prabhu final sai final report

8/14/2019 Prabhu Final Sai Final Report

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

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1.1 INTRODUCTION ON SAFETY AND WELFARE MEASURES

Industrial progress of a country greatly depends on its labour workforce. Safety and

welfare are considered as the most important terms that are associated with each and every

employee working in a factory. Safety and welfare are two closely related factors to work

because it provides greater satisfaction at their work place. Safety is biggest asset for an

employee since it has a direct impact on life. Welfare and safety measures is the combination

of psychological and environmental circumstance that cause a person to truthfully say I am

satisfied with the safety and welfare schemes that my organization provides. Safety means

freedom from danger, injury or risk. Industrial workers are exposed to several types of hazards

and accidents. Due to the rapid industrialization, mechanical, chemical, electrical and radiation

hazards have increased. An industrial accident is a sudden and unexpected occurrence in anindustrial undertaking causing body injury to one or more persons.

According to the factories act, 1948 Safety is an occurrence in an industrial

establishment causing bodily injury to a person which makes him unfit to resume his duties in

the next 48 hrs. In other words it is an unexpected and sudden event arising out of and in the

course of employment. However, self-inflicted injuries, injuries inflicted with the consent of

person cannot be regarded as accidents.

The concept of safety and labour welfare is flexible and elastic and differs widely with

time, region, industry, social values and customs, degree of industrialization, the general socio-

economic development of the people and the political ideologies prevailing at a particular time.

The ILO report refers to labour welfare as: Such services, facilities and amenities as may be

established in or in the vincity of undertakings to enable the person employed in them to perform

their work in healthy, congenial surroundings and provided with amenities conducive to good

health and high morale. Labour welfare is a very broad term, covering social security and such

other activities as medical aid, crches, canteens, recreation, housing, adult education,

arrangements for the transport of labour to and from the work place.

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The term welfare not only includes the minimum standard of hygiene and safety laid down in

general labour legislation, but also such aspects of working life as social insurance schemes,

measures for the protection of women and young workers, limitation of hours of works, paid

vacations, etc.

In the narrow sense, welfare in addition to general physical working conditions is mainly

concerned with the day to day problems of the workers and the social relationships at the place

of work. The main purpose of the safety and welfare provided to the worker is to enable him to

work satisfactorily in the work place so as to get maximum level of outcome and to create a

sense of belongingness towards the organization.

Industrial safety and efficiency are directly related to each other. Safety measures

prevent accidents and ensure regular flow of work. Safety also helps to improve the morale and

productivity of workers. It contributes to team work and the sense of belonging among

employees.

The following are the various safety and welfare measure provided by

THE FACTORIES ACT 1948

SAFETY AND WELFARE MEASURES:

The Factories Act, in India was first passed in 1881. It aimed at for protecting children

from exploitation and providing for some health and safety measures for all workers. The present

Act came into force on April 1 1949. Its object is to implement many of the provisions of the

International Labour Organizations (ILO) Code on Industrial Safety.

SAFETY (Section 21 to 40)

1. Fencing of Machinery (Section 21)

2. Work on or near Machinery in motion (Section 22)

3. Employment of Young person on Dangerous Machines (Section 23)

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4. Striking gear and devices for cutting off power (Section 24)

5. Self acting Machines (Section 25)

6. Casing of new machinery (Section 26)

7. Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near Cotton opener (Section 27)

8. Hoists and lifts (Section 28)

9. Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles (section 29)

10. Revolving machinery (section 30)

11. Pressure plant (section 31)

12. Floors, stairs and means of access (Section 32)

13. Pits, sumps, opening in floors etc. (section 33)

14. Excessive weights (Section 34)

15. Protection of eyes (Section 35)

16. Precaution against dangerous fumes (Section 36)

17. use of portable electric light (Section 36A)

18. ]Precautions against explosives or inflammable dust, gas etc. (Section 37)

19. Precaution in case of fire (Section 38)

20. Suitability of Building, Machinery or Plant (Sections 39,40 and 40A)

21. Safety Officers (Section 40B)

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HAZARDOUS PROCESSES (Sections 41 A 41 H)

1. Site Appraisal Committees and their Functions (Section 41 A)

2. Disclosures by the occupier (Section 41 B)

3. Responsibility of the Occupier in respect of Hazardous processes (Section 41 C)

4. Inquiry Committee (Section 41 D)

5. Emergency Standards (Section 41 E)

6. Permissible Limits (Section 41 F)

7. Workers participation in Safety Measures (Section 41 G)

8. Warning about imminent danger (Section 41 H)

WELFARE OF WORKERS (Section 42 to 49)

1. Washing facilities (Section 42)

2. Facilities for storing and drying clothes (section 43)

3. Sitting Facilities (Section 44)

4. First Aid appliance (Section 45)

5. Canteen (Section 46)

6. Shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms (Section 47)

7. Crches (Section 48)

8. Welfare officers (Section 49)

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1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE

The first railway on Indian sub-continent ran over a stretch of 21 miles from Bombay toThane. The idea of a railway to connect Bombay with Thane, Kalian and the Thal and Bhore

Ghats inclines first occurred to Mr.George Clark, the chief engineer of the Bombay Government,

during a visit to Bhandub in 1843.

The formal inauguration ceremony was performed on 16th April 1853, when 14 railway

carriages carrying about 400 guests left Bore Bunder. The first passenger train streamed out of

Howrah station designed for Hooghly, a distance of 24 miles, on 15th August, 1854. Thus the

first section of the East Indian Railways was opened as the public traffic, inaugurating thebeginning of railway transport on the Eastern side of the sub-continent.

In south the first line was opened on 1 st July 1856 by the Madras Railway Company. It

ran between Vyasrpady and Wallajah road (Arcot), a distance of 63 miles. In the north a length of

119 miles of line was laid from Allahabad to Kanpur on 3rd March 1859. These were the small

beginning which in due course developed in to a network of railway lines all over the country.

By 1880 the Indian railway system had a route mileage of about 9000 miles. Indian railways, the

premier transport organization of the largest rail network in Asia and the worlds second largest

under one management.

THE RAILWAYS ZONES ARE

1. South East Central Railway

2. Central Railway

3. East Central Railway

4. East Cost Railway

5. Eastern Railway

6. North Eastern Railway

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7. North Western Railway

8. North Eastern Frontier Railway

9. Northern Railway

10. South Central Railway

11. South Eastern Railway

12. South Western Railway

13. Southern Railway

14. Western Central Railway

15. Western Railway.

PRODUCTION UNITS

1. Chittaranjan Loco Works

2. Diesel-Loco Modernization of workshops

3. center for railway information system

4. Container Corporation of India Ltd

5. Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd

6. Indian Railway Finance Corporation IRCON International Ltd

7. Konkani Railway Corporation

8. Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation

9. RAILTEL Corporation of India Ltd

10. Pipavav Corporation Ltd.

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OTHER ORGANIZATIONS UNDER INDIAN RAILWAYS

1. Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd

2. Central organization for railway electrification

3. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation

4. Federation of Railway Officers Associations

5. Indian Railway Accounts Service Association

6. Indian Railway Accounting Reforms

7. Indian Railway Central Organization for Telecom

8. Indian Railway Stores Services

9. Indian Railway Welfare Organization

10. Indian Railways Institute of Electrical Engineering

11. Indian Railway Institute of Signal Engineering and Telecommunications of Railway

Transport

12. National Rail Museum

13. Railway Recruitment Boards

14. Railway Staff College, Baroda

15. Research Design and Standards Organization

16. Indian Railway Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering.

TERRITORIAL READJUSTMENT OF ZONES AND IN-HOUSE

REFORMS

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In order to bring about greater efficiency in administration, speedy implementation of

ongoing projects, better customer care, reduction of workload on General Managers etc., Indian

Railways have decided to create seven new zones by territorial re-adjustment of existing zones.

