PLUS SAN/SVC

2. Reduces value of SAN/SVC high function capabilities – Flash Copy, MetroMirror, HA, partition mobility, etc

1. Leverage SAN/SVC well-known value proposition of manageability, control, functionality, performance, etc

2. If already have SAN/SVC, less learning, reduced cost to add

3. DS8000 & V7000 EasyTier

1. If don’t have SAN/SVC, need initial SAN/SVC investment in hardware, software, skills

2. Many medium/entry SAN/SVC don’t offer SSD

MIXED: If using a SAN/SVC which doesn’t have SSD, OR if not using the higher function capability of a SAN/SVC (for example you do backup/restore functions just like it was an internal drive); THEN combining internal Power Systems SSD with SAN/SVC storage can be a good thing.

“Internal” = drives located in a system unit, in an I/O drawer with PCI slots or in a disk-only I/O drawer.


SSD Technology “Myth”

“Beware SSD as they wear out as they have a limited number of writes”

Key facts to correct myth …. this is not a concern for IBM Power Systems SSD

�IBM Power Systems SSD are industrial/enterprise drives designed to handle this. Design points are many years of 24x7x365 heavy write workloads. These are not “PC-grade” or “consumer-grade” flash drives.

�Even if you do somehow “use up all the writes”, the SSD reports status prior to it being a real problem to the server and server sends a message to the operator or to IBM for a future scheduled repair action. This is just like a disk drive reporting a weakening status. Replacement SSD is covered under IBM Maintenance.

�Just like disk drives, you want to protect contents using system mirroring or RAID protection


Agenda







Implementing “Hot” and “Cold” Data

IBM i#1 Best integrated, automated capability available in the industry today�“Trace and Balance” function part of

IBM i – automated in i 7.1�Monitors by partition or ASP (Aux

Storage Pool) to determine hot/cold�Upon request, automatically moves hot

data to SSD, cold to HDD�Can re-monitor & rebalance any time

A few key OS files can automatically be placed on SSD Can specify specific data base objects to be placed on SSDSee white paper for additional insightsAdditional enhancements being developed

AIXAbility to granularly/flexibly select and locate hot files on SSD�Key AIX performance tools are filemon

& iostat. �Database vendors provide hot data

analysis tools, example: DB2 Snapshot. Migrating hot data�Migratepv is often useful�Softek Migration Tool provides a nice

suite of functions and can be combined with IBM Services

�See Total Storage Productivity CenterSSD white paper for additional insightsNew/enhanced tools being developed


IBM i Load Balancer

Industry leading automated capabilityMonitors partition/ASP using “trace”

�User turns trace on during a peak time�User turns trace off after reasonable

sample time�Negligible performance impact expected�Tool monitors “reads” to identify hot data�Looks at 1MB stripes of data

Upon command, automatically moves hot data to SSD, cold data to HDD�Minimal performance impact, done in

backgroundCan remonitor and rebalance any time

�Probably a weekly or monthly activity�Perhaps less often if data not volatile

IBM i intelligent hot/cold placement makes a big difference vs normal IBM striping / scattering of data across all drives.

This example 72 HDD + 16 SSD

Trans/min

App

licat

ion

Res

pons

e tim

e

72 HDD + 16 SSD No Balance

72 HDD + 16 SSD Data Balanced

Predicting/analyzing what % of data is hot for presale analysis to help size the number of SSD required:

• Use PEX tool/output • Output from monitor (will need technical person to interpret)


IBM i SSD Balancing One of 5 ASP Balancing Types

Balance data between busy units and idle units (STRASPBAL TYPE(*USAGE))

Make all of the units in the ASP have the same percent full (STRASPBAL TYPE(*CAPACITY))

Drain the data from a disk, to prepare unit it to be removed from the configuration (STRASPBAL TYPE(*MOVDTA))

(Almost obsolete) move hot data off of a compressed disk, and move cold data to the compressed disk (STRASPBAL TYPE(*HSM)) Requires specific disk controllers with compression capability – feats #2741/2748/2778. Compression only allowed in user ASPs

Move cold data to HDDs and movehot data to SSDs (STRASPBAL TYPE(*HSM))


Using TRCASPBAL to place hot data on SSDs – IBM i

Trace ASP balance counts the read operations based on 1MB stripes�TRCASPBAL SET(*ON) ASP(1) TIMLMT(*NOMAX)

