pp new guinea to cost rica - university of minnesota...

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PP New Guinea to Cost Rica -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\ppNewGuinea_to_CostaRica.log opened on: 25 Jul 2006, 22:18:24 . . *Dropping Papua NewGuinea . drop if ccode==336040 (10 observations deleted) . . *Descriptive stats after dropping . tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op > en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta > t) variable | N mean sd p50 min max -------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 483656.2 1561523 7348 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33220.22 117082.5 2790 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6824 16.83079 102.9662 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.105 10901.71 16.2185 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6709.478 4136.27 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13474.57 3371.036 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7052079 .3887034 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1 gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052404 .1808766 1.01867 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050 --------------------------------------------------------------------------

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PP New Guinea to Cost Rica--------------------------------------------------------------------------------log: K:\ppNewGuinea_to_CostaRica.logopened on: 25 Jul 2006, 22:18:24

.

. *Dropping Papua NewGuinea

. drop if ccode==336040(10 observations deleted)

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 483656.2 1561523 7348 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33220.22 117082.5 2790 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6824 16.83079 102.9662 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.105 10901.71 16.2185 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6709.478 4136.27 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13474.57 3371.036 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7052079 .3887034 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052404 .1808766 1.01867 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 396278.6 1597487 2944.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14619.04 27152.33 1403.5 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8074 17.17743 101.7714 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.978 11681.74 22.9426 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7131.386 4108.521 6927 1293 39620 dist | 870 13320.66 3235.457 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.2344 241.8991 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7121717 .4101633 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3793103 .4854945 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.043951 .1857316 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 10105.27Log likelihood = -543.2431 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .332363 .030772 10.80 0.000 .272051 .3926751 lgdp | 1.210974 .0312091 38.80 0.000 1.149806 1.272143 lgdpau | .2685388 .6056306 0.44 0.657 -.9184753 1.455553lgdpdfrati~w | -.8785036 .2457407 -3.57 0.000 -1.360147 -.3968606 lpopau | -3.008327 2.090729 -1.44 0.150 -7.106081 1.089427 lpop | .0173689 .0432173 0.40 0.688 -.0673355 .1020733 lxrate1 | -.1138641 .01666 -6.83 0.000 -.146517 -.0812112 lremote | -.4167847 .0757698 -5.50 0.000 -.5652909 -.2682786 ldist | -1.858747 .1573668 -11.81 0.000 -2.16718 -1.550314 lopen | .2716073 .055753 4.87 0.000 .1623335 .380881 english | .9193706 .1066363 8.62 0.000 .7103673 1.128374 white | 4.491706 .4736836 9.48 0.000 3.563303 5.420108 lwhitemg | -.42165 .0413402 -10.20 0.000 -.5026754 -.3406246 _cons | 42.19934 19.2385 2.19 0.028 4.49256 79.90611------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000947 lgdp | -.000268 .000974 lgdpau | -.000872 .001284 .366788lgdpdfrati~w | -.000887 .000116 -.008321 .060389 lpopau | .002109 -.008166 -1.24329 .047789 4.37115 lpop | -.000225 -.000696 .000185 .000232 -.000335 .001868 lxrate1 | .00008 .000152 .000363 .000219 -.002315 -.000102 .000278 lremote | .00052 .000378 -.000294 -.002119 -.005319 -.000243 .000098 ldist | .001555 .000853 -.000216 -.002273 -.010614 -.000081 .001505 lopen | -.000214 .000741 .002402 .000697 -.017126 .000297 .000131 english | -.001051 .001765 .003336 .002897 -.012904 -.000458 .000606 white | .003474 .001423 .005019 -.009972 -.0271 .003828 .001174 lwhitemg | -.000461 -.000111 -.000367 .000964 .002409 -.000231 -.000114 _cons | -.028063 .079128 10.9876 -.599358 -39.6239 -.008053 .00999

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005741 ldist | .007936 .024764 lopen | .001364 .000656 .003108 english | -.002908 -.000713 .000211 .011371 white | -.00472 .00957 -.003129 .028301 .224376 lwhitemg | .000439 -.000976 .00023 -.002337 -.019255 .001709 _cons | -.033359 -.153506 .183141 .121313 .126071 -.013429 370.12

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 50861.88Log likelihood = -973.082 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .050418 .0138159 3.65 0.000 .0233393 .0774968 lgdp | 1.615181 .0545488 29.61 0.000 1.508267 1.722094 lgdpau | .8683432 .3554693 2.44 0.015 .1716362 1.56505lgdpdfrati~w | -.4400403 .1488589 -2.96 0.003 -.7317984 -.1482822 lpopau | -6.593988 1.200564 -5.49 0.000 -8.94705 -4.240925 lpop | -.2757895 .0891452 -3.09 0.002 -.4505109 -.101068 lxrate1 | -.1113381 .0201377 -5.53 0.000 -.1508074 -.0718689 lremote | -.9392083 .0959667 -9.79 0.000 -1.1273 -.7511171 ldist | -2.341623 .2214276 -10.58 0.000 -2.775613 -1.907632 lopen | -.0583059 .0264126 -2.21 0.027 -.1100738 -.0065381 english | 1.097711 .0907989 12.09 0.000 .9197483 1.275673 white | 4.618558 .8588641 5.38 0.000 2.935215 6.301901 lwhitemg | -.4553256 .0828956 -5.49 0.000 -.617798 -.2928532 _cons | 89.42668 11.24917 7.95 0.000 67.37871 111.4747------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000191 lgdp | -.000327 .002976 lgdpau | -.001279 .001585 .126358lgdpdfrati~w | -.000546 -.000314 -.011709 .022159 lpopau | .005004 -.006642 -.416659 .024332 1.44135 lpop | .000248 -.004337 -.00132 .001413 .001547 .007947 lxrate1 | -.000031 .000247 -.000089 .000403 -.00301 -.000227 .000406 lremote | .000402 .002201 -.005785 -.003893 .018627 -.00317 .000163 ldist | .000817 -.003791 -.007014 -.000019 .005984 .010309 .000634 lopen | .00005 -.000075 -.000939 .000929 .003344 .000258 -.000071 english | -.00042 .00021 .002856 .002473 -.021289 .00119 .001104 white | .001802 -.019432 -.009078 .006807 .017591 .032722 -.000123 lwhitemg | -.000135 .001412 .000485 -.000632 -.000936 -.002452 .000069 _cons | -.057631 .088185 3.71664 -.097343 -13.1133 -.090911 .041107