The new zones, having limited financial burden on Railways, will have thin and lean, efficient

and modern administrative set up. Two of the new zones have already started functioning.

NATIONAL RAIL VIKAS YOJANA

With a view to complete strategically important projects within a stipulated period of

time, a non-budgetary iniative for the development of railways has been launched. Under the

scheme all the capacity bottlenecks in the critical sections of the railway network will be

removed at an investment of Rs.15000crores over the next five years. These projects would

include:

1. Strengthening of the golden quadrilateral to run more long-distance mail/express and

freight trains at a higher speed of 100kmph.

2. Strengthening of rail connectivity to ports and development of multimodal corridors to

hinterland.

3. Construction of four mega bridges-two over River Ganga, one on River Brahmaputra,

and one over river kasi.

4. Accelerated completion of those projects nearing completion and other important

projects.

NEW STEPS TOWARDS SAFETY AND SECURITY

Safety of 13 million passengers that Indian Railways serve every day is of paramount

importance to the system. Over the years, apart from the regular safety norms followed, the

network has taken a number of steps through innovative use of technology and stepped up

training to its manpower to enhance safety standards. Constitution of Rs 17000 crores non-

lapsable Special Railway Fund (SRSF) to replace the arrears of aging assets of railway over the

next six years has been a historical move in this direction.

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A number of distressed bridges, old tracks, signaling system and other safety

enhancement devices will be replaced during this period. Extensive field trials of the anti-

collision Device (ACD), indigenously developed by Konkani Railway, is going on and once

deployed across the Zonal Railways, this innovative technology will help railways accidents due

to collision between trains. Security of railway passengers is at present a shared responsibility of

the Railway Protection Force (RPF) and the Government Reserve police (GRP). Efforts on to

amend the Railway Act it give more powers to the RPF in ensuring security of passengers on

trains and within Railway premises. Development of Women Police Force has been made for

security and assistance of women passengers.

IMPROVING FINANCIAL HEALTH:

The financial position of Indian Railway has been slowly but steadily improving. Some

of the highlights of the financial performance during 2001-2002 include: improved operating

ratio from 98.8 percent to 96.6 percent, savings in ordinary working expenses of Rs.1487 crores.

Depreciation Reserve Fund (DRF) balance goes up from Rs.78.04 crores during March in last

year to Rs.632.99 corers this year. Railways have established a new milestone in incremental

freight loading during July this year by carrying 5.70 million tones of goods. Freight loading for

the last financial year crossed the target and attained 492.31 million tones.

NEW TRENDS IN PASSENGERS AMENITIES

To take care of the unreserved segment of the passengers, a new pilot project on

computer based unreserved ticketing has been launched. Of the 13 million passengers served by

the network every day, nearly 12 million are unreserved passengers. To cater to this huge

segment, computer based ticketing systems has been launched for all most all important stations.

With this, unreserved tickets can be issued even from locations other than the boarding station

and will reduce crowds at booking offices and stations.

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Indian railway catering and Tourism Corporation with the assistance of center for

Railway Information System have launched online ticketing facility. Computerized reservation

facilities were added at 245 new locations. At present these facilities are available at 758

locations in the country covering about 96 percent of the total workload of passenger reservation.

Computerized reservation related enquiries about accommodation availability, passengers status,

train scheduled, train between pair of stations etc., have been made web enabled.

A pilot project for issuing monthly and quarterly season tickets through Automated Teller

Machine (ATM) has been launched in Mumbai this year and has been found very successful.

Another pilot project for purchasing tickets including monthly and quarterly season tickets

through smart card has also been launched.

National Train Enquiry System has been started in order to provide upgraded passenger

information and enquiries. This system provides the train running position on a current basis

through various output devices such as terminals in the station enquiries and Interactive Voice

Response System (IVRS) at important railway stations. So far the project has been implemented

at 98 stations.

TIE-UP WITH FOREIGN RAILWAYS

Indian Railways is in constant touch with Railways across the world to bring in state-of-

art facilities in its system. Towards this, a memorandum of understanding was signed during the

English Session of the Indo-Austria Joint Economic Commission held in Vienna. This seeks to

promote and deepen long-term infrastructure Specific Corporation between Indian and Austrian

Railways to their mutual benefit.

COMPANY PROFILE - INTEGRAL COACH FACTORY (ICF)

INTRODUCTION OF THE FIRM

Integral Coach Factory is an ISO-9001 company. It has its own Design and

Development wing, the infrastructure and technical knowhow to manufacture sophisticated

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modern coaches. ICF all-steel, all-welded, light-weight; integral coaches with anti-telescopic

and construction. The ICF combines the three major factors of modern passenger transport:

- Speed, Comfort and Safety.

Initially, ICF was designed to produce only broad gauge shells, which were to be

furnished by the zonal railways. Later, a separate furnishing division was set up in view of the

serve limitation capacity of railway workshops and also to take advantages of mass production

techniques. Presently, Coach Production is done in shell division and Furnishing division.

ICF manufactured around 125 different types of coaches. They can be broadly classified

into Self-propelled coaches, Trailer coaches, AC coaches, Conventional coaches and Special

coaches like palace on wheels. ICF produced 34,022 coaches as on March 2004. ICF

manufactured and supplied 150 containers to Container Corporation India in addition to coaches,

production in the last four years. ICF has exported Coaches, Bogies and Spares to 11 countries.

TWO DIVISIONS IN ICF

1. Shell Division

2. Furnishing Division

SHELL DIVISION

The coach manufacturing starts from Shell Division, where the body shell and Bogie

Assembles are done. The body shell assembly is of all welded integrated design and it consists

of under frame, sidewall, roof and end wall assemblies. A shell is made of one body shell fitted

on two bogies. A sheet metal shop produces all sheet metal items required for the manufacture of

under frame, sidewall and roof.

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1. A main assembly shop assembles the under frame; sidewall, end wall and roof to from a

tube like shell.

2. Final assembly, painting of the shell and fitment of air brake arrangement are done in the

final assembly shop.

3. Bogies are manufactured by assembling the bogie bolster, wheel sets, axle box and

springs together.

The body shells fitted on the bogie are dispatched to furnishing Division for Furnishing work.

COACH FURNISHING DIVISION

Aesthetic look, comfort and safety are very much essential for pleasant journey;

furnishing division takes care of the above and furnishing the interior portion of the coaches.

Furnishing of coach is done in ten stages, via, flooring, wiring, paneling on side wall,

window fixing, and partition paneling, plumping, floor molding .light &fans and seats, berth and

racks fixing and buffer height adjustment .

Compreg plywood, limpet asbestos sheets, PVC sheets, Latex cushion, feather touch vinyl cloth,

stainless steel and Frap lavatory inlays are used to achieve good interior design and long life of

the coach under touch running conditions.