Start ASP balance moves the data �STRASPBAL TYPE(*HSM) ASP(1) TIMLMT(*NOMAX)�Target is 50% of read operations to be on SSD�Cold data is moved (multiple threads) to HDDs, hot data is

moved (single thread) to SSD

HDD3 HDD4 SSDHDD2HDD1

100 500 100 2000 6000

10000 1200 6000 3000 100

300 800 500 900 900

0 4000 300 400 300

200 600 700 1000 100100

300

900100

100

300

900100 10000

6000

4000

10000

6000

4000


How to Find Hot Tables and Indexes - IBM i

Performance Explorer�BY FAR the best solution�Perform analysis based on read complete and write

complete eventsDB2 maintains statistics about the number of operations on a table or index �Statistics are zeroed on each IPL�Statistics only identify candidates (logical operations include

both random and sequential operations)�Available via:� Display file description (DSPFD)� Application programming interface (API) QUSRMBRD� System i Navigator Health Center (V6R1 only)� SQL catalog queries


Agenda







Summary Performance Comparisons of 3 SSD Options

Similar, may be a little slower in

write-heavy usage

Base compare(reference

point)Similar

SSD drive(no controller

considerations)

eMLCSLCeMLCFlash Technology

177 GB69 GB177 GBGB capacity

SAS-Bay-BasedPCIe-basedSSD

* Assuming same number of drives per controller/adapter


Performance Comparisons of 69/177GB SSD Options

Typically somewhat slower(0-5% mixed HDD/SSD)

(0-15% SSD only) (due to add’l function in SSD)

Base compare (reference point)

Similar throughput, but potentially slower response

time due to no write cache * -----

Bigger impact if RAID-5/6

SSD PLUS Controller performance Write heavy workload

Typically similarBase compare

(reference point)Typically similar *

SSD PLUS Controller performance Read heavy workload

Similar, but can vary a littleBase compare

(reference point)Similar, but can vary a little

SSD only performance (no controller) read heavy workload

Controlled by #5805/5903 or by #5906 adapter up to

9/8 drives per controller/controller pair

Controlled by #5805/5903 or by #5906 adapter up to 9/8 drives per controller/controller

pair

Tied directly to ONE controller with no write cache with max 4 drives. RAID-5 slowed due to

no write cache.

Controllers / adapters

Typically somewhat slower (0-15%)

(due to add’l function in SSD)

Base compare(reference point)

SimilarSSD-only performance (no controller) write heavy workload

eMLCSLCeMLCFlash Technology

177 GB69 GB177 GBGB capacity

SAS-Bay-BasedPCIe-basedSSD

* Assuming same number of drives per controller/adapter


Other Performance Insights – background reading• Time to Write on a HDD is the same as time to read on an HDD (1:1 ratio)• Time to Write on an SSD is much longer than a read on an SSD around (3:1 ratio)• Thus the biggest SSD performance boost is for reads compared to HDD.

�SSDs do reads at < 1 ms while from HDD are typically around 3-15 ms• Writes to SSD are faster than writes to HDD …. BUT …. Write cache on a SAS controller is even faster than

a write to SSD. SSD can empty out the write cache faster than HDD, so SSD+write cache is generally faster than HDD+write cache, but comparisons have more “it depends” caveats

• The size of information being handled makes a difference. Handling bigger blocks of data takes longer, especially if doing writes.

• Randomness of information also plays a part. If there are a lot of smaller blocks of information which happen to be close together where they will be eventually be stored, then they are more likely to be in the same page of space in the SSD device’s internal controller. Thus the access and/or writes can happen “above” the real flash memory and is faster.

• HDD have had ongoing cost/GB improvements over the last 5-10years, but have had little access performance enhancements. Most performance boosts have been through enhancements in controllers of HDD, not the spinning platter or arm. No significant HDD performance improvements are currently foreseen. Thus the gap between server memory and HDD will continue to widen.

• If operating system can predict the data needed, it can issue a read prior to the application making the request reducing HDD delay to application. But random reads by definition are not feasible to pre-fetch. Applications with lots of random reads are thus THE ideal area for SSD benefits.

• Alternatives to SSD – 1) Can “pin” information in memory. This is even faster than SSD. But SSD can provide a lot more GB of capacity and is usually more cost effective per GB. 2) Also could go buy a lot more adapters with write cache and/or spread data out, but this is less cost effective than SSD.

• If an HDD fails, it can take hours to format and bring the new HDD into sync with either its mirrored pair or with the rest of the RAID-5 array. The larger the drive’s capacity, the longer the resync time can be. Until re-synced there is risk a second failure could crash the partition or application. If an SSD is replaced, the time to resync so that the RAID array or mirroring protection is restored is MUCH, MUCH faster (minutes vs hours) with SSD than HDD.