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .00921 ldist | .001484 .04903 lopen | .000483 .000526 .000698 english | -.00203 .007552 -.000353 .008244 white | -.014375 .044254 .001691 .006839 .737648 lwhitemg | .001418 -.003534 -.000153 -.000476 -.070207 .006872 _cons | -.249117 -.482069 -.043138 .195237 -.444683 .032057 126.544

.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7682.50Log likelihood = -933.6543 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1058669 .0230903 4.58 0.000 .0606108 .151123 lgdp | 1.748878 .071531 24.45 0.000 1.60868 1.889076 lgdpau | .1661285 .5627562 0.30 0.768 -.9368534 1.26911lgdpdfrati~w | -.4437488 .2265444 -1.96 0.050 -.8877677 .0002701 lpopau | -3.38988 1.955271 -1.73 0.083 -7.22214 .4423798 lpop | -.6126063 .0841609 -7.28 0.000 -.7775586 -.4476541 lxrate1 | -.1542028 .0277787 -5.55 0.000 -.2086481 -.0997575 lremote | -.3987993 .1301175 -3.06 0.002 -.6538249 -.1437737 ldist | -3.945393 .3749874 -10.52 0.000 -4.680354 -3.210431 lopen | .0731005 .0440618 1.66 0.097 -.0132591 .15946 english | 1.122571 .1471531 7.63 0.000 .8341564 1.410986 white | 8.662912 1.736552 4.99 0.000 5.259333 12.06649 lwhitemg | -.7310806 .1741958 -4.20 0.000 -1.072498 -.3896631 _cons | 67.41675 18.66445 3.61 0.000 30.8351 103.9984------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000533 lgdp | -.000836 .005117 lgdpau | -.001691 .00324 .316695lgdpdfrati~w | -.000904 .002674 -.020109 .051322 lpopau | .00476 -.018291 -1.06501 .065859 3.82308 lpop | .000595 -.00439 -.001159 -.002461 .003 .007083 lxrate1 | .000024 .00055 -.000117 .001119 -.005347 -.000788 .000772 lremote | -.000059 -.0003 -.007182 -.001023 .021371 -.001206 .00014 ldist | .002425 .008482 -.012768 -.001227 -.011597 -.001136 .001598 lopen | .000098 -.000638 .000092 .002085 -.000431 .001134 -.000206 english | -.000952 .002487 .005813 .001258 -.043178 .002629 .001902 white | .001373 -.030629 .007649 -.006119 -.026026 .027121 .003346 lwhitemg | -.000139 .001567 -.00179 .000027 .00856 -.001774 -.000391 _cons | -.049206 .095368 9.5187 -.615644 -35.2852 -.009841 .070984

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016931

ldist | .009833 .140616 lopen | .000515 -.000891 .001941 english | -.004839 .006204 -.001421 .021654 white | .008463 -.154485 .003296 .020964 3.01561 lwhitemg | .001192 .011749 -.000197 -.002724 -.295845 .030344 _cons | -.38345 -1.09059 .00465 .441051 1.86251 -.222559 348.362

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2353.37Log likelihood = -1103.119 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0913965 .0408684 2.24 0.025 .0112959 .1714971 lgdp | .9341481 .0788779 11.84 0.000 .7795503 1.088746 lgdpau | -.5651499 .8295644 -0.68 0.496 -2.191066 1.060766lgdpdfrati~w | -.4789612 .3461209 -1.38 0.166 -1.157346 .1994234 lpopau | .4775954 2.842235 0.17 0.867 -5.093082 6.048273 lpop | .066682 .0975826 0.68 0.494 -.1245763 .2579404 lxrate1 | -.1269064 .0331859 -3.82 0.000 -.1919496 -.0618631 lremote | .5779517 .2278834 2.54 0.011 .1313084 1.024595 ldist | -1.234323 .3436005 -3.59 0.000 -1.907767 -.560878 lopen | .3297413 .0785356 4.20 0.000 .1758144 .4836681 english | 1.614619 .2337182 6.91 0.000 1.15654 2.072698 white | 1.243324 2.158429 0.58 0.565 -2.987119 5.473767 lwhitemg | .2293212 .1890068 1.21 0.225 -.1411252 .5997677 _cons | -5.643094 27.02339 -0.21 0.835 -58.60796 47.32177------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00167 lgdp | -.001576 .006222 lgdpau | -.001631 .001309 .688177lgdpdfrati~w | -.000418 .002011 -.012835 .1198 lpopau | .002821 -.008829 -2.30387 .040489 8.0783 lpop | .000361 -.005572 -.000364 -.001639 .000267 .009522 lxrate1 | .000114 .000866 .000454 .002183 -.007398 -.001119 .001101 lremote | .001309 .00014 -.027413 -.014358 .0845 .001216 -.000717 ldist | .004204 -.008103 -.020453 -.006543 .063197 .012828 .000021 lopen | .000284 -.001131 .00445 .001962 -.025418 .002843 -.000194 english | -.003434 .001141 .008813 .006341 -.017201 -.001443 .001576 white | .003771 -.02202 .106445 .006557 -.419509 .017126 .000701 lwhitemg | -.000522 .000732 -.011102 -.001984 .044907 .000159 -.00019 _cons | -.032521 .140586 20.597 -.292229 -74.8045 -.149501 .108393

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .051931 ldist | .020129 .118061 lopen | .001835 -.001592 .006168 english | -.0135 .012752 -.002073 .054624 white | .040801 -.02768 .007126 .034858 4.65882 lwhitemg | -.000796 .006946 -.000459 -.002317 -.397248 .035724 _cons | -1.33808 -1.85844 .286655 .037813 4.26588 -.528159 730.263