HISTORY OF GROWTH

ICF- Indias premier coach building factory was started in technical collaboration with

Swish Car and Elevator Manufacturing Corporation Ltd., Switzerland. The construction

commenced on March 1952 and the first machine was commissioned by Shri Lal Bagadur

Shastri, Ministry for Railway, on 2nd October of 1955 a red letter day for ICF when Pandit

Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, flagged off the first coach. The furnishing division of

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ICF was inaugurated on 2nd October of 1962. ICF through the years has been engaged

manufacturing many types of coaches year after year. The maximum number of types ever

produced in a year is 32 different types of coaches in the year 2000 to 2001. Starting with a

humble beginning of about 350 coaches per year, ICF has grown to a production capacity of

more than 1000 coaches annually. In the year 1998-1999 over 1057 coaches were produced.

ICF has exported a total of bogies and 425 coaches to Thailand, Burma, Taiwan, Zambia,

Philippines, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam,Nigeria, Mozambique and Bangladesh.

FACTORY AREA

ICF has a factory are of 189.5 acres. Covered area in shops is 47 acres. Township is

spread over 285.5acres. ICF employs more than 13,000 people. The self-contained townships

consist of 3000 residential quarters with schools, auditorium, stadium, recreation facilities and

hospital.

ICF has leveraged its coach building experience of 48 years and 33,000 coaches to stay

at the forefront of innovative coach building and retains its leadership position over the years.

ICF has successfully incorporated cutting edge technologies into the coach building process.

ICF is committed to improving passenger safety, passenger comfort and maintainability

of the coaches. ICF has a diversified product portfolio into many types of coaches, all built to

exacting customer requirements.

The main objective of ICF is to manufacture all metal lightweight coaches from ordinary 2nd

class to most complicated types of coaches i.e., AC and DC, EMUs, AC Expresses, Rajdhani

Express etc. ICF has entered into export market also supplying coaches for foreign countries.

ORGANISATION AND DEPARTMENTS

The organization consist of departments of functional basic viz .administration, personnel,

mechanical, electrical, civil, engineering, finance and accounts, etc. For the purpose of technical,

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financial and cost control the factory has been broadly categorized under the following

departments.

1. Production shops

2. Service department inside the workshops

3. Service department outside the workshops

4. Stores department

5. General department

AUTHORITY FOR MANUFACTURE

The authority for manufacturing of components or assembly thereof is communicated

through the issue of Route cards. The route cards contain instruction to shop regarding the

followings.

1. Operation to be carried out in the various shops and load centers in their sequence.

2. The materials and tools to be used and

3. Time required for setting up machines and operations.

THE FUTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION

ICF has completed its 50 years of service to the nation on 2nd October 2005. From a modest

beginning to manufacture just a few third class shells in 1955, ICF is now capable of producingover 1100 coaches per year and that too in more than 170 varieties. ICF can perhaps be

compared with in the best of coach production facilities and still remains a pioneer in introducing

new types of coaches. In the 151 years of Indian Railways, role of ICF in its 50 years is certainly

a remarkable one and will continue to be so in the years to come.

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1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

1. The study aims at finding out the satisfaction level of the employee towards safety and

welfare measures in ICF.

2. To find out the extent of awareness of these measures from the employee

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SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:

1. To find out the safety & welfare measures in ICF

2. To bring out the causes of the accidents taking place in the factory in spite of those safety

measures

3. To express the views of the employees to the management on the current safety & welfare

measures followed in the company

4. To find out how far these safety measures are effective.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study undertaken in ICF was helpful to understand the following with respect to welfare and

safety measures of the organization.

1. Awareness level of safety and welfare measures.

2. Satisfaction level of safety and welfare measures.

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3. This study enabled to identify the causes for accidents that are happening in the factory.

4. Availability of proper welfare facilities

5. This study was useful in expressing the views of the employees to the management.

1.5 NEED FOR THE STUDY

Since safety has become the most important factor in the work place, THE STUDY ON THE

LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES TOWARDS SAFETY AND WELFARE

MEASURES AT INTEGRAL COACH FACTORY (ICF) was undertaken.

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1. The organization demanded to know the satisfaction level of employees towards these

measures.

2. The need for this research is to protect workers from accidents, and to secure them

from various conditions.

3. And also to know how far these safety and welfare measures in the ICF are is

effective.

1.6 NEED FOR THE SAFETY AND WELFARE WORK

The need for the labour welfare arises from the very nature of the industrial system,

which is characterized by two basic factors; one, the conditions under which work is carried

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on are not congenial for health; and second, when a labourer joins an industry, he has to work

in an entirely strange atmosphere, which creates problems of adjustment.

There is a social reason also as pointed out by the labour Investigation committee, the

provision of canteens improves the physique, entertainment reduces the incidence of vices,

medical aid and maternity and child welfare services improve the health of the workers and

bring down the rates of general, maternal and infantile morality; and education facilities

increase their mental efficiency and economic productivity.

SAFETY MEASURES PROVIDED BY INTEGRAL COACH FACTORY

(ICF)

SAFETY SERVICES:

Prevention of accidents is an objective which requires no explanation. This is one area in

which there is complete identity of employer-employee interests. The employee does not

want to be injured and the employer does not want to incur the costs of injuring him.

1. Appointment of safety officers.

2. Support by line management

3. Job safety analysis

4. Safety reports

5. Personal protective equipment

6. Material handling

7. Hand tools

8. Maintenance

9. Layout and design

10. House keeping

11. Safety training education and publicity

12. Safety inspections

13. Investigation of accident.

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14. Measurement of safety

15. Safety Goggles, Boiler suit, Mask, Helmet, Shoes, Gloves

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS:

Personal protective equipments are provided to all employees who are working in plant.

Safety measures are given importance. Safety slogan is displayed in many places to prevent

accidents.

Head Helmets

Hair Scalping

Ear Ear plugs

Eye Goggles

Face Face shield

Hand Hand shield, Glove

Leg Safety Shoes, Gum boot

Foot Foot guard etc.

Dress Overall Coat

SOME SAFETY SLOGANS:

1. Think safe . Act safe..Be safe.. And live safe.

2. Bare / loose wire: cause fire

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3. Little drips cause big slips.

4. Better to be safe than to be sorry.

5. Chance takers are accident makers.

6. Safety and cheap and effective insurance policy.

7. Wear the right protective equipment for the job.

8. Slow down! Your family will be waiting for you.

9. Safe actions bring lasting satisfaction.

10. Safety. You will regret if you forget.

TEN STEPS FOR SAFER AND HEALTHIER WORK PLACE

PROVIDED BY ICF

1. Safety is everyones business

2. Use your space well

3. Check your work area

4. Use safety guards

5. Think about your environment

6. Use protective equipment

7. Use labour saving equipments

8. Special care

9. Take a break

10. Be alert and aware

MAJOR WELFARE ACTIVITIES IN ICF

1. Canteens

2. Tea points

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3. Rest rooms

4. Stadium

5. Hospital

6. Schools

7. Crche

8. Handicraft and tailoring school

9. Typewriting institute

10. Ambulance

11. Staff benefit fund

12. Quarters

13. Child care leave, House benefit allowance, Loans

14. Allowances (TA, Petrol for officers)

15. Training classes

16. Water coolers

17. Marriage hall

18. Employee holiday camp

RAILWAY CANTEENS:

Employees of the ICF are benefited with the special discounts against any purchase of

household items or groceries. These railway canteens are exclusively set up for this purpose.