• For absolute best performance use internal SSD vs SAN SSD. There in about 0.3ms (3/10ths milliseconds) additional latency in accessing SAN. For I/O intensive applications this adds up. But SANs can offer a lot of other operational and managerial advantages for many clients. The performance trade off may be a good thing to do in the overall decision.

• For VERY rough rules of thumb for mixing HDD & SSD – use about 5-15% of the GB of the data – or use about 5-10% of the drives.


SSD Config Options --- April 2012

Power Systems (internal / DAS)

DS8000SVC

V7000XIV

SAN-based

#5913 Gen2 PCIe 1800MB cache

#ESA1/A2 Gen2 PCIe 0 MB cache

#5805 Gen1 PCIe 380MB cache

#5888 Ultra Drawer 3100MB cache

In CEC w/ intSAS contrlr

#2053/54/55 RAID & SSD SAS Adapter

SAS-bay-based SSDPCIe-based SSD

Many DAS SSD config options* for Power ClientsOptions vary

�Performance�Price�Physical size�Where tested/supported�Function

* PCI-X 1.5GB SAS adapter not shown to focus on most current technologies


Power DAS SSD Options: April 2012

30242493-8 mdl dependent4Max SSD attach

N/AW1 ~24W2 ~24

W1 ~24W2 ~24

W1 4-6W2 3-4

W1 2-3W2 1-2

W1 4W2 3-4

Max 177GB busy SSD reasonably supported @

3100018003801750Write cache (MB)

YYYYNNPowerHA: share w/ 2 servers

$24.5k + $2k PCIe adpter

$6.1k + 6.1k + $5.4k drwr

$15k/pair + $5.4k drawer

$4.4k/pair + $5.4k drawer

0$3k + 2PCIe slots

Approximate USA list price with zero SSD for Mdl 740

N (SOD)NNNNNEasy Tier

1U2U+2U+2U+N/AdependsRack space needed

N (SOD)NYNYNMix HDD & SSD

AIX / LinuxYYYYYAIX/IBM i/Linux support

710 �� 740N (SOD)N

Y 720/740 limit *

NN

Y 710/730 limit**

Y not 710/730

Y 177GB SSD

Y 710/730 limit**

Y not 710/730

Y 177GB SSD

YY, except 795N

YY, except 795Y, except 595

Servers supported- Newest 710-740 (C models) - Rest POWER7 710-795 - POWER6

177 or 387

W1 ~20W2 ~14

0

2

#5913 & #5887***

177 or 387

W1 ~18W2 ~14

0

2

#ESA1/A2 & #5887***

177 or 387

W1 2-3W2 1-2

0

2

#5805 & #5887***

387177 or 387177GB / SSD

W1 ~22W2 ~14

W1 1-2W2 1

N/AMax 387GB busy SSD reasonably supported @

1-2 (710/730=2)00Number GX slots used

002 (4 mirror)Number PCIe slots used

#5888 Ultra Drawer

In CEC w/ intSAS contrlr

#2053/54/55

SAS-bay-based SSDPCIe-based SSD

Prices subject to change. Reseller prices can vary.

@ This is a simple rule of thumb. Actual reasonable maximum depends on many factors. * ESA1 not in 720/740 system unit. Can place in #5802/5877 I/O drawer attached to 720/740 ** Not in 710/730 system unit, but 730 (8231-E2C) can have in #5802/5877 I/O drawer *** Possible to use #5802 or 5803 I/O drawer instead of #5887 EXP24S Drawer. Max 177GB SSD attach would differ for #5913 and ESA1/ESA2W1 = transaction/command/CPW type workload, smaller block, IOPS sensitive RAID5W2 = save/restore/large-file type workload, Throughput sensitive. RAID5 Assumes #5887 is in mode2 using two SAS ports for higher bandwidth.


Notes: • Data points measured using an artificial transaction workload which IBM believes will reasonably represent many commercial client

workloads. Differences in application usage and data, for example the percentage of random reads vs percentage of writes can impact this comparison. (Your results may differ.) The above measurement used 60% reads and 40% writes.

• Write cache was turned on for #5903/5278 adapters. #2055 has no write cache. .

