E-VOTING

Submitted by –SMRITI RAI

Electronic voting (also known as e-voting) is voting using electronic systems to aid casting and counting votes.

E-voting is an electronic system that allows a voter to record his or her secure and secret ballot electronically.

E-voting or electronic voting means a broader sense the use of electronic means in one of the following three processes:

• Identification of voters• Casting the vote• Counting the vote

INTRODUCTION

KIOSK INTERNET TELEPHONE PUNCH CARD OPTICAL SCAN BALLOT

E-Voting includes voting Through-

Kiosk-Kiosk Voting is the electronic casting of the vote outside of a polling station in an uncontrolled environment on a voting computer for example in shopping malls or army bases.

VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF E-VOTING

Optical Scanning Machines or OSM are scanning the ballot paper.

After the successful scanning, the vote is counted electronically but the paper ballots are still present for a possible manual recount.

Some OSM devices display the scanned results to the voter and ask for her/his confirmation before storing the electronic vote.

Optical Scanning Machine

Internet voting or online voting is often described as remote electronic voting, it describes the possibility to cast the vote over the Internet.

The vote is cast in an uncontrolled environment.

Such voting channels have been used in political election in Estonia, Switzerland & Norway.

Internet voting

RAISE YOUR HAND OR RAISE YOUR VOICE PAPER BALLOT LEVER MACHINE POSTAL PUNCH CARD OPTICAL SCANNING MOBILE OR PHONE DRE(DIRECT RECORDING MACHINE)

SOME OTHER VOTING TECHNIQUES

Ancient technique of voting People used to cast their vote by raising

their hand and their voice.

Raise your hand or raise your voice

Australian paper ballot introduced in 1858. The first Known use of the paper ballots in an election in the U.S.

was in 1629 to select a church pastor. Voters record their choices, in private; by marking the boxes next

to the candidate or issue choice they select and drop the voted ballot in a sealed ballot box.

Paper ballot(1858)

The first official use of a lever type voting machine, known then as the "Myers Automatic Booth" occurred in Lockport, New York in 1892.

A set of printed strips visible to the voters identifies the lever assignment for each candidate 

The voter pulls down selected levers to indicate choices. When the voter exits the booth by opening the privacy curtain

with the handle, the voted levers are automatically returned to their original horizontal position.

Lever machine(1892)

Ordinary paper ballot is delivered to voters, by post .  Paper ballot is returned by post for counting.   Voters need to sign a declaration . They have to prove they are authorized to cast the vote posted .  

Postal

Herman Hollerith invented a punch card tabulation machine system

Voters with a stylus punch holes in cards to register their votes Mechanical machines counted automatically Punch card election results have been very solid in recounts Ambiguous ballots ("hanging cards") are extremely rare  

Punch card(1964)

In 1937, IBM introduced the Type 805 Test Scoring Machine, sensing graphite pencil marks on paper by their electrical conductivity. 

In this system voters record their choices on a ballot card by filling in a circle. They then either place the ballot in a sealed box, or they feed it into a computer-tabulating. 

The tabulating device reads the votes using dark mark logic& selecting the darkest mark within a given set as the correct vote.  

Optical scanning(1970)

Provide voting either through a touch-tone system or through SMS text messages on mobile phones.

Authentication is achieved through the use of PIN and access codes, which are mailed to voters ahead of the ballot

 

Phone or mobile

• The voter directly enters choices into electronic storage with the use of a touch-screen, push buttons, or similar device.

• The voter’s choices are stored in these machines via a memory cartridge, diskette or smart card and added to the choices of all other voters.

•

Electronic voting machine (Direct Recording Electronic [DRE]) ~1985

Eligibility and authentication –only registered voters must be admitted.

  Uniqueness –no voter may cast his vote more than once. Accuracy –voting systems should record the votes

correctly.   Verifiability and audit ability –it should be possible to

verify that all votes have been correctly accounted for in the final tally, and there should be reliable and verifiably authentic election records.

 

Requirment of E-Voting

Secrecy –no one should be able to determine how any individual voted.

  Non-coerciability –voters should not be able to prove to

others how they voted; otherwise vote selling and coercion would be facilitated.

  Minimum skill requirement for voter   Minimal requirement of equipment Minimum Time required for vote  

Faster Cheaper More conveinent Secure

Advantages of E-Voting

Changing fortunes of voting machines

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