Employees of ICF get the products at reasonably low price. Railway employees enjoy the

benefits of A grade items at lowest price.

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EMPLOYEE HOLIDAY CAMP:

Any 60 employees are randomly selected and taken for a trip along with their families

every summer. The company bears the entire expenses of boarding, lodging and travel.

SCHOOLS:

There are totally 5 schools provided by the ICF. It facilitates the children of ICF

employees to study there and apart from this the government of Tamil Nadu has some quotas

which enable the other children (non-employees of ICF) also to study there.

CREDIT SOCIETY:

The company provides cheap and institutional credit to the employees and to save them

from money lenders. They established a co-operative credit society to lend a loan up to Rs.6000/-

per head at 9% interest per annum. The total funds are generated from the employees. Total

amount in rotation in this institution is around Rs.117lakhs.

QUARTERS:

ICF employees are given individual quarter to stay as long as their service comes to an

end.

MARRIAGE HALL:

The company provides a ICF marriage hall with sufficient cooking vessels and utensils.

Rent for this hall is Rs.100/day.

UNIFORMS:

The company provides two sets of uniforms for all workers per year.

STAFF BENEFIT FUND:

To meet the urgent requirement for small credit, SBF has been established from the

contribution of employees and the management. Management is contributing certain amount

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per year through which interest free advances up to Rs.900/- is given for contingencies like

containment, education for children, sudden illness or death in the family, for marriage of self

and dependent children Rs.5000/- interest free advance is given Rs.300/- is given as extra

payment for funeral expenses, if an employee dies while in service. The total fund available in

this scheme is around Rs.5lakhs

MEDICAL ASSISTANCE:

The company has established hospitals with full time doctors and Para medical

personnel and gives free treatment to the employees and their families. The company also grants

cash assistance for specialist treatment in needy cases.

CANTEEN AND REST HALLS:

Canteens available in ICF are well equipped and are very sufficient to the workers. High

quality food is provided by them for lowest price. It provides snacks, meals, tea at lowest rates.

Rest hall is provided with sufficient fans and light.

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1.7 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

In todays rapid industrialization set up, safety and welfare of the employees has become

a matter of concern. The organizations need to give proper safety and welfare facility to

employees so that it does not affect their work. Safety should be ensured for their life and

welfare should be given so that they give effective results. The problem of the research

conducted is that whether the safety and welfare measure provided by the company satisfies the

employees working over there. In order to express their views to the management I have

analyzed the satisfaction level and the effectiveness of these measures.

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1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1. Time was the major constraint to conduct a detailed survey as it was difficult to meet

every person personally.

2. The employees were not willing to disclose their views openly.

3. The survey was restricted only to the shop floor employees of the A shed where the

total population was around 400.

4. The study was restricted to only male employees in shop floor.

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CHAPTER 2

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REVIEW OF

LITERATURE

ALEXANDER GAMANJI (1988)

The employed person in the national economy and to the safety & wealth management.

It efficiency in safety & security management at the job of macro & micro economic level.

Safety and health work place have the determined job in top management. The analyses the

correlation between the safety & welfare in the company. It also has the explanation instrument

of balanced in the score card management. In order to obtain social and economic benefit

through the inclusion of the action.

JACQUES WHIT FORD (2006)

Safety is clearly considered important with in EPS facilities. The high standards of

engineering in the labs at the factices are evidences of this. There is no evidence of an OSH

management system in place grouping for e.g. policies direction inspection criteria etc with an

appropriate documentation control process some of safety element correctly in place are not

follow formalized as evidence by the lack of complete documentation.

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JON M WERVES AND RANDY DE SIMON (2006)

Safety & welfare have been requirement which will be the applicant or any assignees to a

maintains or obligation of the access until such time on the agree to accept the portion of the

right way. The employee will be responsible for all expenses regarding improvement relocation

of utilities permit damages & recordation. This may be association with the right of way.

KOTHARI CR (2005)

The difficultly that the employee has to centered with the considering whether it is better

to confine passenger or leave them at liberty. Consist in the external narrower of the tonal.

Sufficient space you be allowed for the employee in the closed cartilage. And no more should a

door be left open by accident.

HUMAYAN SERAJ (1980)

For the following cares of interpreting safety her to be made the instructative panels and

the appeliatebody.For determine if thee is rational relationship between a challenged measures

and the risk assessment. So the relationship between risk and the challenged measure in the

similar cost especially in the context of sanitary agreement.

RICHARD LEVIN & DAVID S ROBIN (2006)

The safety planning in the statistics for management has separated from other planning

for they analysis. It has difficult in the creation for safety employees. It analyses what, where,

why & where it has been needed for their presentation in planning design by using they safety

for their employee.

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SHEPHEN D ROBBINS (2005)

This have made the indirect cost of the finish program due to it trade effects are

evaluation in part of finished they policy intended to shield finished food supply and

consumption from shall move all break. It made the conclusion for their traditional welfare

analysis is used for analysis is to make the betterment chance for the employee welfare.

WAYEE R LASCIO (2006)

This made for the safety assessment of offshore platform is an urgent task. The made for

the result in the assessment to how focusing on the sweetened maintain May. They cannot make

the reliability adequately explication. Therefore am mathematical tool & measure was

introduced.

LAWRENCE K.C.(2005)

The gluten analysis for their finding has been made a long bad limitation. So it have been

fractured their stand & authority from issuing stand gluten. Free flood based on their final gluten

content only. The under sublimation have their own administration which they can able to be in

the standard way for their employees.

FINKELISTERN & FOEL B (2001)

The purpose of this project was to create a measure of safety climate for their

organization employees care unit & to determine the property of measure. The first version of the

measure was defined from published literature. This measure was to pilot the test of the

employer working. The organization safety climate measure contains their measure dimension of

safety climate. Internal constriction reliability was receipted for their measure.

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CHAPTER 3RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 DEFNITION OF RESEARCH

According to Clifford woody, research comprise defining and redefining problem,

formulating hypothesis or suggested solution. Collecting, organizing and evaluating data, making

deduction and reaching conclusion and at last carefully testing the conclusion to determine

whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.

A way to systematically solve the research problem along with the logic behind, define

research methodology. It explains why a research study has been undertaken, how the problem

has been defined, in what way and why the hypothesis has been formulated, what data have been

collected and what particular method has been adopted, why particular technique of analyzing

data has been used and a host of similar other questions are usually answered concerning a

research problem or study.

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

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A Research design is the arrangement of conditions for collecting and analysis of data

in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.

According to Kerlinger Research design is the plan, structure and strategy of

investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions and to control variance.

3.3 DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The

major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs, as it exists at present.

The research design used for this study is descriptive in nature. It is the simplest form of

research design.

3.4 SAMPLE DESIGN

A definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population i.e; the technique adopted

in selecting items for the sample.

3.5 SAMPLE UNIT:

A decision has to be taken concerning a sampling unit before selecting sample. Here the

sampling unit includes the employees of ICF Govt of India. It is a railway factory.

3.6 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

The convenience sampling method has been used in this study. A probability sample isthe one in which the sampling units are selected by chance and for which there is a known

chance of each unit being selected.

3.7 SAMPLING TYPE:

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In this study convenience sampling type is used. This is a type of probability sampling.