Performance: PCIe-Based vs. 69GB SAS-Bay-Based SSDUsing 380MB Write Cache RAID Adapters running SAS-B ay-Based

(2) #2055 + (8) 177GB SSDRunning RAID-5 4 PCIe slots

(2) #5903/5278 adapters + (8) 69GB SSDRunning RAID-52 PCIe slots

Similar performance – RAID-5 to RAID-5

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000

Appl Trans/min

App

l Res

pons

e tim

e (m

s)

SAS-Bay-Based PCIe-Based

SAS-bay-based 177GB SSD similar to 69GB SSD



workloads. Differences in application usage and data, for example the percentage of random reads vs percentage of writes can impact this comparison. (Your results may vary.) The above measurement used 60% reads and 40% writes.

• Write cache was turned on for #5903/5278 adapters. #2055 has no write cache. .

Performance: PCIe-Based vs. 69GB SAS-Bay-Based SSDUsing 380MB Write Cache RAID Adapters running SAS-B ay-Based

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

0 50000 100000 150000 200000

Application trans/min

App

l Res

pons

e tim

e (m

s)

(2) #2055 + (8) 177GB SSDRunning mirroring4 PCIe slots

(2) #5903/5278 adapters + (8) 69GB SSDRunning RAID-52 PCIe slots

SAS-Bay-Based

PCIe-Based

Mirrored PCIe-based outperforms Medium cache RAID-5 SAS-Bay-Based



Performance: PCIe-Based vs. 69GB SAS-Bay-Based SSDUsing 1500MB Write Cache RAID Adapters running SAS- Bay-Based SSD

(1) #2055 + (4) 177GB SSDRunning RAID-52 PCIe slots

(1) #5904/6/8 adapters + (4) 69GB SSDRunning RAID-52 PCI-X slots

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

0 20000 40000 60000 80000

Application trans/min

App

l Res

pons

e tim

e (m

s)

SAS-Bay-Based

PCIe-Based


workloads. Differences in application usage and data, for example the percentage of random reads vs percentage of writes can impact this comparison. (Your results may vary.) The above measurement used 60% reads and 40% writes.

• Write cache was turned on for #5904/6/8 adapters. #2055 has no write cache.

Large cache PCI-X adapter & SSD outperforms PCIe-Based SSD( RAID-5 to RAID-5 )



Performance: HDD vs. SSD+HDD HybridUsing 380MB Write Cache RAID Adapters running SAS-B ay-Based

(2) 5903/5278 + (18) HDDRunning mirrored

(2) #5903/5278 adapters ) + (18) HDD+ (2) #2055 + (8) 177GB SSDRunning mirroredHot data located on SSD

Adding SSD and placing hot data on SSD, grew workload capability by nearly 3X

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000

Application Trans/min

App

l Res

pons

e T

ime

(ms)

HDD only

SSD+HDD hybrid


workloads. Differences in application usage and data, for example the percentage of random reads vs percentage of writes can impact this comparison. The above measurement used 60% reads and 40% writes.

• Write cache was turned on for #5903/5278 adapters. #2055 has no write cache.


SSD Analyzer Package

Download from SSD Techdoc site: http://www-03.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf/WebIndex/PRS3780

Provides:- SSD Analysis Overview- Disk Read Time- Job & Tasks by Read Time

Drilldown from here into CS & GHI perspectives


Disk Response Time Charts

Detailed charts are based upon the increased detail QAPMDISKRB groups

Use tooltips to fly over & get specific data


CSI – SSD Candidate Screening

�Offered at 7.1 only, helps a user determine if SSDs could help performance. It needs data from QAPMDISKRB.


CSI – SSD Candidate Screening

�Offered at 7.1 only, helps a user determine if SSDs could help performance.


CSI – SSD Candidate Screening job details report

�This is similar to the green screen SSD Analyzer to ol:http://www-03.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf /WebIndex/PRS3780


Agenda







Power Systems SSD Statements of DirectionProvided August 2010

IBM plans to enhance its Power Systems Enterprise Class SSD solutions with technology designed to continue to provide significant improvements in performance and storage density over time. IBM plans for these IBM Power Systems enhancements to include both SAS-bay-based and PCIe-based SSD product offerings that will leverage IBM's investments in its SSD optimized Enterprise Class RAID Storage Controllers.

All statements regarding IBM's future direction & intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represents goals & objectives only. Information regarding potential future products is intended to outline our general product direction and it should not be relied on in making a purchase decision. The information mentioned regarding potential future products is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality. Information about potential future products may not be incorporated into any contract. The development, release, and timing of any future features or functionality described for our products remains at our sole discretion.


