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Industrial RevolutionLife in English Factories
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English Factory System
• First adopted in England in the 1750s, as a method for manufacturing
• Involved mass producing goods by machines usually run by water or steam
• Featured low and unskilled workers running machines, or moving materials
• Lowered costs of goods
Power Looms in English Cotton Mill (circa 1830)
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Factory Reform Legislation• Between 1800 and 1850,
Parliament passed a series of laws to regulate factory work.
• Many of these laws focused on protecting children working in factories, and set limits on the amount of hours that children could work in factories.
• The Factory Act of 1850, for example, limited the weekly hours that children could work to 60 and daily hours to 10.5.
Political Cartoon: “English Factory Slaves.” Robert Cruikshank
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Factory Reform Legislation
• Throughout this period, several commissions investigated working conditions in factories.
• Politicians, academics, doctors, and other public figures wrote books, pamphlets, speeches, and newspaper articles in support of or against regulating the country’s growing factory system.
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Were textile factories bad for the health of English workers?
Central Historical Question