Whereby, in this study 100 employees of A shed shop floor are selected for the survey.

3.8 SAMPLING SIZE:

The sample size is taken as 100 among the total of 400 shop floor employees in A

shed in the ICF factory.

3.9 SOURCE OF DATA

The task of data collection begins after a research problem has been defined and research

design/plan has been chalked out. Both the primary and secondary data has been collected.

3.10 PRIMARY DATA

Primary source of data is obtained by the researcher directly from the respondent which

has not been collected previously. Primary data are first hand information collected through

various methods such as observation and interviewing. The primary data was collected through

questionnaire by surveying the mentioned sample unit.

3.11 SECONDARY DATA:

The secondary source consists of readily available files and documents on safety andwelfare of the ICF employees. The information was provided by the labour welfare department

and the safety cell in ICF which was greatly helpful to know the terms and conditions of safety.

Secondary data is referred to the information already available either published or unpublished.

Secondary data is also collected through books, periodicals, magazines and websites on safety

and welfare

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3.12 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The instrument used for the study is questionnaire. Questionnaire is widely used and important

method to collect primary data for any research programme. Data collection through

questionnaire is quite popular, particularly in case of big enquiries. Each questionnaire was

given to an individual and humbly requested to fill it in my present. The objective of the study

was kept in mind while setting up the questionnaire.

3.13 FORMULATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE:

Multiple choice questions:

A question which have three or more Options are said to be multiple choice questions.

Rating questions:

Here the questions are asked with 5 points rating scale.

For example: Are you satisfied with the working condition of machines

(a) Highly satisfied

(b) Satisfied

(c) Neither satisfied Nor dissatisfied

(d) Dissatisfied

(e) Highly dissatisfied

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Dichotomous questions:

A question with two possible like Yes or No.

Pilot study:

The researcher has conducted pilot study before conducting the survey; the

questionnaire was distributed to five respondents for finding the weakness of the questionnaire.

The respondent understood the terms of the questionnaire. So the researcher distributed the same

questionnaire to all the 100 employees.

3.14 STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES

The data after collection has been processed and analyzed in accordance with the outline

laid down for the purpose at the time of developing the research plan. The collected data are

tabulated, analyzed by using diagrams, graphs and charts. Column chart is used for better

interpretation.

The statistical tools used for the analysis are as follows

3.15 PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS

In this method frequency of various criteria factor are tabulated and the percentage of

each value with respect to the total are found out. They are presented pictorially by graph in

order to have better understanding.

No. of respondents

Percentage of respondents = x 100

Total no: of: respondents

3.16 COLUMN CHART

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To supplement the study column chart is used. Column chart is one of the easiest and

most commonly used devices of presenting most of the business and economic data.

3.17 CHI-SQUARE TEST

In realities certain things cannot be measured or expressed in terms of numerical form. In

other words they are incapable for measurements. E.g. Anger, emotions, sincerity etc. Hence

they are called characters, qualities or attributes.

Though attributes are not measurable we can find out the presence and absence of it, in

that we can find out no. of items processing the quality or not. In chi-square if 2 attributes are

given we can find out whether they are independent or dependent. Chi square test can be used

to determine data in the two classifications are independent; it can also used to make comparison

between two attributes.

Chi square as a test of independence enables us to explain whether or not; two attributes

are associated. The chi- square test is the most popular non-parametric in social science research.

It is used to make comparison between two or more nominal variables. Unlike the other tests of

significance, the chi-square is used to make comparison between frequencies rather than mean

scores.

This test evaluates whether the difference between the observed frequencies and the expected

frequencies under the null hypothesis can be attributed to chance or actual population

differences.

A Chi-square value is obtained by the formula

^2 = (Oi-Ei)^2/Ei)

Where; Oi is observed frequency and Ei is expected frequency

Degree of freedom= (R-1)(C-1)

Where; R=No. of Rows

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C= No. of columns

If the calculated value < table value

Then

Null hypothesis is accepted

CHAPTER 4

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DATA ANALYSIS

AND

INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER 4

4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

TABLE: 4.1.1

SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

AGE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Below 30 Yrs 16 16

30-45 Yrs 48 48

Above 45 Yrs 36 36

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Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 16% of the respondents come under the category of below

30 Yrs, 48% of the respondents falls under 30-45 Yrs and 36% of the respondents come under

the category of above 45 Yrs.

CHART: 4.1. 1 SHOWING SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE AGE OF

THE RESPONDENTS

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TABLE: 4. 1.2

SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS

GENDER NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

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Male 100 100

Female 0 0

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 100% of the respondents are male and none of them are

female.

CHART: 4.1.2 SHOWING SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE GENDER

OF THE RESPONDENTS

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TABLE: 4.1.3

SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE EDUCATION QUALIFICATION OF

THE RESPONDENTS

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EDUCATION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

10th 30 30

12th 32 32

Diploma 28 28

UG 10 10PG 0 10

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 30% of the people responded has studied 10 th std, 32%

has studied 12th std, 28% of the respondents has done their diploma, 10% has done UG and none

of them has done their PG.

CHART: 4.1.3 SHOWING SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE

EDUCATION QUALIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

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TABLE: 4.1. 4

SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF THE

RESPONDENTS

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EXPERIENCE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1-3 Yrs 10 10

3-5 Yrs 18 18

5 - 10 Yrs 32 32

Above 10 Yrs 40 40Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 28% of the respondents are with less than 5 Yrs of

experience, 32% of the respondents with 5 - 10 Yrs of experience and the remaining 40% of the

respondents with over 10 Yrs of experience.

CHART: 4.1.4 SHOWING SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE

EXPERIENCE OF THE RESPONDENTS

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TABLE: 4.1. 5

AWARENESS ABOUT THE SAFETY MEASURES

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AWARENESS FACTOR NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 100 100

No 0 0

Total100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that all the employees (ie 100% of the respondents) who have

been surveyed are aware of all the safety measures available to them.

CHART: 4.1. 5 SHOWING AWARENESS ABOUT THE SAFETY MEASURES

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TABLE: 4.1.6

EFFECTIVENESS LEVEL OF THE SAFETY MEASURES

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OPINION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

To great extent 76 76

To some extent 24 24

To the least 0 0

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 76% of the respondents have agreed that the safety

measures provided to them are effective to the great extent, 24% of the people have said that it is

effective to some extent and none of the respondents have stated it to be ineffective.

CHART: 4.1.6 SHOWING EFFECTIVENESS LEVEL OF THE SAFETY MEASURES

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TABLE: 4.1.7

SATISFACTION ON VENTILATION AND LIGHTING

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Yes 100 100

No 0 0

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 100% of the respondents are completely satisfied with

ventilation and lighting at their work place.

CHART: 4.1.7 SHOWING SATISFACTION LEVEL OF VENTILATION AND

LIGHTING

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TABLE: 4.1.8

FREQUENCY OF THE MACHINES BEING CHECKED

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FREQUENCY NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Daily 23 23

Depends on the machinery 52 52

After any damage 25 25

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 23% of the people who have been surveyed has stated the

machines are checked on daily basis, 52% of the respondents has said that the frequency of

checking depends on the machines that is in use and 25% of the respondents has said that

machines are checked only after any problem has occurred in the machinery.

