[ppt]colonial ways of life - pc\|macimages.pcmac.org/sisfiles/schools/al/autaugacounty... · web...
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Colonial Economies The colonial economies became the backbone
of each individual colony. How they developed socially, ethnically, and politically usually depended on the cash crops and manufactured goods produced.
Identify and label these products on your map as well as major cities.
Create a key Use the map on page 85 and 92.
Culture in the Colonies Organize into groups: New England
colonies, Middle colonies, and Southern colonies
First, identify which colonies are part of your group.
Analyze these colonies in terms of language, social groups, economic system, and religion.Note your answers in chart form
Finally, select a representative character of your region and write a letter describing the person’s life to family members left behind in Europe. Letters must represent the realities of life in your region.
The Southern Economy Economy based on agriculture. Tobacco, first cash crop
Grown for market. Demand made many Chesapeake Bay farmers
wealthy. Rise of plantations
Large estates where many laborers lived on the land and cultivated the crops for the landowner.
Rice and Indigo in South Carolina Failed crops:
sugarcane and rice New type of rice
introduced Led to need for West
African labor. Indigo introduced
Could be produced in the rice off season.
Southern SocietyWealthy Planters
Small/backcoun
try farmers
Landless tenant farmers
Indentured Servants
Enslaved Africans
Southern gentry- planter elite, served as representatives in government, commanded local militia, and served as judges.
Backcountry farmers and subsistence farming
Tenant farmers worked land they rented from elite.
Indentured servants sold their labor for food, clothing, and shelter. 4-7 year contracts
Bacon’s Rebellion Wealthy planters dominated Virginia society.
Restricted vote and gave tax exemptions to the gentry Crisis over land
Land for indentured servants and tenant farmers? Governor Sir William Berkeley refused to extend colony
into Native American lands. Nathaniel Bacon leads a revolt
Seized power from the corrupt Governor. Slavery increases in Virginia
As a result, Virginia’s government supported expanding westward into Native American lands.
Accelerated use of slave labor.
Slavery in the Colonies Between 10-12 million Africans were forcibly
transported to the Americas between 1450-1870.
Roughly 2 million died at sea along the middle passage.
3.5 million to Brazil 1.5 million to Spanish colonies 4 million to the Caribbean 500,000 to North America
The Middle Passage Olaudah Equiano reflects on his journey,“At last, when the ship we were in had got in all
her cargo, … we were all put under deck… The closeness of the place, and heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. …. This brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many died… the shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable…”
Slavery in the Colonies The first Africans were treated as indentured
servants. Many obtained their freedom by converting to
Christianity 1638, Maryland becomes first colony to
recognize slavery. In 1705, Virginia creates a slave code– set of
laws that defined the relationship between slaves and free people.
New England’s Economy What role did
geography play in shaping the economy of the New England region?
Fishing and Whaling Lumbering and
Shipbuilding
Life in New England’s Towns Towns became the heart of New England
society. Town Meetings
Free men elected leaders to the General Court. Town meetings developed into the local
governments; run by elected selectmen Puritan Society
“Holy watching” and “Doing the Lord’s work”
Trade and the Rise of Cities Triangular Trade
Bills of exchange – credit slips English merchants gave the planters in exchange for their sugar.
Triangular trade – three way trade New England merchants established with the Caribbean colonies and England.
Made many merchants very wealthy and led to new industries in New England.
Trade and the Rise of Cities A New Urban Society
Overcrowding, crime, pollution, and epidemics
Led to increased city governments
Wealthy Merchant
s
Artisans
Unskilled Laborers
Society in the Middle Colonies Growth of the Middle Colonies
Rivers made it easy for farmers to move their goods to the coast for shipping to markets.
The Wheat Boom Population explosion and new immigrants led to
huge demand for wheat to feed them. Entrepreneurs- businessmen who risked their
money by buying land, equipment, and supplies for profits.
Created capitalists, people who had money to invest in new business.