Power Solid State Drives (SSD) Roadmap

2009• Apr/May - Introduction SAS-bay-based• July/Oct/Nov - Misc enhancements• Nov/Dec - Huge price action – matching memory price action2010• Feb - support in Power 750, 755, 770, 780 • April - IBM i 7.1 enhancements• August - Support in new POWER7 servers & AIX 7.1

enhancements• August - Introduce additional SSD config option … PCIe-based2011 • Enhancements to both SAS-bay-based and PCIe-based SSD

�More capacity in SSD devices�More performance in SAS controllers

2012 … more enhancements

See SODs made August 2010. All statements regarding IBM's future direction & intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represents goals & objectives only.


Roadmap: SSD Configuration 2011 Options

SAS-bay-based

PCIe-based

PCI SAS controller

SAS Bays

SS

D

SS

D

SS

D

SS

D

SS

D

SS

D

SS

D

PCIe SAS controller S

SD

SS

DS

SD

SS

D

Double-wide PCIe card(need pair for hot plug)

Up to 4 SSD modules

Larger capacity SSDContinue Hot plug SSDMore SSD modules / controller

New PCIe card(pair for redundancy)

Large cache, high performance

SS

D

SS

D

SS

D

See SODs made August 2010. All statements regarding IBM's future direction & intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represents goals & objectives only.


Agenda







SSD Analyzer Tool for IBM i

SSD ANALYSIS TOOL (ANZSSDDTA)

Type choices, press Enter.

PERFORMANCE MEMBER . . . . . . . *DEFAULT__ Name, *DEFAULTLIBRARY . . . . . . . . . . . __________ Name

Additional Parameters

REPORT TYPE . . . . . . . . . . *SUMMARY *DETAIL, *SUMMARY, *BOTH TIME PERIOD:: START TIME AND DATE:: BEGINNING TIME . . . . . . . . *AVAIL__ Time, *AVAIL BEGINNING DATE . . . . . . . . *BEGIN__ Date, *BEGIN END TIME AND DATE:: ENDING TIME . . . . . . . . . *AVAIL__ Time, *AVAIL ENDING DATE . . . . . . . . . *END____ Date, *END

NUMBER OF RECORDS IN REPORT . . 50__ 0 - 9999

Bottom F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F13=How to use this display F24=More keys

Available via www.ibm.com/support/techdocs in “Presentations & Tools”. Search using keyword SSD

• Quick, easy, no-charge analysis looks at standard performance report output• Provides “probably yes”, “probably no”, or “maybe• Provides rough estimate of quantity of SSD to recommend


Additional Marketing Materials

Brochure ….

Power System SSD Web pages�Positioning, educating, linking to other materials�www.ibm.com/systems/power/hardware/peripherals/ssd/index.html

Additional white paper information being worked on by Development –availability dates TBD

List of existing SSD white papers follow on separate slides


SSD Brochure

Sales personnel can access brochure through SSI / PW web pages


Power Systems SSD Web Pages

Several informative pages on SSD positioned from a Power Systems perspective

http://www.ibm.com/systems/power/hardware/peripherals/ssd/index.html


Five Power Systems SSD White Papers

IBM Power SSD vs Consumer SSD (posted Nov 2009)�“Advantages of True Enterprise Solid State Drives (SSDs) in Enterprise

Systems”AIX-specific (posted Apr 2009)

�“Driving Business Value on Power Systems with Solid State Drives”IBM i-specific (posted May 2009)

�“Performance Value of Solid State Drives using IBM i”�First published May 2009

More SSD technology specific – AIX/IBM i/Linux appropriate (posted Jun 2009)�“Performance Impacts of Flash SSDs Upon IBM Power Systems”

Above papers in Power Systems web site under “Resources/Literature”�http://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/apilite?infotype=SA&i nfosubt=WH&lastdays

=1825&hitlimit=200&ctvwcode=US&pubno=POW*USEN&appna me=STGE_PO_PO_USEN_WH&additional=summary&contents=keeponlit

5th paper for an SAP environment�http://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/db4?rid=/library/uui d/90a1637e-065f-2c10-

3ab7-bea9375fc88d


i Oriented References/Tool

IBM - Performance Management on IBM i Resource Libraryhttp://www.ibm.com/systems/i/advantages/perfmgmt/resource.html

Performance Value of Solid State Drives using IBM ihttp://www.ibm.com/systems/resources/ssd_ibmi.pdf

Performance Impacts of Flash SSDs Upon IBM Power Systemshttp://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?infotype=SA&subtype=WH&htmlfid=POW03028USEN&attachment=POW03028USEN.PDF&appname=STGE_PO_PO_USEN_WH

Driving Business Value on Power Systems with Solid State Driveshttp://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?infotype=SA&subtype=WH&htmlfid=POW03025USEN&attachment=POW03025USEN.PDF&appname=STGE_PO_PO_USEN_WH

IBM Systems Lab Services and Traininghttp://www.ibm.com/systems/services/labservices

IBM Power Systems(i) Benchmarking and Proof-of-Concept Centershttp://www.ibm.com/systems/i/support/benchmarkcenters


Agenda






Questions?