CHART: 4.1.8 SHOWING FREQUENCY OF THE MACHINES BEING CHECKED

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TABLE: 4.1.9

SATISFACTION LEVEL ON THE WORKING CONDITION OF MACHINES

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SATISFACT

ION LEVEL

OF

MACHINE

CONDITIO

N

HIGHLY

SATISFIED

SATISFIED NEITHER

SATISFIED

NOR

DISSATISFIED

DISSATISF

IED

HIGHLY

DISSATISFIE

D

TOTAL

Machine

safety

20 67 13 0 0 100

Machine

maintenance

18 73 9 0 0 100

Noise level 0 28 29 43 0 100

INFERENCE:

From the above the following things have been inferred:

Regarding safety of machineries:

20% of the respondents are highly satisfied, 67% of the respondents are just satisfied and 13%

are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.

Regarding the maintenance of machines:

18% of the employees who have been surveyed are highly satisfied with the maintenance of the

machines, 73% are just satisfied and 9% of the respondents are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.

Regarding noise level:

None of the respondents are highly satisfied with the noise level of the machines at the work

place. 28% of the employees has stated that they are satisfied with the noise level, 29% of the

respondents are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied and the remaining 43% has said that they are

completely dissatisfied about the noise level.

CHART: 4.1.9 SHOWING SATISFACTION LEVEL ON THE WORKING

CONDITION OF MACHINES

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TABLE: 4.1.10

OPINION REGARDING METHOD OF SAFETY EDUCATION TO BE ADOPTED

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METHODS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Posters 8 8

Safety demonstrations 40 40

Highlighting unsafe practices 26 26

Safety lectures 16 16

Safety films 10 10

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 40% of the respondents has preferred safety

demonstration as the best method of safety education to employees. 8% of the people who havebeen surveyed have opted for poster method, 26% of the respondents have chosen highlighting

unsafe practices, 16% of the surveyed employees has selected safety lectures and the remaining

10% has opted for safety films as the best method of education for safety training.

CHART: 4.1.10 SHOWING OPINION ON THE METHOD OF SAFETY EDUCATION

TO BE ADOPTED

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TABLE: 4.1.11

FREQUENCY OF ACCIDENTS OCCURING IN THE ORGANISATION

FREQUENCY NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

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Very often 24 24

Rarely 76 76

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 76% of the respondents have selected the frequency of

accidents occurring to be rare and the rest of 24% of the people surveyed have said that accidents

are very often occurring in the organization.

CHART: 4.1.11 SHOIWNG FREQUENCY OF ACCIDENTS OCCURING IN THE

ORGANISATION

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TABLE: 4.1.12

REASONS FOR ACCIDENTS HAPPENING IN THE ORGANISATION

REASONS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

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Carelessness of employee 58 58

Inadequate knowledge about

safety

37 37

Improper safety tools/aids 5 5

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 58% of the respondents have stated that the reasons for

accidents are due to employees carelessness, 37% of the people have said that employees lack in

knowledge about safety and the rest 5% of the respondents have said that the safety tools

provided to them are improper.

CHART: 4.1.12 SHOWING REASONS FOR ACCIDENTS HAPPENING IN THE

ORGANISATION

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TABLE: 4.1.13

SUFFICIENT AVAILABILITY OF SAFETY AIDS AT THE TIME OF EMERGENCIES

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AVAILABILITY NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 61 61

No 39 39

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 61% of the respondents have said that they are sufficiently

provided with the safety aids at the time of emergencies and 39% of the respondents do not agree

with this.

CHART: 4.1.13 SHOWING SUFFICIENT AVAILABILITY OF SAFETY AIDS AT THE

TIME OF EMERGENCIES

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TABLE: 4.1.14

AWARENESS ABOUT THE WELFARE MEASURES

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AWARENESS FACTOR NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 100 100

No 0 0

Total100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that all the employees (i.e. 100% of the respondents) who

have been surveyed are aware of all the welfare measures available to them.

CHART: 4.1.14 SHOWING AWARENESS ABOUT THE WELFARE MEASURES

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TABLE: 4.1.15

WELFARE FACILITIES WILL RESULT IN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY

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Yes 81 81

No 19 19

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 81% of the respondents believe that welfare facilities

available to them will increase the productivity/outcome level and the rest 19% of the employees

surveyed disagree with this.

CHART: 4.1.15 SHOWING WELFARE FACILITIES WILL RESULT IN INCREASED

PRODUCTIVITY

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TABLE: 4.1.16

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SATISFACTION TOWARDS LEAVE BENEFITS

LEVEL NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Highly satisfied 35 35

Satisfied 65 65

Dissatisfied 0 0

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 35% of the respondents are highly satisfied with the leave

benefits available to them, 65% of the respondents are just satisfied and none of the respondents

are found to be dissatisfied.

CHART: 4.1.16 SHOWING SATISFACTION TOWARDS LEAVE BENEFITS

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TABLE: 4.1.17

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EMPLOYEES PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE EFFECTIVE WELFARE MEASURES


Reduces absenteeism 13 13

Promote sense of belongingness

54 54

Improves enthusiasm at work 33 33

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 54% of the employees responded it will promote sense of

belongingness, 33% of the respondents believe that it improves enthusiasm and the rest 13% of

the employee believe that it reduces absenteeism.

CHART: 4.1.17 SHOWING PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE EFFECTIVE WELFARE

MEASURES BY EMPLOYEES

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CHART: 4.1.18

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SAFETY & WELFARE FACILITIES WILL LEAD TO HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT

BETWEEN THE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE


Strongly agree 69 69

Partially agree 19 19

Disagree 12 12

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 69% of the respondents strongly agree that the welfare

facilities available to them will create a healthy environment, 19% of the respondents partiallyagree with this and rest 12% of the respondents totally disagree with this concept.

CHART: 4.1.18 SHOWING SAFETY & WELFARE FACILITIES WILL LEAD TO

HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN THE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE

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TABLE: 4.1.19

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OPINION ABOUT THE CANTEEN FACILITIES

CRITERIAS POOR AVERAGE GOOD EXCELLENT TOTAL

Sufficient

space

0 51 27 22 100

Quality food 7 67 20 6 100

Cleanliness 8 10 78 4 100

Variety food 24 49 27 0 100

Price 0 9 73 18 100

Drinking

water

0 8 69 23 100

INFERENCE:

The following are inferred from the above table

Regarding sufficient space in the canteen

51% of the respondents have rated it as average, 27% of the respondents have rated it as good

and 22% have rated it as excellent

Regarding quality food in the canteen

7% of the respondents have rated it as poor, 67% have rated it as average, 20% have rated it asgood and 6% have rated it as excellent.

Regarding cleanliness in the canteen

8% of the respondents have rated it as poor, 10% have rated it as average, 78% have rated it as

good and 4% have rated it as excellent.

Regarding variety food in the canteen

24% of the respondents have rated it as poor, 49% have rated it as average, 27% have rated it as

good and none have rated it as excellent.

Regarding price in the canteen

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None of the respondents have rated it as poor, 9% have rated it as average, 73% have rated it as

good and 18% have rated it as excellent.

Regarding drinking water in the canteen

None of the respondents have rated it as poor, 8% have rated it as average, 69% have rated it asgood and 23% have rated it as excellent.