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 29989.35Log likelihood = -904.8284 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0246655 .0135697 1.82 0.069 -.0019305 .0512616 lgdp | 1.468779 .0513612 28.60 0.000 1.368113 1.569445 lgdpau | .6464982 .3566745 1.81 0.070 -.052571 1.345567lgdpdfrati~w | -.2503904 .1418259 -1.77 0.077 -.5283639 .0275832 lpopau | -6.727145 1.208325 -5.57 0.000 -9.095418 -4.358871 lpop | .0309891 .0830431 0.37 0.709 -.1317723 .1937504 lxrate1 | -.0484969 .0189684 -2.56 0.011 -.0856744 -.0113195 lremote | -.6608522 .1487402 -4.44 0.000 -.9523776 -.3693268 ldist | -2.241336 .2193624 -10.22 0.000 -2.671278 -1.811393 lopen | -.043354 .0271251 -1.60 0.110 -.0965182 .0098102 english | 1.145364 .1144726 10.01 0.000 .9210015 1.369726 white | 4.291855 .7479632 5.74 0.000 2.825874 5.757836 lwhitemg | -.3157643 .0694528 -4.55 0.000 -.4518893 -.1796393 _cons | 92.29052 11.50381 8.02 0.000 69.74346 114.8376------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000184 lgdp | -.000192 .002638 lgdpau | -.000937 .001655 .127217lgdpdfrati~w | -.000364 .000817 -.00867 .020115 lpopau | .003547 -.007468 -.421751 .013915 1.46005 lpop | .000093 -.003849 -.00118 -.000205 .00307 .006896 lxrate1 | -3.7e-06 .000276 -.000085 .000527 -.00275 -.000306 .00036 lremote | -.000052 -.000591 -.011732 -.00569 .043516 .000045 -.000264 ldist | .000592 -.002012 -.005707 .000345 .003337 .005892 .000839 lopen | .000019 -.0001 -.000897 .000768 .003445 .000262 -.000076 english | -.000318 -.000146 .003225 .00284 -.01909 .000518 .000934 white | .000443 -.013801 -.01286 -.002266 .026526 .022084 .001657 lwhitemg | -.000088 .000622 .000039 -.000371 .002018 -.001169 -.000212 _cons | -.037058 .105412 3.81067 .009167 -13.4742 -.097447 .038948

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .022124 ldist | .001599 .04812 lopen | .00112 .000046 .000736 english | -.004122 .007081 -.000445 .013104 white | .013866 -.001479 .001114 .005707 .559449 lwhitemg | .001097 .000927 2.1e-06 -.000468 -.04906 .004824 _cons | -.604909 -.437823 -.046114 .188989 -.250051 -.047699 132.338

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8241.93

Log likelihood = -960.306 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1616191 .0281296 5.75 0.000 .1064861 .2167521 lgdp | 1.684232 .0703739 23.93 0.000 1.546302 1.822163 lgdpau | -.0724624 .5902722 -0.12 0.902 -1.229375 1.08445lgdpdfrati~w | -.2716507 .2486491 -1.09 0.275 -.758994 .2156925 lpopau | -1.675409 2.056915 -0.81 0.415 -5.706889 2.35607 lpop | -.5520701 .0826447 -6.68 0.000 -.7140507 -.3900896 lxrate1 | -.1401382 .0282939 -4.95 0.000 -.1955931 -.0846832 lremote | -.3399858 .1244918 -2.73 0.006 -.5839853 -.0959864 ldist | -3.333385 .3636846 -9.17 0.000 -4.046193 -2.620576 lopen | .1005829 .0474686 2.12 0.034 .0075461 .1936196 english | 1.066197 .1465999 7.27 0.000 .7788666 1.353527 white | 9.040632 1.731263 5.22 0.000 5.647418 12.43385 lwhitemg | -.782771 .1738568 -4.50 0.000 -1.123524 -.442018 _cons | 38.78617 19.60449 1.98 0.048 .3620783 77.21026------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000791 lgdp | -.001143 .004952 lgdpau | -.00181 .003246 .348421lgdpdfrati~w | -.001156 .002699 -.022133 .061826 lpopau | .005019 -.018986 -1.17507 .078063 4.2309 lpop | .000689 -.004317 -.001434 -.001757 .008149 .00683 lxrate1 | .000051 .000457 -.000161 .001241 -.005343 -.000709 .000801 lremote | -.000023 -.000277 -.005025 -.00085 .010013 -.001114 .000123 ldist | .003754 .003825 -.013488 -.002905 -.011414 .000469 .001377 lopen | .000116 -.000698 .000956 .001819 -.005177 .001317 -.000252 english | -.001408 .00276 .003487 .004066 -.022478 .001496 .002001 white | .000474 -.026788 .010174 .001305 .005217 .022697 .003897 lwhitemg | -.00006 .001475 -.001802 -.000561 .004427 -.001491 -.000425 _cons | -.059012 .154936 10.5087 -.773983 -39.1569 -.102807 .074776

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .015498 ldist | .010628 .132266 lopen | .000404 -.001043 .002253 english | -.004809 -.000764 -.001644 .021492 white | .006912 -.165028 .003474 .022523 2.99727 lwhitemg | .001183 .014063 -.000231 -.002699 -.295294 .030226 _cons | -.248404 -.925468 .062469 .234255 1.36913 -.177467 384.336

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8266.82Log likelihood = -1096.651 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0206473 .015454 1.34 0.182 -.0096421 .0509367 lgdp | 1.367498 .0484066 28.25 0.000 1.272623 1.462373 lgdpau | .5810055 .4890038 1.19 0.235 -.3774244 1.539435lgdpdfrati~w | -.0494094 .1601944 -0.31 0.758 -.3633845 .2645658 lpopau | -5.697801 1.66349 -3.43 0.001 -8.958181 -2.437421 lpop | .0399488 .0720098 0.55 0.579 -.1011877 .1810853 lxrate1 | -.0561134 .0194786 -2.88 0.004 -.0942909 -.017936 lremote | -.8104312 .1568344 -5.17 0.000 -1.117821 -.5030415 ldist | -3.311381 .240164 -13.79 0.000 -3.782094 -2.840668 lopen | .0678904 .0411822 1.65 0.099 -.0128253 .148606 english | 2.355169 .1365979 17.24 0.000 2.087442 2.622896 white | 3.591769 1.136188 3.16 0.002 1.364882 5.818657 lwhitemg | -.1456754 .0946745 -1.54 0.124 -.331234 .0398831 _cons | 89.32796 15.93934 5.60 0.000 58.08743 120.5685------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000239 lgdp | -.000398 .002343 lgdpau | -.000071 .000206 .239125lgdpdfrati~w | -.000441 .000523 .002754 .025662 lpopau | -.001279 .001302 -.794482 -.00709 2.7672 lpop | .000197 -.002689 -.000324 .000191 -.00254 .005185 lxrate1 | -.00002 .000206 .00033 .000536 -.002198 -.000381 .000379 lremote | .000162 .000453 -.016452 -.001351 .052909 -.000879 -.000218 ldist | .000619 .000047 -.010437 -.001403 .020325 .001532 .000312 lopen | .000061 -.000295 .000189 .001937 -.000367 .000695 -.000132 english | -.000731 .000406 .002195 .001474 -.009555 .002116 .001024 white | .00049 -.01313 -.002908 -.000957 -.006125 .026035 -.00007 lwhitemg | -.000025 .000704 -.001083 .000161 .004704 -.001819 .000068 _cons | .021369 -.040478 7.14784 .030142 -25.7035 .02123 .025771

