BRICK MASONRY

BRICK MASONRY PRESENTED BY: SUBHENDU SAMUI (dr.b.c.roy engineering college)

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OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION DEFINATION UNIQUENSS CHARACTERISTIC OF BRICK ADVANTAGE MANUFACTURNG TYPES SIZE JOINT TOOLSTECHNICAL TERMSORIENTATION RULES BOND CLASSIFICATION TESTS OF BRICKDEFECTSCONCLUSION

Brick bonds are an essential part of wall structure. "brick"is a standard-sized weight- bearing building unit. Several bricks are laid together in stacks. Mortar paste is placed on top of each to form a firm bond. are laid to form the structure. There are different ways in which bricks are termed as bonds.

IINNTRINTROODUCTION

WHAT IS BRICK-MASONARY BRICK :- Brick is a building unit ,which is in the form of rectangular block in which length to breadth ratio is 2 but height can be different. MASONARY :-Construction of building unit bonded together with mortar. BRICK MASONRY:-The art of laying bricks in mortar in a proper systematic manner gives homogeneous mass which can withstand forces without disintegration, called Brick masonry.

BRICK MASONRY-UNIQUENESS FIRE RESISTANCE

SIZE

DURABILITY

WORAKABILITY

ECONOMICAL

CHARACTERISTIC OF BRICKSBrick will not burn, buckle or melt.Brick will not rot and allow Termites to invade.Brick will not rust and corrode.Brick will not dent.Brick will not fade from the Suns UV Rays.Brick will not be damaged by high winds , rain or hail.Brick will not require constant maintains.Brick will not devalue.Brick will not limit your personal expression.Brick will not limit your design options.

ADVANTAGES OF BRICK MASONRYThe Brick masonry is cheaper than compared to stone masonry.Bricks are of uniform size.Bricks are very workable .Brick blocks dont need any dressing.Bricks are very light in weight.No complicated lifting devices are necessary in brick work. There is no problem to its availability.They do not require transportation from long distances. Brick work can be done by the less skilled labours also.Bonding strength is very good and brick work is more durable.

MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS Raw materials like fly Ash,lime sand and gypsum or fly Ash,cement & sand are manually fed into a pan mixer where water added in the required proportion for intimate mixing.The proportion of the raw material is generally in the ratio 60-80% of fly Ash,20-25% sand and 8-10% cement,or 60-80% of fly ash 10-20% lime,10% gypsum and 10% sand,depending upon the quality of raw materials.

After mixing, the mixture is shifted to the hydraulic/mechanical presses.The bricks are carried on wooden pellets to the open area where they are dried and water cured for 21 days .The bricks are tested and sorted before dispatch.

TYPES OF BRICKS MASONRY Bricks Masonry

Brick work in mud Brick work in cement

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BRICK WORK IN MUDThe mud is used to fill up the joints.Thickness of the mortar joint is 12 mm.CheapestMaximum height of wall is 4 m.

BRICK WORK IN CEMENT 1st ClassCement of lime mortar is used.The surface and edges of bricks are sharp.The thickness of mortar joints doesnt exceed 10mm2nd ClassGround moulded bricks are used.Bricks are rough and shape is slightly irregular.The thickness of mortar joint is 12 mm. 3rd ClassBricks are not hard ,rough surface with distorted shape.Used for temporary structures.Used in places where rainfall is not heavy.

SIZES OF BRICKNominal size :-A standard metric brick has coordinating dimensions of 225 x 112.5 x 75 mm (9 x 4.5 x 3) Architectural size :- Working dimensions (actual dimensions)of 215 x 102.5 x 65 mm (8.5 x 4 x 2.5)

MASONRY JOINTWeathered joint :-Mortar joint has sloped (downwards) edge.Concave joint :-Joint concave inwards.Vee joint :-Mortar joint is the form of V.Flush joint :-Mortar joint is flush with the brick surface.Raked joint :-A large portion of the mortar joint is raked out not a safe ,impermeable joint.Stripped joint :- A medium large portion of the mortar joint is a safe permeable joint.Struck joint :-Mortar joint has aslope (upwards) edge.

13Size1/4 TO 1/2, TYPICALLY - 3/8

Joint ToolingUSE A TOOLCOMPACT MORTARIMPROVE RESISTANT TO H2O WINDVISUAL APPEARANCE

Joint Profiles

TOOLS USED IN BRICK MASONRYTrowelPlumb bobHammerSpirit levelMason squareSteel tape

BRICK COURSES & CLOSURESQUEEN CLOSURE: A brick cut in half down its length.KING CLOSURE : A brick cut a corner & joining middle points of width and length of the brick.THREE QUARTER BAT : A brick cut to three-quarters of its length, and laid with its long, narrow side exposed.HALF BAT: A brick cut in half across its width and laid in the wall structure.QUARTER BAT: A brick cut to a quarter of its length.