Mercantilism Mercantilism - The theory that the state’s
(country) power depends on its wealth.1. Accumulate gold and silver2. Sell more than you buy3. Be self-sufficient in raw materials/est. colonies
where raw materials are Navigation Acts
1. All goods imported or exported carried on English ships
2. Listed specific raw materials that could be sold only to England or other English colonies.
3. Staple Act required everything the colonies imported to come through England.
Mercantilism Problems with Enforcement
Massachusetts merchants routinely ignored Acts; smuggled good to Caribbean and Europe
Gov. informed King Charles II Mass. was not required to obey laws made by Parliament unless it was in the interest of Mass to do so.
The Dominion of New England In 1686 the English government merged Mass,
Plymouth, and Rhode Island together to create the Dominion of New England.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 King James II offends many English people.
Revokes town charters Openly practices Catholicism
A Bloodless Revolution Parliament invites his Protestant daughter Mary
and husband William to take the throne. James II flees resulting in a bloodless change of
power known as the Glorious Revolution.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 The Glorious Revolution in America
William and Mary allow the Dominion of New England to dissolve.
Insist that the Massachusetts governor had to be appointed by the king.
Also changed who could vote in Mass and granted freedom of worship to Anglicans.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 The Legacy of John Locke
Glorious Revolution showed that there were times when revolution against the king was justified.
English philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) writes Two Treatise of Government (1690).
Natural rights – fundamental rights all people are born possessing, including the right to life, liberty, and property.
Kings should not have absolute power, or power without limits.
Social Contract John Locke and other philosophers developed a solution to
the problems that exist in a place without government. In a state of nature, people might feel free to do anything they want to do. However, their rights would not be protected and they would feel insecure. Locke argued that people should agree with one another to give up some of their freedom in exchange for protection and security. They should consent to follow some laws in exchange for the protection that these laws would give them. This agreement is called a social compact or social contract. A social compact is an agreement people make among themselves to create a government to rule them and protect their natural rights. In this agreement the people consent to obey the laws created by that government.
Family Life in Colonial America Population Growth
High birth rates Immigrants
Women in Colonial Society In the 1700s, the status of women improved
Health and Disease Improvements in housing and sanitation helped
American colonists resist some diseases. Cotton Mather develops a small pox vaccine.
Immigrants in Colonial AmericaGroup Where They
SettledReasons for Immigrating
Germans Pennsylvania Pursue religious freedom and escape religious wars.
Scotch-Irish Pennsylvania, western frontier, southern backcountry
Rising taxes, poor harvests, religious discrimination
Jews New York, Philadelphia, Charles Town, Savannah, Newport
Religious tolerance
Africans in Colonial America Africans Build a New Culture
Developed own language, religious practices, musical forms
Oppression and Resistance Authority was maintained through harsh means. Passive resistance Stono Rebellion, 1739
75 Africans overpowered their white overseers then headed south to Spanish Florida.
Local militia ended the rebellion, killing 30-40 Africans.
The Enlightenment Challenged the authority of the church in
science and philosophy while elevating the power of human reason.
Rationalism- emphasis on logic and reason John Locke’s Essay on Human Understanding Montesquieu and Separation of Political Power
Executive, Legislative, and Judicial
The Great Awakening Pietism- stressed an individuals piety or
devoutness and an emotional union with God. Ministers held revivals, large public meetings
for preaching and prayer. This revival of religious feelings was known as
the Great Awakening. Effects:
Divided congregations in New England Baptist preaching won converts among poor
tenant and backcountry farmers. New African Christian culture on plantations
Factors Contributin
g to Colonial
Population Increase
Immigration
Improved housing
and sanitation
Smallpox inoculatio
nHigher
birthrate
Enslavement of
Africans
Study Guide Questions1. What cash crops did the economy of the Southern colonies
depend on?2. Identify the consequences of Bacon’s Rebellion3. Why did Southern planters come to rely on enslaved labor?4. What role did town meetings play in the New England
colonies?5. Explain the Triangular Trade and how it contributed to the
rise of cities. 6. How did the ideas of John Locke contribute to revolutionary
ideas in the American colonies?7. Explain how the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening
influenced the American colonies.8. What factors and motivations drove immigration to the
American colonies in the 1700s?