INDIAN RAILWAYS- AN INTRODUCTION

B.V.L.NARAYANASenior professor / transportation management

Scheme of presentation History of rail roads Evolution of IR Organizational structure and management Staffing pattern Management of staff

– Welfare activities– Negotiating machineries– Grievance redressal mechanisms

History of Rail roads 1550 AD –

– Roads of rails called wagon ways used in Germany—wooden rails, horse drawn carriages

1776 AD– Rails now of metal. Wheels metal—called tram ways—

horse drawn-spread all over Europe 1789AD

– William Jessop- invented the flanged wheel 1803 AD

– Steam engine built by Richard trevethick

History of rail roads RAILROADS –feasible due to invention of

steam engine– 1789- first flanged wheels designed –Jessop– 1804 –first tramway steam engine built and used –R.

Trevithick– 1825-Stockton and Darlington railways functional– 1814-George Stephenson –built first rail engine– 1826- john Stevens- first American railroad– 1857 –first sleeping car built –Pullman– 1869-george Westinghouse –invention of air brakes– 1970’s –high speed technology

HISTORY OF RAILRODS-INDIA

– 1832 first proposed in madras—bangalore– 1836-survey carried out– 1840- lord Hardinge decides to support building of

railways—irrespective of commercial viability– 1845-two companies EIR and GIPR operating– Dec 22 1851—roorkee functional railway system to

haul construction material– April 16 1853- Bombay –thane first passenger train run– 15 august 1854 –Howrah to hoogly

History of railroads in India The British government encouraged the setting up

of railways by private investors under a scheme that would guarantee an annual return of 5% during the initial years of operation. Once completed, the company would be passed under government ownership, but would be operated by the company that built them.

1862-Howrah –benaras 1870- East and west network linked –6400 kms

and 95 million pounds investment

History of railroads –India By 1880 the network had a route mileage of about 14,500 km

(9,000 miles), mostly radiating inward from the three major port cities of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. By 1895, India had started building its own locomotives, and in 1896 sent engineers and locomotives to help build the ugandan railways .

In 1900, the GIPR became a government owned company. The network spread to modern day states of Assam, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh and soon various independent kingdoms began to have their own rail systems.

1901 –railway board constituted 1907 –most companies taken over by government—first electric

locomotive 1914-1918—impact of world war I 1920– 61000 kms network—independent railway budget 1940-44—impact of second world war

History of IR –pre independence IRCA

– The Indian Railway Conference Association came into existence in the year 1902. AT that time railway network in India consisted of 19 privately owned separate railways systems covering a total of 8,475 miles. Each company had formulated its own rules and regulations regarding charging, booking and carriage of Passengers and Goods. Due to multiplicity of rules the user was very much inconvenienced. With a view to overcome the difficulties in regard to different rules and regulations and to frame rules regarding movement of wagons of one railway system over the other, the Indian Railway Conference Association was formed in the year 1902. Initially the Association was constituted to frame rules and regulations for booking of traffic and interchange of trains between railways, to act as a consultative Committee and as a Board of Arbitration. Subsequently the Committees for prescribing common standards for wagon maintenance and Classification were formed and by 1926 it was decided to have permanent Committees and Technical sections covering all spheres of Railway working under IRCA.

History of IR –post independence 1946 –all company railways taken over by government.

40% railways in Pakistan 42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways); 55000

KMS—Multi gauge 1951- reorganization and merger of all company

railways—6 Zones 1952—BG standard, indigenous production units;

electrification 1986-steam phased out Metro built in Calcutta 1998-konkan railway built

EAST INDIAN RAILWAY -1860

Some company railways BBCI—

– The Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was a company incorporated in 1855 to undertake the task of constructing a railway line between Bombay and Vadodara in India. BB&CI completed the work in 1864. The first suburban railway in India was started by BB&CI started between Virar and Colaba, a station in Bombay Backbay in the 1867

– The Colaba-Borivali section (37.8 km) was eletrified on 5 January, 1928 on the 1.5 kV DC system.

– 1936– electrification of churchgate-virar– On 5 November 1951 the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India

Railway was merged with the Saurashtra, Rajputana and Jaipur railways to give rise to the Western Railway.

Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway

The Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway was a railway company that operated in southern India. It was founded on January 1, 1908, by merging the Madras and the southern mahratta railways. Initially, its headquarters was at Royapuram in Madras but later shifted to a newly constructed building at Egmore, which was inaugurated on December 11, 1922. On April 1, 1944, its management was taken over directly by the Government of India.[1] On 14 April, 1951, the Madras and South Mahratta Railway, the South indian railway and the mysore state railway were merged together to form the Southern Railway, one of the 16 zones of the Indian Railways

MSM RAILWAY MAP OF NETWORK

Name of Railway Mileage(i) Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway* 736(ii) Bikaner State Railway 883(iii) Cutch State Railway 72(iv) Dholpur State Railway 56(v) J aipur State Railway 253(vi) J odhpur Railway 807(vii) Mysore State Railway 712(viii) Nizam's State Railway 1396(ix) Rajasthan Railway 179(x) Saurashtra Railway 1274(w) Scindia State Railway 294a) Madras and Southern Maharastra Railway 2,939(b) South Indian Railway 2,349(c) Mysore State Railway 729(a Great Indian Peninsula Railway 3,617(b) Nizam's State Railway 1,461(c) Dholpur State Railway 56Scindia State Railway 294a) Bombay Baroda and Central India Railway (less Delhi- Rewari- Fazilka and Kanpur- Achnera Sections). 3,522(b) Saurashtra Railway 1,363(c) J aipur State Railway 291(d) Rajasthan Railway 197(e) Cutch State Railway 72(e) Marwar- Phulad section of J odhpur Railway 72a) Bengal Nagpur Railway 3,388

(b) East India Railway (Except portion transferred to Northern Railway ) 2,279Eastern Punjab Railway 1,915(b) Bikaner State Railway 883(c) J odhpur Railway (Expect Marwar-Phulad Section) 795(d) Moradabad, Lucknow & Ellahabad Division of East Indian Railway 2,101(e) Delhi- Rewari –Fazilka Section of Bombay & Central Indian Railway 313Oadh-Tirhut Railway 2,741(b) Assam Railway 1,774(c) Kanpur-Achnera section of Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway 252

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dc/India_railways1909a.jpg

History of IR –post independence 1946 –all company railways taken over by government.

40% railways in Pakistan 42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways); 55000

KMS—Multi gauge 1951- reorganization and merger of all company

railways—6 Zones 1952—BG standard, indigenous production units;

electrification 1986-steam phased out Metro built in Calcutta 1998-konkan railway built

RailwaysRoute Kilometrege opened on

3lst March 1986(1) Central 6,486.32(2) Eastern 4,281.25(3) Northern 10,976.67(4) North Eastern 5,163.31(5) North East Frontier 3,763.01(6) Southern 6,728.66(7) South Central 7,137.54(8) South Eastern 7,075.05(9) Western 10,224.40

Total 61836.21

Network zones

Sl. No   Name   Abbr.  Date Established  Headquarters   Divisions  1 Central CR 5-Nov-51 Mumbai Mumbai, Bhusawal, Pune, Solapur, Nagpur2 East Central ECR 1-Oct-02 Hajipur Danapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur3 East Coast ECoR 1-Apr-03 BhubaneswarKhurda Road, Sambalpur, Visakhapatnam4 Eastern ER April, 1952 Kolkata Howrah, Sealdah, Asansol, Malda5 North Central NCR 1-Apr-03 Allahabad Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi6 North Eastern NER 1952 Gorakhpur Izzatnagar, Lucknow, Varanasi7 North Western NWR 1-Oct-02 Jaipur Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur8 Northeast Frontier NFR 1958 Guwahati Alipurduar, Katihar, Lumding, Rangia, Tinsukia9 Northern NR 14-Apr-52 Delhi Delhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow, Moradabad