ORIENTATION OF BRICKSSTRETCHER: A brick laid with its long narrow side exposed.HEADER: A brick laid flat with its width at the face of the wall.SOLDIER: A brick laid vertically with the long narrow side of the brick exposed.SAILOR: A brick laid vertically with the broad face of the brick exposed.

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RULES FOR GOOD BRICK BONDINGUniform in size.Bricks arranged uniformly throughout the wall.Bats are used as little as possible.The bricks in the interiors of wall laid as headers, that is, across the wall.The lap not more than 2 and one-fourth(1/4) inches.The vertical joints in every other course should be vertically over one another.

BONDS IN BRICK-WORKEnglish bond.Flemish bond.Header bond.Stretcher bond.Facing bond.English cross bond.Brick on edge bond.Dutch bond.Raking bond.Garden wall bond

FLEMISH-BONDThis bond has one stretcher between headers, with the headers centered over the stretchers in the course below.When a course begins with a stretcher, the course will ordinarily terminate with a stretcher at the other end.Brickwork that appears as Flemish bond from both the front and rear is Double Flemish bond.

ENGLISH BONDBricks are laid in alternate courses of headers and stretchers.There is a chance of penetration of damp through transverse joints.Queen closures are inserted next to headers to produce overlap.English bonds are the strongest but it is to be noted that the continuous vertical joints are to be avoided.Appearance is not as good as Flemish bonds.

SUSSEX BONDThis bond has three stretchers between every header.the headers are centered above the midpoint of three stretchers in the course below.Generally used as garden walls and are relatively cheaper than other bonds.

GARDEN-WALL BOND Used for 9 inch wall. Used when a fair face is required on both sides. Wall is composed of three or four courses of stretchers alternating with one of headers. It is mostly used in construction of garden wall.

HEADER BOND Heading or Header Bond is laid on headers. Used for round quick sweeps . Should never be used in straight work as it is very week. This bond is used for facing of curved surface and footings in foundations.

STRETCHER BOND Bricks are laid in stretchers. Used in walls of half brick in thickness. Due to its constant occurrence in the last position it is also called Chimney Bond, Running Bond. This bond doesnt develop proper internal bond.

QUALITIES OF GOOD BRICKSBricks should be uniform in shape & standard in size.Bricks should give a clear metallic ringing sound when struck with each other.Bricks should show a bright homogeneous & free from voids.Bricks should be well brunt and possess sharp edges.Colour of the bricks should be uniform and bright.Bricks should be sufficiently hard & no impression should be left on bricks surface when scratched with finger nail.Bricks should have crushing strength above 5.50N/mm.The bricks should not break when it dropped from a height of about 1 m.The bricks should not absorb water more than 20% by weight when soaked in cold water for 24 hrs.The bricks should not show any deposits of white salts when allowed to dry in shade.

CLASSIFICATION OF BRICKS FIRST CLASS BRICKS :-This are table moulded.Surface & edges are sharp, square ,smooth , straight.Well brunt & have uniform texture ,metallic ringing when struck against each other.Used for superior work. SECOND CLASS BRICKS :-This are ground moulded brick.Surface are rough.The quality of this bricks are inferior. THIRD CLASS BRICKS :-The surface & edges are rough.Does not create any metallic sound.Used for temporary & unimportant structure.FOURTH CLASS BRICKS :-This bricks are over brunt.Irregular shape & dark colour.Used in floor , foundation, roads.

TESTS FOR BRICKSAbsorption:- The brick should not absorb water more than 20% of dry weight.Crushing strength:- As per BIS 1077-1957 the minimum crushing strength of bricks is 3.5 N/mm2Hardness :- Brick is treated to be sufficient hard if no impression could be made on the surface of the brick by finger nail.Soundness :- Two bricks when struck with each other should emit metallic ringing sound.Structure :- It should be homogeneous ,compact ,and free from any defects.Shape & size :- Standard size (190 X 90 X 90 mm) and shapes should be truly rectangular with sharp edges and smooth surface.

DEFECTS IN BRICK MASONRYSulphate attack :- Sulphate salts present in bricks work react with alumina content of cement .It occur in boundary walls.Crystallization of salts from bricks :- Occur in masonry made out of brick which contain excessive soluble salts.This phenomenon is also known as efflorescence.Corrosion of embedded iron or steel :- Iron or steel embedded in brick work gets corroded in the presence of dampness .On corrosion the metal expands in volume and tends to crack the brick work.

CONCLUSIONMasonry boasts an impressive compressive strength (vertical loads) but is much lower in tensile strength unless reinforced.Brick masonry increases the thermal mass of a building and thereby resists fire.Masonry tends to be heavy and must be built upon a strong foundation, such as reinforced concrete, to avoid settling and cracking.

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