[ppt]orenid associates presents - kean university | world …fosborne/id2950/01ch.ppt · web...
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Computer History
Presented byFrank H. Osborne, Ph. D.
© 2005
ID 2950Technology and the Young Child
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The Abacus• The abacus emerged about 5000 years
ago in Asia Minor.• It uses a series of beads to make
calculations. In some parts of the world it is still in use today.
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Early Inventors• Early workers pioneered the concepts
that made the modern day computer possible
• Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662)• Gottfried von Leibnitz (1646-1716)• Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1752-1834)• Charles Babbage (1791 - 1871)
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Blaise Pascal• Pascal was a
mathematician.• He developed a
machine called the Pascaline in 1642.
• The machine was used to make calculations.
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Blaise Pascal• It used a series of gears
where a single gear with 10 teeth engaged a one-tooth gear. The one-tooth gear would turn 10 times to make the 10-tooth gear revolve once.
• It did addition and subtraction. The Pascaline
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Gottfried von Liebnitz
• Liebnitz was a German philosopher.
• He improved on Pascal's machine by making one that could also multiply and divide.
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Joseph-Marie Jacquard
• Jacquard was a silk weaver.
• He designed a loom that controlled the weaving using cards with holes punched in them.
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Joseph-Marie Jacquard
• The punched cards are sewn together to make a long strip alongside the loom.
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Joseph-Marie Jacquard
• Three Jacquard punch cards.
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Charles Babbage
• Babbage was an inventor.
• Among his inventions are the speedometer and the cow catcher.
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Charles Babbage
• Babbage designed a machine called the "difference engine."
• The idea was to perform repeated calculations mechanically.
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Charles Babbage• He later designed an
"analytical engine" that also ran on punched cards like those used on the Jacquard loom. Only part of it was ever built.
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Augusta Ada King• Augusta Ada King,
Countess of Lovelace (1815 - 1842) was the daughter of Lord Byron.
• She served as Babbage's assistant and helped secure British Government funding for it.
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Augusta Ada King
• She is sometimes considered to be the first computer programmer.
• In the 1980s the US Department of Defense named the ADA programming language after her.
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Herman Hollerith
• Herman Hollerith (1860 - 1929) was an engineer.
• His idea was to use punched cards to store data. These were used well into the 20th century.
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Herman Hollerith
• Hollerith invented a tabulating machine to perform the 1890 census.
• He then formed the Tabulating Machine Company which became IBM in 1924.
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Konrad Zuse
• Konrad Zuse (1910 - 1995) developed the first general purpose program controlled computer.
• It used telephone relay switches to make on/off decisions.
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Konrad Zuse
• He tried to get funding from the German government in World War II but was denied.
• His work did not become generally known until much after the war.
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ENIAC
• ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Computer)
• Developed by John W. Mauchly (1907-1980) and J. Presper Eckert, Jr. (1919-1995) at the University of Pennsylvania.
• It did calculations using circuits containing vacuum tubes that were about 1000 times faster switches than telephone relays.
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ENIAC
• ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Computer)
Vacuum Tube
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Transistor
• The Transistor was invented in 1948. It replaced the vacuum tubes in radios, televisions and computers.
• Transistor computers were smaller and faster than the earlier models.
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Microprocessor
• The microprocessor is a series of transistors and electronic circuits etched onto a chip of silicon.
• The first one was invented in 1958 by Jack St. Clair Kilby of Texas Instruments.
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The rest of the story
• This led to the development of the microcomputer that is so familiar to us today.
• Apple, Radio Shack, Commodore, IBM and others developed microcomputers during the latter part of the 20th century.
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The End