IBM


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TakTakTakTak

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DankeDankeDankeDanke

IBM



Performance and Scalability Services

The IBM i Performance and Scalability Services Center can provide facilities and hardware IN ROCHESTER to assist you in testing hardware or software changes

� “Traditional” benchmarks

� Release-to-release upgrades

� Assess application performance when migrating to a new release of IBM I

� Stress test your system

� Determine impact of application changes

� Proofs of Concept (e.g. HA alternatives; SSD analysis, external storage, etc.)

� Evaluate application scalability

� Capacity planning

… all with the availability of Lab Services IBM i experts and development personnel

To request any of these services, submit at:


Our Mission and Profile

� Support the IBM Systems Agenda and accelerate the adoption of new products and solutions

� Maximize performance of our clients’ existing IBM systems

� Deliver technical training, conferences, and other services tailored to meet client needs

� Team with IBM Service Providers to optimize the deployment of IBM solutions (GTS, GBS, SWG Lab Services and our IBM Business Partners)

Our Competitive Advantage

� Leverage relationships with the IBM development labs to build deep technical skills and exploit the expertise of our developers

� Combined expertise of Lab Services and the Training for Systems team

� Skills can be deployed worldwide to assure all client needs can be met

Mainframe Systems

Power Systems

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System Storage

IT Infrastructure Optimization

Data Center Services

Training Services

IBM Systems Lab Services and Training

Successful worldwide history: 17 years in Americas, 9 years in Europe/Middle East/Africa,

5 years in Asia Pacific

www.ibm.com/systems/services/labservices [email protected]


This document was developed for IBM offerings in the United States as of the date of publication. IBM may not make these offerings available in other countries, and the information is subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the IBM offerings available in your area.

Information in this document concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of these products or other public sources. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products.

IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents. Send license inquires, in writing, to IBM Director of Licensing, IBM Corporation, New Castle Drive, Armonk, NY 10504-1785 USA.

All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

The information contained in this document has not been submitted to any formal IBM test and is provided "AS IS" with no warranties or guarantees either expressed or implied.

All examples cited or described in this document are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some IBM products can be used and the results that may be achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual client configurations and conditions.

IBM Global Financing offerings are provided through IBM Credit Corporation in the United States and other IBM subsidiaries and divisions worldwide to qualified commercial and government clients. Rates are based on a client's credit rating, financing terms, offering type, equipment type and options, and may vary by country. Other restrictions may apply. Rates and offerings are subject to change, extension or withdrawal without notice.

IBM is not responsible for printing errors in this document that result in pricing or information inaccuracies.

All prices shown are IBM's United States suggested list prices and are subject to change without notice; reseller prices may vary.

IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply.

Any performance data contained in this document was determined in a controlled environment. Actual results may vary significantly and are dependent on many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been made on development-level systems. There is no guarantee these measurements will be the same on generally-available systems. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been estimated through extrapolation. Users of this document should verify the applicable data for their specific environment.

Revised September 26, 2006

Special notices


IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com AIX, AIX (logo), AIX 5L, AIX 6 (logo), AS/400, BladeCenter, Blue Gene, ClusterProven, DB2, ESCON, i5/OS, i5/OS (logo), IBM Business Partner (logo), IntelliStation, LoadLeveler, Lotus, Lotus Notes, Notes, Operating System/400, OS/400, PartnerLink, PartnerWorld, PowerPC, pSeries, Rational, RISC System/6000, RS/6000, THINK, Tivoli, Tivoli (logo), Tivoli Management Environment, WebSphere, xSeries, z/OS, zSeries, Active Memory, Balanced Warehouse, CacheFlow, Cool Blue, IBM Systems Director VMControl, pureScale, TurboCore, Chiphopper, Cloudscape, DB2 Universal Database, DS4000, DS6000, DS8000, EnergyScale, Enterprise Workload Manager, General Parallel File System, , GPFS, HACMP, HACMP/6000, HASM, IBM Systems Director Active Energy Manager, iSeries, Micro-Partitioning, POWER, PowerExecutive, PowerVM, PowerVM (logo), PowerHA, Power Architecture, Power Everywhere, Power Family, POWER Hypervisor, Power Systems, Power Systems (logo), Power Systems Software, Power Systems Software (logo), POWER2, POWER3, POWER4, POWER4+, POWER5, POWER5+, POWER6, POWER6+, POWER7, System i, System p, System p5, System Storage, System z, TME 10, Workload Partitions Manager and X-Architecture are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. If these and other IBM trademarked terms are marked on their first occurrence in this information with a trademark symbol (® or ™), these symbols indicate U.S. registered or common law trademarks owned by IBM at the time this information was published. Such trademarks may also be registered or common law trademarks in other countries.