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024597 ldist | .015493 .057679 lopen | .0009 .00012 .001696 english | -.004027 .003715 -.001253 .018659 white | .001678 .010444 .000771 .036881 1.29092 lwhitemg | .001676 .000806 -2.0e-07 -.003335 -.103928 .008963 _cons | -.805206 -.782735 -.012783 .050308 -.071044 -.058634 254.063

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 565.53Log likelihood = -572.7572 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3597253 .0397199 9.06 0.000 .2818757 .4375749 lgdp | .1022406 .0522259 1.96 0.050 -.0001204 .2046015 lgdpau | .503367 .3342465 1.51 0.132 -.1517441 1.158478

lgdpdfrati~w | -.5625457 .1258846 -4.47 0.000 -.809275 -.3158163 lpopau | -3.637255 1.255588 -2.90 0.004 -6.098163 -1.176347 lpop | .5255362 .0795216 6.61 0.000 .3696768 .6813955 lxrate1 | -.1138818 .0227168 -5.01 0.000 -.1584059 -.0693576 lremote | .2126537 .1468455 1.45 0.148 -.0751583 .5004657 ldist | -.7809401 .3667014 -2.13 0.033 -1.499662 -.0622185 lopen | .1169719 .0187677 6.23 0.000 .0801878 .153756 english | .6147648 .2099499 2.93 0.003 .2032706 1.026259 white | 10.19355 .73416 13.88 0.000 8.754622 11.63248 lwhitemg | -.9763415 .0728554 -13.40 0.000 -1.119135 -.8335476 _cons | 47.44672 13.13921 3.61 0.000 21.69435 73.19909------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001578 lgdp | -.000434 .002728 lgdpau | .003273 -.003331 .111721lgdpdfrati~w | -.001176 -.000736 -.003223 .015847 lpopau | -.0201 .020977 -.398198 .007928 1.5765 lpop | -.000647 -.002085 -.000392 .001013 -.0079 .006324 lxrate1 | .000074 .000099 .001441 .000794 -.007971 -.00031 .000516 lremote | .002068 .002004 -.01148 -.005386 .033578 -.002616 -.000316 ldist | .003648 -.003809 .000426 -.000519 -.066756 .013001 .00093 lopen | .000376 -.00039 .000113 -.000683 -.003456 .000185 -.000162 english | -.002101 .000525 -.002956 .003395 .005845 .005479 .000922 white | .006224 -.002928 .023094 .000659 -.154558 .007626 .003874 lwhitemg | -.000722 -.000173 -.002972 .000091 .016335 -.000207 -.000411 _cons | .206235 -.270674 3.83262 -.00478 -15.5888 -.007957 .08785

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .021564 ldist | .014313 .13447 lopen | .000419 .000964 .000352 english | -.002486 .013972 -.000897 .044079 white | .006662 -.019097 .000365 .043509 .538991 lwhitemg | -.000085 .003736 -6.9e-06 -.001794 -.050749 .005308 _cons | -.592685 -.455703 .046955 -.249447 1.94132 -.213232 172.639

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2276.38Log likelihood = -598.9586 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1778372 .03895 4.57 0.000 .1014966 .2541779 lgdp | .3973691 .0653298 6.08 0.000 .269325 .5254133 lgdpau | -.149093 .1027411 -1.45 0.147 -.3504619 .0522758lgdpdfrati~w | -.1907617 .0635827 -3.00 0.003 -.3153814 -.0661419 lpopau | 3.025677 .3906935 7.74 0.000 2.259932 3.791422 lpop | .7236855 .1029166 7.03 0.000 .5219728 .9253983 lxrate1 | -.0293041 .0121625 -2.41 0.016 -.0531422 -.005466

lremote | .1934296 .0461765 4.19 0.000 .1029253 .283934 ldist | -1.867707 .5021918 -3.72 0.000 -2.851985 -.883429 lopen | .0085659 .0408293 0.21 0.834 -.0714581 .0885899 english | 1.073118 .2861043 3.75 0.000 .5123633 1.633872 white | 25.08457 2.949259 8.51 0.000 19.30413 30.86502 lwhitemg | -2.378146 .2763913 -8.60 0.000 -2.919863 -1.836429 _cons | -45.74312 7.434194 -6.15 0.000 -60.31387 -31.17237------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001517 lgdp | -.000918 .004268 lgdpau | -.001129 -.000292 .010556lgdpdfrati~w | .000369 -.001582 .002038 .004043 lpopau | .007104 -.001297 -.035235 -.001418 .152641 lpop | -.000116 -.003019 .001245 .000699 -.005671 .010592 lxrate1 | -.000022 .000103 -.000089 .000012 .001078 -.00031 .000148 lremote | -.000399 .001701 -.001509 -.001979 .001062 -.000988 .000102 ldist | .007864 .004523 -.008298 -.002967 .046209 -.002713 -.000511 lopen | -.000358 -.000305 .000206 -.000796 -.006694 .001522 -.000288 english | -.000427 .001099 .000279 -.000135 -.002029 .001063 .000042 white | .005228 -.008152 .000755 .002908 .001476 .032424 -.000869 lwhitemg | -.000933 .000146 .000332 -.000116 -.003071 -.003082 .000101 _cons | -.146419 -.073977 .39209 .034256 -1.98273 -.001235 -.009478

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .002132 ldist | .002738 .252197 lopen | .000425 -.000481 .001667 english | .000238 .087644 -.000254 .081856 white | -.003243 .045461 .002564 .043225 8.69813 lwhitemg | .00015 -.011405 -.000088 -.004255 -.80165 .076392 _cons | -.042007 -3.0954 .094592 -.872579 -.832822 .202402 55.2672

