CHAPTER 4-HARMER

POPULAR METHODOLOGY

PRACTICE II-UNLPAM ALEXIS CORA

Approach refers to theories about the nature of language

and language learning.

Method is the practical realization of an

approach. Methods include various procedures and

techniques as part of their standard fare.

Procedures constitute an ordered sequence

of techniques.

Techniques denote specific strategies that

we use in the classroom to achieve a particular result.

APPROACHES, METHODS, PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES.

Grammar-translationIndividuals points of grammar and sentences which exemplifying those points. Sentences were translated from the target language (l2) to the first language (l1) and vice versa.

Direct MethodStudents relate the

grammatical form studied with objects and pictures in

order to establish their meaning.

Only the target language should be used in the

classroom.

Audiolingualism.Using the stimulus-response-

reinforcement model, it attempted to engender good habits in language learners.

The purpose was habit-formation by constant repetition of correct

utterances.

PracticeProduction Presentation

The T introduces the situation which contextualizes the language to be taught.

Students practise the language using accurate reproduction techniques such as choral repetition , individual repetition and cue-response drills.

Students make sentences on their own using the language learned.

As this method was criticised, different authors suggested to start the from production to presentation, or to make a negotiation (teachers and students) to know where to start.

ESA

EngageEmotional

engagement guarantees the

learning

StudyAny teaching and learning element where the focus

is on how something is constructed Activate

Any stage in which Ss are

encouraged all and/or any of language they

know.

Engage Study Activate

StudyActivateEngage

ESA

Activate

StudyEngag

e

Community Language Learning- a “knower” translates ideas

Suggestopaedia- related to the physical envrionment

Four metho

ds Total Physical Response- movement within the classroom

Silent way- the teacher says as little as possible

CLTCommunicativ

e language teaching

The concept of

how language is

used.

“Language learning will take care of itself”

Communicative teachers

taught people to apologise, to agree and

disagree

Pre-task Introduction to topic and

task

Task CycleTask-

planning-report

Language focus

Analysis and practice.

TASK BASED LEARNING (TBL)

The lexical approach

Language consists of multi-word prefabricated chunks

Collocations, idioms, fixed and semi-fixed phrases.

Teachers and

students

Dialogue

Learning English is co-constructed.

Students learn since they get

to express their thoughts.

WHAT METHODOLOGY?• METHODS AND CULTURE • WESTERN IDEAS OF WHAT CONSTITUTES A “GOOD”LEARNING • PABLO TOLEDO PRESENTS THE IDEA THAT WE NEED A METHODOLOGY THAT

SUITS IN OUR CONTEXT

Making Choices

AffectInputOutputCognitive effortGrammar and LexisHow, why and where