A full list of U.S. trademarks owned by IBM may be found at: http://www.ibm.com /legal/copytrade.shtml.

Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries.AltiVec is a trademark of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.AMD Opteron is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.InfiniBand, InfiniBand Trade Association and the InfiniBand design marks are trademarks and/or service marks of the InfiniBand Trade Association. Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.IT Infrastructure Library is a registered trademark of the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency which is now part of the Office of Government Commerce.Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.Linear Tape-Open, LTO, the LTO Logo, Ultrium, and the Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM Corp. and Quantum in the U.S. and other countries.Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries or both.Microsoft, Windows and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries or both.NetBench is a registered trademark of Ziff Davis Media in the United States, other countries or both.SPECint, SPECfp, SPECjbb, SPECweb, SPECjAppServer, SPEC OMP, SPECviewperf, SPECapc, SPEChpc, SPECjvm, SPECmail, SPECimap and SPECsfs are trademarks of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corp (SPEC).The Power Architecture and Power.org wordmarks and the Power and Power.org logos and related marks are trademarks and service marks licensed by Power.org.TPC-C and TPC-H are trademarks of the Transaction Performance Processing Council (TPPC).UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States, other countries or both.

Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.

Revised December 2, 2010

Special notices (cont.)


The IBM benchmarks results shown herein were derived using particular, well configured, development-level and generally-available computer systems. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems they are considering buying and should consider conducting application oriented testing. For additional information about the benchmarks, values and systems tested, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller or access the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor.

IBM benchmark results can be found in the IBM Power Systems Performance Report at http://www.ibm.com/systems/p/hardware/system_perf.html .

All performance measurements were made with AIX or AIX 5L operating systems unless otherwise indicated to have used Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of AIX were used. All other systems used previous versions of AIX. The SPEC CPU2006, LINPACK, and Technical Computing benchmarks were compiled using IBM's high performance C, C++, and FORTRAN compilers for AIX 5L and Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of these compilers were used: XL C for AIX v11.1, XL C/C++ for AIX v11.1, XL FORTRAN for AIX v13.1, XL C/C++ for Linux v11.1, and XL FORTRAN for Linux v13.1.

For a definition/explanation of each benchmark and the full list of detailed results, visit the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor.

TPC http://www.tpc.orgSPEC http://www.spec.orgLINPACK http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/performance.pdfPro/E http://www.proe.comGPC http://www.spec.org/gpcVolanoMark http://www.volano.comSTREAM http://www.cs.virginia.edu/stream/SAP http://www.sap.com/benchmark/Oracle, Siebel, PeopleSoft http://www.oracle.com/apps_benchmark/Baan http://www.ssaglobal.comFluent http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/index.htmTOP500 Supercomputers http://www.top500.org/Ideas International http://www.ideasinternational.com/benchmark/bench.htmlStorage Performance Council http://www.storageperformance.org/results


Notes on benchmarks and values



Notes on HPC benchmarks and values

The IBM benchmarks results shown herein were derived using particular, well configured, development-level and generally-available computer systems. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems they are considering buying and should consider conducting application oriented testing. For additional information about the benchmarks, values and systems tested, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller or access the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor.

IBM benchmark results can be found in the IBM Power Systems Performance Report at http://www.ibm.com/systems/p/hardware/system_perf.html .

All performance measurements were made with AIX or AIX 5L operating systems unless otherwise indicated to have used Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of AIX were used. All other systems used previous versions of AIX. The SPEC CPU2006, LINPACK, and Technical Computing benchmarks were compiled using IBM's high performance C, C++, and FORTRAN compilers for AIX 5L and Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of these compilers were used: XL C for AIX v11.1, XL C/C++ for AIX v11.1, XL FORTRAN for AIX v13.1, XL C/C++ for Linux v11.1, and XL FORTRAN for Linux v13.1. Linpack HPC (Highly Parallel Computing) used the current versions of the IBM Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL). For Power7 systems, IBM Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL) for AIX Version 5.1 and IBM Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL) for Linux Version 5.1 were used.