CHART: 4.1.19 SHOWING OPINION ABOUT THE CANTEEN FACILITIES

TABLE: 4.1.20

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ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS

ACTIONS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Make use of safety aids

regularly

19 19

Give sufficient training 81 81

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 19% of the respondents believe that safety aids must be

used regularly so as to reduce accidents and the rest 81% of the respondents feel that sufficient

training must be given.

CHART: 4.1.20 SHOWING ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS

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TABLE: 4.1.21

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IMMEDIATE ADDRESSAL OF GREVIANCES RELATING TO SAFETY AND

WELFARE


Strongly agree 78 78

Partially agree 16 16

Disagree 6 6

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 78% of the respondents strongly agree that problems

relating to safety and welfare are addressed immediately, 16% of the respondents partially agreeto this and the rest 6% of the respondents disagree with this.

CHART: 4.1.21 SHOWING IMMEDIATE ADDRESSAL OF GREVIANCES

RELATING TO SAFETY AND WELFARE

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TABLE: 4.1.22

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MOTIVATION FROM SOME WELFARE FACILITIES WHICH RESULTS IN

SATISFACTION AT WORK


Yes 79 79

No 21 21

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 79% of the respondents get motivated by some of the

welfare facilities like employee holiday camp which results in satisfaction at their work and the

rest 21% of the respondents do not agree with this.

CHART: 4.1.22 SHOWING MOTIVATION FROM SOME WELFARE FACILITIES

WHICH RESULTS IN SATISFACTION AT WORK

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TABLE: 4.1.23

SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM

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ATTENDED NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 100 100

No 0 0

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that all the 100 respondents have attended the safety training

program.

CHART: 4.1.23 SHOWING ATTENDING OF SAFETY TRAINING PRROGRAM

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TABLE: 4.1.24

USEFULNESS OF THE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM

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VIEWS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Greatly useful 20 20

Useful to some extent 69 69

Least useful 11 11

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 69% of the respondents feel that the safety training

program provided to them was useful to some extent only, 20% of them stated that it was greatly

useful and the rest 11% said that it was useful to the least.

CHART: 4.1.24 SHOWING USEFULNESS OF THE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM

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TABLE: 4.1.25

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OVERALL SATISFACTION OF SAFETY AND WELFARE MEASURES BY THE

EMPLOYEES

VIEWS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

To Great Extent 57 57

To some extent 43 43

To the Least 0 0

Total 100 100

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that 57% of the respondents feel that the on the whole they

are completely satisfied by the safety and welfare measures provided to them and 43% of thepeople say that they are satisfied to some extent none of them have said that they are least

satisfied.

CHART: 4.1.25 SHOWING THE SATISFACTION ON SAFETY AND WLFARE

MEASURES ON THE WHOLE BY THE EMPLOYEES

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CHI-SQUARE TEST:

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Aim:

To find out whether there is significance difference between experience factor and the

overall satisfaction factor towards safety and welfare measures.

Null Hypothesis (Ho):

There is no significance difference between experience factor of the employee and the

satisfaction factors towards safety and welfare measures.

Alternate Hypothesis (H1):

There is significance difference between experience factor and the satisfaction factor

towards safety and welfare measures.

Level of significance:

= 5%

=0.05

Degree of freedom:

= (R-1) (C-1)

= (4-1) (3-1)

= (3) (2)

= 6

Table value = 12.592

Test of Statistic:

^2 = (Oi-Ei) ^2

Ei

Table showing the relationship between the experience of employees and the overall satisfaction

of employees towards safety and welfare measures

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EXPERIENCE/SATISFACTION

FACTOR

To great

extent

To some

extent

To the least Total

1-3 4 6 0 10

3 5 Yrs 13 5 0 18

5 10 Yrs 20 12 0 32

Above 10 Yrs 20 20 0 40

Total 57 43 0 100

Observed

frequency (Oi)

Expected

frequency(Ei)

(Oi-Ei) (Oi-Ei)^2 (Oi-Ei)^2

Ei4 5.7 1.7 2.89 0.5

6 4.3 1.7 2.89 0.65

0 0 0 0 0

13 10.2 2.8 7.8 0.76

5 7.7 2.8 7.2 0.93

0 0 0 0 0

20 18.2 1.8 3.2 0.17

12 13.7 1.7 2.8 0.20

0 0 0 0 0

20 22.8 7.8 7.8 0.34

20 17.2 7.8 7.8 0.45

0 0 0 0 0

Total= 4.

Calculated value is < than the table value

Ho is accepted

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Hence there is no significance difference between the experience factor and the overall

satisfaction level of the employees towards safety and welfare measure

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CHAPTER - 5

FINDINGS

FINDINGS

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The following things are found out from the survey conducted in INTERGRAL COACH

FACTORY (ICF) among 100 employees

1. All the employees who were surveyed come under lower cadre of management and they

work in shop floor.

2. More than 70% of the employees surveyed are above 30 Yrs.

3. The employees selected for survey is only male.

4. 62% of the employees have completed 10th and 12th and only 28% of the employees have

done their diploma.

5. 40% of the employees have the experience of above 10 Yrs in the organization.

6. From the survey conducted it is found out that all the employees (100%) are completely

aware of the safety and welfare measures provided to them.7. Almost 76% of the employees have said that the safety measures provided to them are

effective to great extent.

8. It is found out that all the employees are satisfied with the ventilation and the lighting in

their work place.

9. The frequency of the machines being checked is found out to be regular and satisfactory

because most of the employees have said that the frequency of checking depends on the

type of machine used. If it requires daily checking then it is done properly and they dont

take any chance of risk in these criteria. Only 25% of the employees surveyed have said

that machines are being checked only after damage.

10. The working conditions of the machines are found to be satisfactory by most of the

employees who have been surveyed. Since there is regular maintenance and checking of

machines, there is satisfaction among employees. Noise level is the factor in which 43%

of the employees are dissatisfied with the machines.

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11. When surveyed about the method of education to be given for safety of employees most

of the employees preferred safety demonstrations to be best method. 26% of the

employees have opted for highlighting unsafe practices and the remaining have said for

safety lectures, films and posters.

12. The frequency of accidents is found to be very rare (75%) in the organization.

13. The employees who have been surveyed has stated that the frequency of accidents is rare

and if at all the accidents happen it is because of the carelessness of the employees. Most

of the respondents have opted for the above mentioned factor. 37% of the people have

said that the employee doesnt have sufficient knowledge about safety and very few

respondents (5%) have said that the safety tools are improper.

14. From the survey conducted in ICF it is found out that the safety aids like fire

extinguishers, alarms are available at easily accessible points so that they can use it

immediately at the time of emergencies. 61% of the respondents have opted yes for it and

the rest 39% have opted No for it.

15. Almost all the (65%) employees are satisfied with the welfare facilities available to them.

Since it is a government organization all the employees enjoy equal benefit of welfare

schemes like pension, transportation, leave benefits etc. And because of this satisfaction

many of the employees feel that it will lead to better outcome in production and

satisfaction at their work place.

16. Many of the employees are very much satisfied with the current welfare facility. 54 % of

the employees have said that it will promote sense of belongingness and 33% of the

employees have said that the welfare schemes provided to them will create enthusiasm at

work.

17. From the research it is found out that almost all the employees (69%) believe that the

current safety and welfare measures has created a good and healthy working environment

between management and the employees which in turn states that there is complete level

of satisfaction towards these measures.

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18. When asked opinion about the canteen facility, space factor and quality of food is found

to be average. The drinking water, cleanliness and price of food is found to be good. The

employees (24%) have stated that there is no variety in food.

