pp_ch11f.ppt

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Removable MediaChapter 11


Overview

• In this chapter, you will learn to

– Explain and install floppy disk drives

– Demonstrate the variations among flash drives and other tiny drives

– Identify and install optical-media technology

– Troubleshoot removable-media drives


What Is Removable Media?

• Floppy drives– Traditional floppy

• Flash drives– USB thumb drives to flash memory

• Optical media– CD-ROMs to DVDs

• External drives– Any drive that connects via an external cable


Floppy Drive Basics


Floppy Drives

• Floppy disk inserts into floppy drive

• Lit LED indicates data is being read or written to disk

3½-inch 1.44 MBdisappearing

5¼-inchlegacy


Installing Floppy Drives

Essentials

CompTIA A+Essentials



• Floppy drives designated A: or B:

• Floppy drives connect to the computer via a 34-pin ribbon cable

• Cables supporting two floppy drives use a seven-wire twist


Inserting Ribbon Cables

• Connect Pin 1 on cable to Pin 1 on motherboard

• Pin 1 on cable has red stripe• Many connectors are notched



• Power– 3½-inch use mini-connector

• CMOS– Usually configured to use 3½ inch, 1.44 MB– Can disable Boot Up Floppy Seek– Can change boot order to boot off floppy


Flash Memory


Flash Memory

• Same type of memory used in CMOS

• Two different families

1. USB thumb drives

2. Memory cards


USB Thumb Drives

• Commonly used as replacement for floppy disks to transport data

• AKA jump drive or flash drive

• Hot-swappable

• Cross-platform compatibility

• Can create bootable thumb drives


Memory or Flash Cards

• Compact Flash (CF)– Use simplified PCMCIA bus– Two sizes: CF I and CF II– Some are actually micro hard

drives with platters and heads

• SmartMedia– Was competitor to CF– Replaced by Secure Digital



• Secure Digital– Most common today– Size of postage stamp– SD and SDIO versions– Mini and micro forms available– Popular in cell phones

• Memory Stick– Sony proprietary format– Used in Sony devices that

use flash memory



• xD Picture Card– Developed by Olympus (proprietary)– Used almost exclusively in Olympus

and Fujifilm digital cameras– Version available in USB housing

• Card Readers– Allow reading the different types of memory cards– Available separately– Often installed in PC


Optical Drives


CD-Media

• Includes CD- and DVD-media

• Generically called optical discs

• Drives called optical drives

• Includes– CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD+RW, HD-DVD


How CDs Work

• Stores data in microscopic pits– Burned in with power laser on glass master– Copies made on plastic copies– Covered with reflective metallic covering

– Data on top under label– Written in “pits” and “lands”

– Standard CD holdsabout 650 MB


CD Formats

• CD-Digital Audio (CDDA)– Music CDs

• CD-ROM– Added file support and

directory structure for PCs– Many different types

• ISO-9660 defines CD File System (CDFS)


CD Formats

• IUSO-9660 Extensions– Joliet

Microsoft’s extensionSupported by Mac and Linux

– Rock RidgeOpen standard for UNIX

– El ToritoEnabled bootable CDs

– Apple ExtensionsProprietaryCan’t be read by Windows


CD-ROM Speeds

• First CD-ROM had speed of 150 KBps

• All others multiples of 150 KBps

1X 150 KBps 10X 1500 KBps 40X 6000 KBps





8X 1200 KBps 36X 5400 KBps


CD-R (CD-Recordable)

• Gave users ability to record or burn CDs

• CD-Rs come in two sizes– 74-minute 650 MB – 80-minute 700 MB– Most CD-R burners now support 80-minute CDs

• Single-session and multi-session– Single-session data can be added only once– Multi-session allows data to be added multiple times

(all modern CD-Rs are multi-session)– Two speeds: read speed and write speed (8x/24x)


CD-RW (CD-Rewritable)

• CD-R drives have been replaced by CD-RW (CD-Rewritable) drives

– CD-R discs sill around (cheaper)– CD-R can be written to only once– CD-RW disks allow data to be written and

overwritten



• CD Rewritable (CD-RW) works by – Using a laser to heat an amorphous (non-

crystalline) substance– When cooled slowly becomes crystalline– The crystalline areas are reflective – The amorphous areas are not

• The MultiRead method allows regular CD-ROM drives to read CD-RW discs



• Most CD-RW drives today utilize a function called packet writing

• Uses special format called the Universal Data Format (UDF) – Replacement for ISO-9660– All movie DVDs use this

• Packet writing and UDF give drag-and-drop capabilities to CD-RW drives

• CD-RW drive specs have three multiplier values: write, rewrite, read (8x4x32)


Windows and CD-media

• All optical drives ATAPI-compliant– Means they plug into ATA controllers

• Windows XP supports drag-and-drop for burning data onto CDs– Third-party software needed

to create bootable CDs or CDs from ISO images


Music CDs

• Different format—Music CD-R

– Can record to a Music CD-R or CD-RW– Can not record from one– Designed to restrict duplication of copyrighted

music


Digital Video Discs (DVD)

• Developed by a consortium of electronics and entertainment firms– Released as digital video discs (DVD) in 1995 – DVD uses smaller pits than CD-media and packs them

more densely, creating much higher data capacities– Both single-sided (SS) and dual-sided (DS) formats– Single-layer (SL) and dual-layer (DL) formats

DVD Version Capacity

DVD-5 (SS/SL) 4.37 GB (> 2 hours of video)

DVD-9 (SS/DL) 7.95 GB (@ 4 hours of video)

DVD-10 (DS/SL) 8.74 GB (@ 4.5 hours of video)

DVD-18 (DS/DL) 15.9 GB (> 8 hours of video)


DVD-Video

• DVD-Video can store two hours of video on one side

– Supports TV-style 4:3 aspect ratio screens as well as 16:9 theatre screens

• Some producers distribute both on opposite sides of the DVD

– Uses MPEG-2 video and audio compression standard

• Up to 1280x720 at 60 frames per second with CD-quality audio


DVD-ROM & Recordable DVD

• DVD-ROM– Similar to CD-ROM

data format

– Can store up to 16 GB of data

– Support DVD-video and most CD-ROM formats

• Recordable DVD– DVD-R and DVD+R

• May write to them like CD-R• Cannot erase

– DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM

• Written and rewritten like CD-RW

– Combo drives can do all of these - look for DVD Multi on the label

– Not all players read all formats


Installing Optical Drives

• Most look the same from a distance

– Most also install the same way

– Most use PATA or SATA & support ATAPI

– Typically set up as slavewhen using PATA

– Some are SCSI or USB


Installing Optical Drives

• Does Windows recognize the CD-ROM?– Check Device Manager

• To disable Autoplayon XP, use Group Policy


Applications

• CD-ROM drive installation does not require applications

• CD-R and CD-RW require applications for burning capabilities

– Nero Burning ROM

– Roxio’s Easy Media Creator

– CDBurnerXP Pro


ISO Files

• Complete copy of CD or DVD

• Can download ISO image and burn to CD– Provides fully functional CD

• Commonly used to share copies of bootable CDs


Troubleshooting Removable Media

CompTIA A+Technician

IT Technician


Floppy Drive Maintenance

• Floppy drives frequently fail– Exposure to outside environment and mechanical

damage are common causes

• Floppy drive cleaning kits can be used to clean drives– Can also use cotton swab with denatured alcohol


Repairing Floppy Drives

1. Check for a bad floppy disk2. Check for data errors on the disk3. Check the CMOS settings4. Blame the floppy controller5. Check the cable6. Replace the floppy drive


Troubleshooting

• Connectivity problems – Occur if the power connector is not plugged in,

cables are inserted incorrectly, or the jumpers have been misconfigured

• CDs may be dirty– Don’t believe someone who says

CDs can be cleaned in dishwasher


Troubleshooting

• Most modern CD-media drives have a built-in cleaning mechanism

• CD-media discs can be easily cleaned using a damp cloth or mild detergent

• Problems such as stuck discs can be resolved with paper clip– Find the small hole on the front of the CD drive– Insert a small wire (paper clip) in the hole to

manually eject the CD-media from the drive


Burning Issues

• Know what it can do– Check out technical documentation before making

a purchase– Type review and the model number in a search

engine to get other opinions

• Media issues– Media quality is based on speed and inks

• Check for a manufacturer guarantee on speed


Buffer Underrun

• Most often occurs when copying from CD-ROM to CD-R or CD-RW

– Inability of the source device to keep the burner loaded with data

– Make sure your CD-RW drive has 2 MB or larger buffer

– Create an image file—one big file on the hard drive first because any hard drive can keep up with a CD burner


Firmware Updates

• Most drives come with an upgradeable Flash ROM chip

• Check the manufacturer’s Web site for updates


Beyond A+

• Color books– Different specifications identified by colors– Red, yellow, green, orange, white, blue

• High-Definition Optical Drives– HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc– Higher capabilities in size and time– Higher capabilities in resolution

pp_ch11f.ppt

Documents

floppy disk drives

floppy drives power

cdr cdrecordable

tiny drives

removablemedia drives

cd anddvd

cds cdrs

cheaper cdr