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 481.02Log likelihood = -557.2461 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5330819 .0492488 10.82 0.000 .436556 .6296079 lgdp | .019111 .0749964 0.25 0.799 -.1278792 .1661012 lgdpau | 1.880999 .7835582 2.40 0.016 .3452534 3.416745lgdpdfrati~w | -.5841479 .2775652 -2.10 0.035 -1.128166 -.0401302 lpopau | -9.447223 2.690059 -3.51 0.000 -14.71964 -4.174804 lpop | .3783394 .0920888 4.11 0.000 .1978487 .55883 lxrate1 | -.106388 .0251446 -4.23 0.000 -.1556705 -.0571054 lremote | .0648186 .2558818 0.25 0.800 -.4367006 .5663377 ldist | -1.020353 .3587372 -2.84 0.004 -1.723465 -.317241 lopen | .0547809 .05317 1.03 0.303 -.0494304 .1589923 english | -.0701821 .2303635 -0.30 0.761 -.5216862 .381322

white | 9.013929 1.075682 8.38 0.000 6.905631 11.12223 lwhitemg | -.8184889 .0964141 -8.49 0.000 -1.007457 -.6295207 _cons | 113.0279 25.5166 4.43 0.000 63.01624 163.0395------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002425 lgdp | -.001486 .005624 lgdpau | .000421 -.000941 .613963lgdpdfrati~w | -.001299 .001516 -.017527 .077042 lpopau | -.005827 -.0038 -2.04778 .067125 7.23642 lpop | -.000146 -.003434 -.000016 -.000605 -.003557 .00848 lxrate1 | .000144 -.000109 .000301 .000859 -.003857 -.000477 .000632 lremote | .001788 .004698 -.023129 -.011989 .061192 -.003142 .000519 ldist | .00458 .003653 -.01076 -.001577 -.02205 .005803 .00132 lopen | -.000245 .000596 .000227 -.000315 -.009605 .000874 -1.7e-06 english | -.001813 .001437 .003834 .004924 -.022688 .000757 .001125 white | .013929 -.023276 .016841 -.006699 -.079865 .024032 .004922 lwhitemg | -.001362 .001278 -.002833 -.000096 .013721 -.001491 -.000388 _cons | .046277 -.051921 18.1989 -.633959 -66.5408 -.023793 .04512

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .065476 ldist | .036238 .128692 lopen | .001336 .003188 .002827 english | -.009426 .030067 -3.8e-07 .053067 white | .015582 -.000047 -.001294 .019367 1.15709 lwhitemg | .000869 .000198 .00009 -.000881 -.099673 .009296 _cons | -1.37691 -1.10121 .087893 .011212 .744439 -.154476 651.097

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1555.02Log likelihood = -308.0759 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .029656 .015257 1.94 0.052 -.0002471 .0595592 lgdp | .2181441 .0520389 4.19 0.000 .1161497 .3201385 lgdpau | -.2386226 .2789072 -0.86 0.392 -.7852706 .3080254lgdpdfrati~w | -.3591811 .1777668 -2.02 0.043 -.7075977 -.0107644 lpopau | 2.670248 .9965496 2.68 0.007 .7170467 4.623449 lpop | .113407 .0670855 1.69 0.091 -.0180782 .2448921 lxrate1 | -.0715505 .0169358 -4.22 0.000 -.1047441 -.0383569 lremote | -.1402608 .1004001 -1.40 0.162 -.3370414 .0565197 ldist | -1.343003 .1787283 -7.51 0.000 -1.693304 -.9927015 lopen | .0048593 .0233695 0.21 0.835 -.040944 .0506626 english | 1.948069 .1992928 9.77 0.000 1.557463 2.338676 white | 9.267697 1.767687 5.24 0.000 5.803093 12.7323 lwhitemg | -.6824943 .1820664 -3.75 0.000 -1.039338 -.3256507 _cons | -29.22443 10.11755 -2.89 0.004 -49.05447 -9.394398------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000233 lgdp | -.000257 .002708 lgdpau | .000179 -.001281 .077789lgdpdfrati~w | -.000405 -.000202 -.000876 .031601 lpopau | -.000856 .005881 -.267189 .017475 .993111 lpop | .000102 -.002669 .000929 .000613 -.006859 .0045 lxrate1 | -.000015 .000152 .001036 .000637 -.004953 -.000144 .000287 lremote | .000115 .000814 -.005714 -.002687 .020627 -.000571 -.000266 ldist | .000529 .001439 -.000998 -.001301 -.000472 .001573 -.00027 lopen | .000022 -.000244 -.000174 .000879 -.00058 .000308 -.000011 english | -.000206 -.002778 .003596 .002621 -.010577 .004154 .000187 white | .001431 -.022194 .013194 .002636 -.069332 .024277 .00073 lwhitemg | -.000145 .001354 -.001088 -.000038 .005151 -.001719 -.000051 _cons | .006889 -.101377 2.46035 -.27104 -9.66299 .068317 .057159

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .01008 ldist | -.001358 .031944

lopen | -.000102 -.0001 .000546 english | -.003527 .00632 -.000056 .039718 white | .008883 -.031241 .00132 .073184 3.12472 lwhitemg | -.000357 .001451 -.000069 -.006882 -.317585 .033148 _cons | -.272611 -.313305 .016073 .042413 1.1136 -.069377 102.365

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1043.28Log likelihood = -853.3144 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1500654 .0651542 2.30 0.021 .0223655 .2777654 lgdp | .5300813 .1095112 4.84 0.000 .3154432 .7447193 lgdpau | -2.392267 1.122718 -2.13 0.033 -4.592755 -.1917803lgdpdfrati~w | -1.057981 .4478754 -2.36 0.018 -1.935801 -.1801613 lpopau | 4.877319 3.84999 1.27 0.205 -2.668524 12.42316 lpop | .262657 .1282535 2.05 0.041 .0112847 .5140292 lxrate1 | -.1479578 .0399676 -3.70 0.000 -.2262928 -.0696228 lremote | 1.745341 .2765416 6.31 0.000 1.20333 2.287353 ldist | -1.064874 .6127584 -1.74 0.082 -2.265858 .1361102 lopen | -.0135572 .0783291 -0.17 0.863 -.1670793 .139965 english | .3450425 .259877 1.33 0.184 -.164307 .854392 white | 10.87189 1.448536 7.51 0.000 8.032808 13.71097 lwhitemg | -.8449641 .1405791 -6.01 0.000 -1.120494 -.5694342 _cons | -35.50561 36.28488 -0.98 0.328 -106.6227 35.61145------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004245 lgdp | -.004377 .011993 lgdpau | -.002195 .005599 1.2605lgdpdfrati~w | -.001856 .004505 -.002379 .200592

lpopau | .003163 -.027482 -4.21388 .058753 14.8224 lpop | .001603 -.010207 -.002437 -.002597 .009734 .016449 lxrate1 | .000091 .001633 .000844 .001527 -.009926 -.001491 .001597 lremote | .00161 -.002474 -.032011 -.020238 .079344 .002514 .000911 ldist | .01408 -.010186 -.011476 -.010582 -.028599 .024619 -.001516 lopen | .000348 -.000811 .006567 .001053 -.03464 .002128 -.000382 english | -.005463 .010713 .007177 .001594 -.028977 -.008188 -.000508 white | .027547 -.05068 -.041191 -.038016 .055548 .050763 .005162 lwhitemg | -.003119 .003057 .000142 .001095 .011494 -.002788 -.000833 _cons | -.089977 .330365 37.1538 -.894727 -135.449 -.381787 .128666