19. 81% of the employees have stated that sufficient training on safety should be given so as

to reduce accidents and 19% of the employees have said that safety tools should be used

regularly.

20. Any problems relating to safety and welfare are found to be solved immediately. It is

found out that all the employees have attended safety training program and the training

provided to them was somewhat useful to them at their work place.

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CHAPTER 6

RECOMMENDATIONS

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RECOMMENDATIONS

The area of interest taken for study is Satisfaction level on Safety and welfare measure in ICF.

The following things have been recommended to the organization so that any improvements that

are suggested by the researcher can be implemented at the earliest so that the safety and welfare

become more effective.

1. Since all the employees are very much aware of all the safety and welfare measures, the

company is suggested to maintain the same standard of making people aware about any

further additions that is to be made in future.

2. The satisfaction levels on these safety and welfare measures are found to be excellent and

the organization is asked to maintain the same level with the same efforts.

3. The company can try to give much more safety training to employees and can take more

necessary steps to educate the employees.

4. The noise should be control has possible it can by using proper windows and controlling

the sound of the machines.

5. It is suggested that safety education programs can be given as preferred by the employees

so that the understanding level will be high if their method is adopted rather than

adopting employers method of teaching.

6. The safety education program should be made to each and every employee. And also

provide all the safety guard for the work or at the time of working.

7. To avoid employees carelessness during work hours which leads to accidents it is been

recommended that any mild punishments can be given like warnings or cut off in pay so

that it may reduce their carelessness.

8. The employees can be given more variety in food and the quality of food can still be

improvised.

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CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

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The study titled as LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES TOWARDS SAFETY

AND WELFARE MEASURES was done in a very formal and in a proper manner. Since

safety and welfare are the most important factors for any employee working in any organization

to produce better results, Integral Coach Factory (ICF) has taken care of these measures very

well which resulted in the high level of satisfaction towards these measures.

Employees should play a more concerted role in safety and accident prevention program and in

arousing safety consciousness. Safety should become a habit among employees instead of mere

compulsion.

The study was conducted with the help of questionnaire by taking survey in informal manner

without disturbing the work of employees and the totals of 100 employees were surveyed.

It finally conclude by stating that Safety acts as life line for the employees and Welfare of the

employees is to keep the morale and motivation of the employees always high to retain them for

longer period of time which is very well understood by the management team of ICF and are

taken very good care about these measures which has resulted in good level of satisfaction from

employees towards Safety and Welfare measures

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CHAPTER - 8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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1. Alexander Gamanji human resource management prentice hall of the India private

limited third edition (1998).

2. Jacques whit ford human resource management prentice hall of the India private

limited tenth edition (2006).

3. Jon M Werner and randy C De Simon human resource development Thomson south

western fourth edition (2006).

4. Kothari CR research methodology new age international private limited 2 edition

(2005).

5. Humayan seraj personnel management Himalaya publishing house (1980).

6. Richard & Levin & David S robin statistics for management hall of the India private

limited seventh edition (2006).

7. Stephen D Robbin organization behaviourprantice hall of the India private limited

eleventh (2005).

8. Wayee R Lascio human resource management MC Graw Hill publishing company

limited seventh edition 2006).

9. Lawrence K.C personnel management journal construction innovation information

forever management third edition 2005.

10 .Finkelistern & Foel B human resource management national safety council second

edition 2001.

WEBSITES

www.google.com

www.icf.com

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CHAPTER 9

APPENDIX-

QUESTIONNAIRE

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SATISFACTIONLEVEL OF THE EMPLOYEES TOWARDS SAFETY AND

WELFARE MEASURES IN INTEGRAL COACH FACTORY (ICF)

Questionnaire:

Dear Sir/ Madam,

I am V.PRABHU doing MBA [final year] from SAVEETHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

conducting a research A STUDY ON THE SATISFACTION LEVEL OF EMPLOYEES

TOWARDS SAFETY AND WELFARE MEASURES IN INTEGRAL COACH

FACTORY

I will be grateful if you kindly help me by filling up this questionnaire

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Age: ________

Gender:

(a) Male (b) Female

Experience:

(a) 1 - 3 Years (b) 3 - 5 Years (c) 5 - 10 Years (d) Above 10 Years

Educational qualification:

(a) 10th std

(b) 12th std

(c) Diploma

(d) UG

(e) PG

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PLEASE TICK THE MOST SUITABLE OPTION:

1. Are you aware of the safety measures provided in your organization?

(a) Yes (b) No

2. How far the safety measures provided to you are effective?

(a) To great extent (b) To some extent (c) To the least

3. Are you satisfied with ventilation and lighting?

(a) Yes (b) No

4. What is the frequency of the machines being checked?

(a) Daily (b) After any damage (c) Depends on the machine

5. Tell about your satisfaction level of the working condition of machines by ticking in the

appropriate box:

Particulars

Highly satisfied Satisfied Neither satisfiednor dissatisfied

Dissatisfied

Machine safety

Machine

maintenance

Noise level

6. Have you attended any safety training program previously?

(a) Yes (b) No

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7. How far was that training useful to you at your work spot and for your Job?

(a) Greatly useful (b) To some extent (c) Least useful

8. In your opinion, which method of safety education will be best suitable for the employee?

(a) Poster

(b) (b) Safety demonstrations

(c) Highlighting unsafe practices

(d) Safety films

(e) Safety lectures

9. How frequent are accidents occurring in your organization?

(a) Very often (b) Rarely

10. What do you think as the reasons for the accidents happening in the company in spite of all

safety measures?

(a) Carelessness of employee

(b) Inadequate knowledge about the safety tools

(c) Improper safety tools/Aids

11. Are you sufficiently provided with the safety measures that are of at most importance at the

time of emergencies like fire extinguisher, first aid box etc?

(a) Yes (b) No

12. Are you aware of all the welfare facilities provided to you?

(a) Yes (b) No

13. The welfare facilities available to you will increase the productivity/ outcome level of each

individual employee?

(a) Yes (b) No14. Are you satisfied by the leave benefits given to you?

(a) Highly satisfied (b) Satisfied (c) Dissatisfied

15. What is your perception towards the impact of effective welfare measures?

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(a) Reduces absenteeism

(b) Promote sense of belongingness

(c) Improves enthusiasm at work

16. Do you think that the safety and welfare measures will create a healthy work environment

among the management and the employees?

(a) Strongly agree

(b) Partially agree

(c) Disagree

17.TICK THE FOLLOWING ABOUT THE CANTEEN FACILITY:

CRITERIAS POOR AVERAGE GOOD EXCELLENT

Sufficient space

Quality food

Cleanliness

Variety food

Price

Drinking water

18. Any grievances related to safety and welfare are addressed immediately/ solved

immediately?

(a) Strongly agree

(b) Partially agree

(c) Disagree

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19. What actions should be taken to reduce the accidents?

(a) Make use of the safety aids regularly

(b) Give sufficient safety training

20. Do you get motivated by some of the welfare activities like employee holiday camp or

employee children camp which results in your satisfaction at your work?

(a) Yes

(b) No

21. How far these safety and welfare measures provided to you are Satisfactory on the whole?

(b) To great extent (b) To some extent (c) To the least

* * *Thank you for your co-operation* * *

prabhu final sai final report

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