10 South Central SCR 2-Oct-66 SecunderabadSecunderabad, Hyderabad, Guntakal, Guntur, Nanded, Vijayawada11 South East Central SECR 1-Apr-03 Bilaspur, CGBilaspur, Raipur, Nagpur12 South Eastern SER 1955 Kolkata Adra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi13 South Western SWR 1-Apr-03 Hubli Hubli, Bangalore, Mysore14 Southern SR 14-Apr-51 Chennai Chennai, Madurai, Palakkad, Salem, Tiruchchirapalli, Thiruvanathapuram15 West Central WCR 1-Apr-03 Jabalpur Jabalpur, Bhopal, Kota16 Western WR 5-Nov-51 Mumbai Mumbai Central, Vadodara, Ratlam, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Bhavnagar

IR –zonal RAILWAYS ON DATE

Productivity over time

Railway medical services

Railway medical services

Staff welfare Staff Benefit Fund is an important

channel for providing additional facilities to railway employees and their families in the spheres of education, recreation, medicare, sports, scouting and cultural activities. Dispensaries under the indigenous systems of medicine, viz. Ayurvedic and Homeopathic, are run with the help of this Fund.

Important statistics Approximately 42% staff have been

provided with railway quarters. 253 canteens served subsidized

meals and refreshments to employees during the year at their work-places.

Co-operative societies of various types are encouraged as a part of welfare programme for employees.

Important activities 171 registered Railwaymen's Consumer

Co-operative Societies, 19 Railwaymen's Cooperative Housing Societies and 29 Labour Contract Cooperative Societies were functional on IR during 2007-08.

IR attaches due importance to recreation for its employees and provides excellent facilities through Institutes/Clubs for sports, libraries, etc. and Holiday Homes to enable the employees and their families to enjoy holidays at nominal expenses.

Railway Minister's Welfare and Relief FundThe Fund provides financial assistance and relief to railwayemployees and their families in times of distress. Voluntarycontributions from the employees and Railway Women's Welfare Organizations constitute the primary source of the Fund. Life Line Express, with all medical facilities, runsunder the aegis of Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, New Delhi fororganizing medical camps in the hinterland.

Railway Schools IR runs and manages 365 railway schools which

include nearly 100 Senior/Secondary/High Schools. These schools provide quality education at subsidized cost to about one lakh children of railway employees and about 30,000 non-railway wards. There are about 5,500 teachers and about 1,100 nonteaching staff employed in these railway schools. IR also supports 62 Kendriya Vidyalayas for the benefit of wards of railway employees.

Empowerment, Welfare, and Development of Women

IR is the largest employer in the country with 13,94,520 employees of which 82,712 are women employees as on March 31, 2008.

Various privileges are also available to women railway employees like maternity leave, special leave for promoting family welfare and most significantly Child Care Leave for a period of 2 years which has been introduced recently.

Complaint redressal system under gender discrimination Handicraft centres and Mahila Samities have been instituted to

impart skills necessary for pursuing income generating vocations. A specific outlay is earmarked under Staff Benefit Fund towards Women Empowerment Activities. This is for women family members

Women Welfare Organisations are also being run by wives of Railway Officers who are also promoting the cause of women through activities like nursery schools, crèches, institutions for mentally challenged children, promoting talent amongst wards of the employees and rendering necessary financial assistance in deserving cases.

Other major activities Sports Help to differently abled persons

– Concessions– Facilities at stations and in coaches– Reservation in posts-3%

Staff grievance redressal system Pension adalats Permanent negotiating machinery

Undertaking under IR CONCOR

– Set up in 1989– 3500 crores turn over– 22% profit

Center for railway information system– Responsible for creation and implementation of major

IT systems on IR Dedicated freight corridor corporation of India –

– Set up 2006 November

Undertakings under IR IRCON

– Set up 1976– Internationally spread– Construction company– 2100 crores turnover

IRCTC– Manages catering, tourism and e-ticketing

IRFC– Facilitates market mobilization of finances for railways

Undertakings under IR KRCL

– Started in 1998– Runs 760 km long railway line

PRCL RAILTEL RITES

– TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND CONSULLTANCY SERVICES

Undertakings under IR RVNL

– to raise non budgetary resources –SPV– Construction activities

Advisory boards– Rail users committees– Research advisory board

Our heritage– 3 heritage railways– Rail museum

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