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .076475 ldist | .026557 .375473 lopen | .003105 .004095 .006135 english | -.003725 .03105 -.000875 .067536 white | .120105 .159571 .00179 .03325 2.09826 lwhitemg | -.004876 -.021945 -.000035 -.005522 -.193504 .019762 _cons | -1.37855 -3.25414 .325084 -.069364 -2.23001 .052473 1316.59

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 521.81Log likelihood = -94.73439 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0384913 .0304608 1.26 0.206 -.0212109 .0981934 lgdp | .1683112 .0610085 2.76 0.006 .0487367 .2878857 lgdpau | .4000177 .4176997 0.96 0.338 -.4186586 1.218694lgdpdfrati~w | .3761429 .1893069 1.99 0.047 .0051083 .7471776 lpopau | 1.773472 1.468964 1.21 0.227 -1.105645 4.652589 lpop | .3517164 .0735989 4.78 0.000 .2074651 .4959676 lxrate1 | -.020419 .0158592 -1.29 0.198 -.0515024 .0106645 lremote | -.039661 .1322889 -0.30 0.764 -.2989425 .2196204 ldist | -1.643744 .4118329 -3.99 0.000 -2.450922 -.8365666 lopen | .0535459 .0385978 1.39 0.165 -.0221044 .1291962 english | .8344152 .191701 4.35 0.000 .458688 1.210142 white | 14.95083 1.252721 11.93 0.000 12.49554 17.40612 lwhitemg | -1.25502 .1182578 -10.61 0.000 -1.486801 -1.023239 _cons | -33.25121 15.04936 -2.21 0.027 -62.74741 -3.755016------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000928 lgdp | -.000758 .003722 lgdpau | -.000621 -.000045 .174473lgdpdfrati~w | -.000693 .000945 -.000059 .035837 lpopau | .001557 -.000067 -.585369 .015318 2.15786 lpop | .000045 -.002533 .0005 .000473 -.002331 .005417 lxrate1 | .000046 .000112 .000156 .000574 -.002438 -.000127 .000252 lremote | .000771 .00199 -.008349 -.003399 .024498 -.001483 .000037 ldist | .003123 -.00332 -.010144 -.007585 .00901 .004533 -.000096 lopen | -.000031 -.000073 .000426 .000393 -.005133 .000529 -.000056 english | -.001403 -.000889 .003197 .002472 -.014038 .004998 .00015

white | .005095 -.018823 .031206 -.006107 -.270262 .024793 .003094 lwhitemg | -.000596 .001091 -.003342 .000337 .027912 -.001934 -.000347 _cons | -.034117 -.023573 5.29832 -.214176 -20.7188 -.033994 .034881

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .0175 ldist | .016419 .169606 lopen | -7.7e-06 .000051 .00149 english | -.004161 .008789 .000243 .036749 white | -.003992 -.007006 -.000347 .052103 1.56931 lwhitemg | .000715 .001016 .00007 -.004453 -.144506 .013985 _cons | -.517315 -1.65742 .067755 .038446 3.75254 -.380704 226.483

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 214.41Log likelihood = 164.0804 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0017802 .0199819 0.09 0.929 -.0373835 .040944 lgdp | .2642828 .051471 5.13 0.000 .1634016 .3651641 lgdpau | -.2972817 .350982 -0.85 0.397 -.9851937 .3906304lgdpdfrati~w | -.090707 .1463199 -0.62 0.535 -.3774888 .1960748 lpopau | 4.130837 1.290214 3.20 0.001 1.602064 6.659609 lpop | -.0401323 .0607177 -0.66 0.509 -.1591368 .0788723 lxrate1 | -.0986833 .0157407 -6.27 0.000 -.1295346 -.0678321 lremote | .3468957 .1279336 2.71 0.007 .0961506 .5976409 ldist | -.9826943 .3667229 -2.68 0.007 -1.701458 -.2639308 lopen | .0242898 .0282062 0.86 0.389 -.0309934 .079573 english | .2445853 .1657795 1.48 0.140 -.0803365 .5695072 white | 9.463717 2.083128 4.54 0.000 5.380861 13.54657 lwhitemg | -.7973558 .199326 -4.00 0.000 -1.188028 -.406684 _cons | -58.79495 13.60945 -4.32 0.000 -85.46898 -32.12092------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000399 lgdp | -.000402 .002649 lgdpau | .000356 -.000615 .123188lgdpdfrati~w | -.000459 .000479 -.006297 .02141 lpopau | -.003326 .003835 -.424669 .028234 1.66465 lpop | .000058 -.002225 -.00015 -.000027 .000515 .003687 lxrate1 | .000012 -9.8e-06 .000528 .000478 -.005003 -.000096 .000248 lremote | .00034 .001643 -.00706 -.001 .024542 -.001496 -.000056 ldist | .002455 -.002924 -.000103 -.000723 -.0338 .006845 .000796 lopen | -.000015 .000015 .000047 .000164 -.001208 .00015 -.000036 english | -.000441 -.00183 -.000267 .000796 .019197 .005061 .000256 white | .002887 -.015262 .01785 -.00497 -.153862 .015218 .002218 lwhitemg | -.000331 .000966 -.002155 .000495 .016099 -.001212 -.000175 _cons | .026219 -.055867 3.89418 -.320027 -16.4565 -.065846 .062092

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016367

ldist | .007479 .134486 lopen | .000073 -.001035 .000796 english | -.000851 .019355 -.000299 .027483 white | .000223 .021599 -.00074 .033057 4.33942 lwhitemg | .000611 -.003558 .000099 -.003046 -.408552 .039731 _cons | -.449216 -.848107 .025905 -.533242 1.95004 -.182168 185.217