For a definition/explanation of each benchmark and the full list of detailed results, visit the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor.SPEC http://www.spec.orgLINPACK http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/performance.pdfPro/E http://www.proe.comGPC http://www.spec.org/gpcSTREAM http://www.cs.virginia.edu/stream/Fluent http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/index.htmTOP500 Supercomputers http://www.top500.org/AMBER http://amber.scripps.edu/FLUENT http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/fl5bench/index.htmGAMESS http://www.msg.chem.iastate.edu/gamessGAUSSIAN http://www.gaussian.comANSYS http://www.ansys.com/services/hardware-support-db.htm

Click on the "Benchmarks" icon on the left hand side frame to expand. Click on "Benchmark Results in a Table" icon for benchmark results.ABAQUS http://www.simulia.com/support/v68/v68_performance.phpECLIPSE http://www.sis.slb.com/content/software/simulation/index.asp?seg=geoquest&MM5 http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/MSC.NASTRAN http://www.mscsoftware.com/support/prod%5Fsupport/nastran/performance/v04_sngl.cfmSTAR-CD www.cd-adapco.com/products/STAR-CD/performance/320/index/htmlNAMD http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/namdHMMER http://hmmer.janelia.org/

http://powerdev.osuosl.org/project/hmmerAltivecGen2mod


Revised April 2, 2007

Notes on performance estimates

rPerf for AIX

rPerf (Relative Performance) is an estimate of commercial processing performance relative to other IBM UNIX systems. It is derived from an IBM analytical model which uses characteristics from IBM internal workloads, TPC and SPEC benchmarks. The rPerf model is not intended to represent any specific public benchmark results and should not be reasonably used in that way. The model simulates some of the system operations such as CPU, cache and memory. However, the model does not simulate disk or network I/O operations.

rPerf estimates are calculated based on systems with the latest levels of AIX and other pertinent software at the time of system announcement. Actual performance will vary based on application and configuration specifics. The IBM eServer pSeries 640 is the baseline reference system and has a value of 1.0. Although rPerf may be used to approximate relative IBM UNIX commercial processing performance, actual system performance may vary and is dependent upon many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Note that the rPerf methodology used for the POWER6 systems is identical to that used for the POWER5 systems. Variations in incremental system performance may be observed in commercial workloads due to changes in the underlying system architecture.

All performance estimates are provided "AS IS" and no warranties or guarantees are expressed or implied by IBM. Buyers should consult other sources of information, including system benchmarks, and application sizing guides to evaluate the performance of a system they are considering buying. For additional information about rPerf, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller.

========================================================================

CPW for IBM i

Commercial Processing Workload (CPW) is a relative measure of performance of processors running the IBM i operating system. Performance in customer environments may vary. The value is based on maximum configurations. More performance information is available in the Performance Capabilities Reference at: www.ibm.com/systems/i/solutions/perfmgmt/resource.html


Source: If applicable, describe source origin

Trademarks and Disclaimers

8 IBM Corporation 1994-2010. All rights reserved.References in this document to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in every country.Trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both can be found on the World Wide Web at http://www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml.

Adobe, Acrobat, PostScript and all Adobe-based trademarks are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, other countries, or both.

Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registeredtrademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.

Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both.Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.IT Infrastructure Library is a registered trademark of the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency which is now part of the Office of Government Commerce.ITIL is a registered trademark, and a registered community trademark of the Office of Government Commerce, and is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.Cell Broadband Engine and Cell/B.E. are trademarks of Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc., in the United States, other countries, or both and are used under license

therefrom.Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.

Information is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind.

The customer examples described are presented as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics may vary by customer.

Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from a supplier of these products, published announcement material, or other publicly available sources and does not constitute an endorsement of such products by IBM. Sources for non-IBM list prices and performance numbers are taken from publicly available information, including vendor announcements and vendor worldwide homepages. IBM has not tested these products and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, capability, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capability of non-IBM products should be addressed to the supplier of those products.

All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

Some information addresses anticipated future capabilities. Such information is not intended as a definitive statement of a commitment to specific levels of performance, function or delivery schedules with respect to any future products. Such commitments are only made in IBM product announcements. The information is presented here to communicate IBM's current investment and development activities as a good faith effort to help with our customers' future planning.

Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput or performance improvements equivalent to the ratios stated here.

Prices are suggested U.S. list prices and are subject to change without notice. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography.