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PPE: Clothing/Ensembles

Instructional Goal:Instructional Goal:

The participant will recognize the The participant will recognize the purpose of personal protective purpose of personal protective equipment and personal equipment and personal protective clothing.protective clothing.

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PPE: Clothing/Ensembles

Shield or isolate individuals from Shield or isolate individuals from waste site hazardswaste site hazards

Careful selection and use of Careful selection and use of adequate PPEadequate PPE

No single combination of No single combination of equipment and clothing is capable equipment and clothing is capable of protecting against all hazardsof protecting against all hazards

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Developing a PPE Program

Hazard identificationHazard identification

Medical monitoringMedical monitoring

Environmental surveillanceEnvironmental surveillance

Selection, use, maintenance, Selection, use, maintenance, and decontamination of PPEand decontamination of PPE

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Developing a PPE Program

TrainingTraining

Program review and Program review and evaluationevaluation

Protective clothingProtective clothing

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Selection of Chemical Protective Clothing

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Permeation and Degradation

PermeationPermeation

DegradationDegradation

PenetrationPenetration

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Permeation Rate

Clothing materialClothing material Manufacturing methodManufacturing method Concentration of hazardous materialConcentration of hazardous material Temperature, pressure and Temperature, pressure and

humidityhumidity Solubility of the chemical through Solubility of the chemical through

the clothing materialthe clothing material

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Heat Transfer Characteristics

““clo” value is thermal insulation value clo” value is thermal insulation value of the material of the material

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Work Mission Duration

Air supply consumptionAir supply consumptionwork ratework ratefitnessfitnessbody size body size breathing patternsbreathing patterns

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Work Mission Duration

Ambient temperature - hot and Ambient temperature - hot and cold temperatures affectcold temperatures affect

valve operationvalve operation durability and flexibility of suit materialsdurability and flexibility of suit materials integrity of suit fastenersintegrity of suit fasteners permeation rate of chemicalspermeation rate of chemicals concentration of airborne contaminantsconcentration of airborne contaminants

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Work Mission Duration

Permeation and penetration by Permeation and penetration by chemical contaminants into the chemical contaminants into the material of a Suit/Ensemble material of a Suit/Ensemble

Coolant supplyCoolant supply

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Selection SummaryDurabilityDurability

Will the material resist tears, puncture and abrasions?Will the material resist tears, puncture and abrasions? Will the material withstand repeated use after

contamination/decontamination?

FlexibilityFlexibility Will the CPC interfere with a worker's ability to perform

his or her assigned tasks? (This is particularly important to consider for gloves.)

Temperature effectsTemperature effects Will the material maintain its protective integrity and

flexibility under the extremes of heat and cold?

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Selection SummaryEase of decontaminationEase of decontamination

Are decontamination procedures available on site? Will the material pose any decontamination problems? Should disposable clothing be used?

Compatibility with other equipmentCompatibility with other equipment Does the clothing prevent the use of another, necessary

piece of protective equipment (e.g., suits that preclude hardhat use in a hardhat area)?

Duration of useDuration of use Can the required task be accomplished before contaminant

breakthrough occurs, or before degradation of the CPC becomes significant?

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Special Conditions

firefireexplosionexplosion

radiationradiation

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Personal Protective Equipment

Levels of ProtectionLevel A - - Maximum skin and respiratory Maximum skin and respiratory

protection protection

Level B - - Maximum respiratory with some skin Maximum respiratory with some skin protection protection

Level C - - Limited level of respiratory protection Limited level of respiratory protection and skin protection from airborne and skin protection from airborne

hazards hazards

Level D - - No respiratory protection and limited No respiratory protection and limited skin protection from airborne hazards skin protection from airborne hazards

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Level ALevel Afully-encapsulatingfully-encapsulatingmaximum skin and maximum skin and

respiratory protectionrespiratory protection

Personal Protective Equipment

Levels of Protection

NOTE: recommended for site entries if operations involve high potential for slash or for exposure to vapors, gases or particles that have high degree of hazard to the skin.

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Level BLevel Bmaximum respiratory protectionmaximum respiratory protectionsome skin protectionsome skin protection

Personal Protective Equipment

Levels of Protection

NOTE: This is the minimum level recommended for initial site entries until the hazards have been further identified.

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Level CLevel Climited level of respiratory protectionlimited level of respiratory protectionskin protection from airborne hazardsskin protection from airborne hazards

Personal Protective Equipment

Levels of Protection

NOTE: can be used only when all atmospheric contaminants have been identified and their concentrations measured and when it has been determined that the air-purifying respirator can remove the contaminants.

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Level DLevel Dno respiratory protectionno respiratory protectionlimited skin protection from limited skin protection from

airborne hazardsairborne hazards

Personal Protective Equipment

Levels of Protection

NOTE:can be used only when all atmospheric contaminants have been identified and concentrations measured, and when it has been determined that there is no hazard to the respiratory system or to the skin.

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Reasons to Upgrade PPE

Dermal Hazard?Dermal Hazard?

Gas or Vapor Emission?Gas or Vapor Emission?

Increase in contact or potential Increase in contact or potential contact?contact?

At request of individualAt request of individual

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Reasons to Downgrade PPE

New information - situation less New information - situation less hazardous than originally thoughthazardous than originally thought

Change in conditions that Change in conditions that decreases hazarddecreases hazard

Change in work task that reduces Change in work task that reduces contact with hazardous materialcontact with hazardous material

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PPE Inspection Program

inspection and operational inspection and operational testing of equipment from testing of equipment from factoryfactory

inspection of equipment as it inspection of equipment as it is issued to workersis issued to workers

inspection after use or inspection after use or training or prior to training or prior to maintenancemaintenance

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PPE Inspection Program

periodic inspection of periodic inspection of stored equipmentstored equipment

periodic inspection periodic inspection when a question arises when a question arises concerning the concerning the appropriateness of appropriateness of selected equipmentselected equipment

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Other PPE ConsiderationsMaintenance and StorageMaintenance and StorageDonning an ensembleDonning an ensemble In-Use MonitoringIn-Use MonitoringDoffingDoffingClothing reuseClothing reuse

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Heat Stress

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Prevention

Daily fluid intake must approximately Daily fluid intake must approximately equal the amount of water lost in sweatequal the amount of water lost in sweat

When heavy sweating occurs, encourage When heavy sweating occurs, encourage the worker to drink more the worker to drink more

Maintain water temperature at 50 Maintain water temperature at 50 degrees to 60 degrees Fdegrees to 60 degrees F

Provide small disposable cups that hold Provide small disposable cups that hold about 4 ounces (0.1 liter)about 4 ounces (0.1 liter)

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Monitoring

heart rateheart rate

oral temperatureoral temperature

body water loss (weight change)body water loss (weight change)

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Temperature

Normal

Sweating

Muscle slow down

Loss of ability forself help

Possible Death108

104

106

101

98.6

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Heat Rash - tiny raised blister-like rashHeat Rash - tiny raised blister-like rash keep area dry and coolkeep area dry and cool

Heat CrampsHeat Cramps - - muscular pain and spasmsmuscular pain and spasms replacement of salt through liquidsreplacement of salt through liquids

Heat Exhaustion - headache, nausea, dizziness, Heat Exhaustion - headache, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, and heavy sweatingvomiting, and heavy sweating

move to cooler environment and elevate feet move to cooler environment and elevate feet Heat Stroke - very small pupils, confusion, Heat Stroke - very small pupils, confusion,

unconsciousness and very high body temperatureunconsciousness and very high body temperature summon medical help immediatelysummon medical help immediately

Symptoms and Treatment