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 572.19Log likelihood = -669.0712 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1672533 .0511519 3.27 0.001 .0669975 .2675092 lgdp | .7099644 .1007247 7.05 0.000 .5125477 .9073812 lgdpau | -.560514 .6459533 -0.87 0.386 -1.826559 .7055311lgdpdfrati~w | -.2914733 .2699514 -1.08 0.280 -.8205682 .2376217 lpopau | 3.906311 2.224623 1.76 0.079 -.4538713 8.266492 lpop | -.2889971 .1438785 -2.01 0.045 -.5709938 -.0070004 lxrate1 | -.1489874 .0310167 -4.80 0.000 -.2097792 -.0881957 lremote | .0685868 .2278227 0.30 0.763 -.3779375 .515111 ldist | -4.011838 .7119418 -5.64 0.000 -5.407219 -2.616458 lopen | .0317218 .0619969 0.51 0.609 -.0897899 .1532335 english | -.6589001 .4347238 -1.52 0.130 -1.510943 .1931429 white | 21.29323 3.942055 5.40 0.000 13.56694 29.01951 lwhitemg | -1.876804 .3630004 -5.17 0.000 -2.588272 -1.165336 _cons | -21.03656 22.08622 -0.95 0.341 -64.32475 22.25163------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002617 lgdp | -.002133 .010145 lgdpau | .00122 -.001544 .417256lgdpdfrati~w | -.00172 .00294 -.009733 .072874 lpopau | -.008567 .001182 -1.38744 .056781 4.94895 lpop | -.000181 -.007376 -.001356 -.001414 -.007057 .020701 lxrate1 | .000136 .000494 .001891 .001168 -.01 -.000763 .000962 lremote | .001017 .004651 -.019274 -.011202 .035565 -.003031 .000574 ldist | .011058 .014859 -.006923 -.003883 -.052853 .002224 .000641 lopen | .000445 -.001032 -.000989 -.000194 -.009271 .001761 -.0002 english | -.005507 .003521 .000643 .00542 -.01657 .017092 .000761 white | .006703 -.029705 .104659 .009945 -.359636 .075361 .0049 lwhitemg | -.0012 .001057 -.011051 -.002068 .03964 -.005832 -.000542 _cons | .036436 -.268722 12.3561 -.666744 -45.4185 -.001108 .10032

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .051903 ldist | .036644 .506861

lopen | .000616 .003058 .003844 english | -.000368 .1521 -.001602 .188985 white | .032381 .298928 .003476 .318291 15.5398 lwhitemg | -.000923 -.044336 -.000211 -.034361 -1.40643 .131769 _cons | -.942475 -4.54578 .142504 -1.56077 -.588909 .149462 487.801

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1425.37Log likelihood = -566.9573 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .202566 .0469219 4.32 0.000 .1106007 .2945313 lgdp | .637409 .1000214 6.37 0.000 .4413706 .8334474 lgdpau | .6392472 .6322903 1.01 0.312 -.6000189 1.878513lgdpdfrati~w | .0301662 .2787721 0.11 0.914 -.516217 .5765495 lpopau | -2.600486 2.185917 -1.19 0.234 -6.884805 1.683833 lpop | .4551275 .1297952 3.51 0.000 .2007335 .7095215 lxrate1 | -.0927333 .0291393 -3.18 0.001 -.1498454 -.0356213 lremote | -.2598201 .2246354 -1.16 0.247 -.7000975 .1804573 ldist | -2.239289 .4753349 -4.71 0.000 -3.170928 -1.30765 lopen | -.0896683 .0712053 -1.26 0.208 -.229228 .0498914 english | 1.025161 .3229291 3.17 0.002 .3922313 1.65809 white | 24.08946 2.987436 8.06 0.000 18.23419 29.94473 lwhitemg | -2.312524 .2666173 -8.67 0.000 -2.835084 -1.789964 _cons | 31.32405 21.11978 1.48 0.138 -10.06994 72.71805------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002202 lgdp | -.001921 .010004 lgdpau | -.002327 .00507 .399791lgdpdfrati~w | -.001785 .002925 -.008771 .077714 lpopau | .006847 -.033727 -1.33611 .033053 4.77823 lpop | .000466 -.00831 -.003612 -.002243 .015676 .016847 lxrate1 | .000055 .000648 .00065 .001255 -.006284 -.000783 .000849 lremote | .000486 .003704 -.017692 -.016849 .037859 -.002651 .000538 ldist | .008795 -.002697 -.010215 -.002278 -.005532 .021032 .000718 lopen | .000239 -.000017 .000403 .001975 -.013052 .001333 -.000061 english | -.003184 .003218 .006043 .006061 -.027662 -.000933 .000817 white | .006111 -.034259 .011784 -.015463 -.004906 .05888 .003563 lwhitemg | -.000923 .001188 -.002792 -.000151 .009974 -.004243 -.000367 _cons | -.11388 .331468 11.8887 -.250706 -44.0471 -.419783 .069156

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .050461 ldist | .007973 .225943 lopen | .001456 .00258 .00507 english | -.007014 .068698 -.001828 .104283 white | .029669 .064117 .003808 .009537 8.92477 lwhitemg | -8.3e-06 -.011205 -.00044 .000319 -.781467 .071085 _cons | -.708477 -2.18771 .148158 -.369129 -1.31306 .061766 446.045

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1730.94Log likelihood = -763.2942 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0521906 .0320463 1.63 0.103 -.0106191 .1150002 lgdp | 1.055423 .0961236 10.98 0.000 .867024 1.243822 lgdpau | .9685326 .7034019 1.38 0.169 -.4101098 2.347175lgdpdfrati~w | -.1113907 .2725696 -0.41 0.683 -.6456173 .4228359 lpopau | 3.19113 2.45107 1.30 0.193 -1.612879 7.995139 lpop | -.5143071 .1397086 -3.68 0.000 -.788131 -.2404832 lxrate1 | -.1536203 .0227496 -6.75 0.000 -.1982088 -.1090319 lremote | -.4570128 .1935868 -2.36 0.018 -.836436 -.0775896 ldist | -2.092321 .739133 -2.83 0.005 -3.540995 -.6436472 lopen | -.050764 .0713512 -0.71 0.477 -.1906098 .0890819 english | .16121 .3348605 0.48 0.630 -.4951044 .8175245 white | 28.42338 2.571898 11.05 0.000 23.38256 33.46421 lwhitemg | -2.659117 .2491146 -10.67 0.000 -3.147373 -2.170862 _cons | -67.31062 24.54914 -2.74 0.006 -115.426 -19.19518------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001027 lgdp | -.00173 .00924 lgdpau | .000012 .000384 .494774lgdpdfrati~w | -.001862 .003967 -.015298 .074294 lpopau | -.006353 -.009105 -1.65156 .054848 6.00774 lpop | .001571 -.011008 -.003096 -.003379 .025412 .019519 lxrate1 | .000038 .000361 .000566 .00083 -.009214 -.000718 .000518 lremote | .001143 .004572 -.01852 -.003536 .019977 -.00393 .00033 ldist | .005753 .017006 -.024048 -.000449 -.060054 .004334 .001391 lopen | .000283 -.000739 -.001013 .004862 -.005274 .001163 -.000302 english | -.000963 .002813 .001541 .002816 -.008165 .001057 .000948 white | .015292 -.054925 .024176 -.029346 -.322701 .070641 .007715 lwhitemg | -.001368 .003656 -.003701 .002165 .037951 -.005196 -.000749 _cons | .051307 -.09324 14.8612 -.576104 -56.1458 -.407529 .121731

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .037476 ldist | .067064 .546318 lopen | .001173 .002138 .005091 english | .002386 .074666 -.001538 .112132 white | .032632 .0816 -.006202 .211764 6.61466 lwhitemg | -.002225 -.015998 .000791 -.023596 -.630604 .062058 _cons | -.858363 -4.67464 .080448 -.731748 3.68441 -.351966 602.66

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

Wald chi2(13) = 479.45Log likelihood = -576.1257 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3972974 .0588076 6.76 0.000 .2820366 .5125582 lgdp | .2771043 .1012329 2.74 0.006 .0786914 .4755172 lgdpau | 1.174561 .7459313 1.57 0.115 -.2874372 2.63656lgdpdfrati~w | -.5053348 .3189143 -1.58 0.113 -1.130395 .1197256 lpopau | -4.381631 2.574631 -1.70 0.089 -9.427816 .6645541 lpop | .3038436 .1102625 2.76 0.006 .087733 .5199541 lxrate1 | -.0896141 .0345797 -2.59 0.010 -.157389 -.0218392 lremote | -.0237631 .2304684 -0.10 0.918 -.4754728 .4279467 ldist | -1.527152 .609806 -2.50 0.012 -2.72235 -.3319541 lopen | .1030138 .0714058 1.44 0.149 -.0369389 .2429665 english | -.0160014 .2916865 -0.05 0.956 -.5876965 .5556937 white | 19.36778 2.156655 8.98 0.000 15.14081 23.59475 lwhitemg | -1.828512 .2015599 -9.07 0.000 -2.223563 -1.433462 _cons | 48.36573 24.42632 1.98 0.048 .4910135 96.24045------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003458 lgdp | -.003268 .010248 lgdpau | -.002341 .006903 .556413lgdpdfrati~w | -.002806 .006502 -.008966 .101706 lpopau | .004899 -.036251 -1.85963 .048655 6.62873 lpop | .001146 -.006897 -.00483 -.00447 .013015 .012158 lxrate1 | .000318 .000495 -.000208 .000877 -.003891 -.000658 .001196 lremote | .000509 .002643 -.009906 -.017645 -.002203 .001045 .001537 ldist | .012289 -.000925 -.007007 -.013548 -.071077 .010146 .000337 lopen | -.000321 .000944 .002144 .000027 -.022826 .001523 -.000139 english | -.003328 .006984 .006182 .002276 -.027434 -.000427 -.001634 white | .025271 -.04217 .000049 -.074414 .06298 .019295 -.000602 lwhitemg | -.002827 .002405 -.001809 .00457 .00486 -.000628 -.000249 _cons | -.104784 .294987 16.3498 -.452429 -59.9803 -.233226 .047624

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .053116 ldist | .041232 .371863 lopen | .002282 .00348 .005099 english | .007572 .100023 .000109 .085081 white | .110161 .2442 -.007623 .151456 4.65116 lwhitemg | -.00776 -.034101 .000665 -.018339 -.425236 .040626 _cons | -.631586 -2.74709 .230303 -.869494 -3.82688 .333388 596.645

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1348.97Log likelihood = -244.7285 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0066336 .0208636 0.32 0.751 -.0342583 .0475254

lgdp | .44383 .0794606 5.59 0.000 .28809 .59957 lgdpau | -.3870341 .5099184 -0.76 0.448 -1.386456 .6123875lgdpdfrati~w | .1800251 .227383 0.79 0.429 -.2656373 .6256876 lpopau | 1.092048 1.760633 0.62 0.535 -2.358729 4.542825 lpop | -.080932 .1179585 -0.69 0.493 -.3121263 .1502624 lxrate1 | -.0271084 .0226476 -1.20 0.231 -.0714969 .0172801 lremote | .0466146 .1744078 0.27 0.789 -.2952184 .3884475 ldist | -2.511928 .5626917 -4.46 0.000 -3.614783 -1.409072 lopen | .0223598 .0494426 0.45 0.651 -.074546 .1192656 english | .0076929 .3048796 0.03 0.980 -.58986 .6052459 white | 15.72999 2.797046 5.62 0.000 10.24788 21.2121 lwhitemg | -1.117493 .3037677 -3.68 0.000 -1.712867 -.5221195 _cons | 7.897263 17.72142 0.45 0.656 -26.83608 42.63061------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000435 lgdp | -.000574 .006314 lgdpau | 7.2e-06 -.001621 .260017lgdpdfrati~w | -.000887 .002449 -.009734 .051703 lpopau | -.001057 -.000533 -.867437 .05045 3.09983 lpop | .000228 -.005784 -.000273 -.001005 -.004694 .013914 lxrate1 | -.000025 .000166 .001265 .001077 -.006504 -.000453 .000513 lremote | .000065 .001972 -.018353 -.004187 .053694 -.002182 -.000092 ldist | .00214 .003863 -.009806 -.000169 -.013187 .016975 -.000219 lopen | .000048 -.000099 -.001979 .000946 .002171 .000791 -.000048 english | -.000931 -.001035 .002984 .001945 -.007473 .007828 .00061 white | .003642 -.033169 .050601 -.007009 -.322405 .064058 .002124 lwhitemg | -.000397 .001225 -.006396 -.000205 .039312 -.005145 -.000038 _cons | .004718 -.051213 7.86599 -.635618 -28.9563 -.146659 .077696

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .030418 ldist | .011732 .316622

lopen | .000199 .000384 .002445 english | -.001328 .057924 -.000169 .092952 white | -.012047 .125751 -.001748 .103699 7.82347 lwhitemg | .004193 -.018004 .00022 -.00997 -.839369 .092275 _cons | -.793623 -3.03063 .000677 -.61019 2.6222 -.293386 314.049

.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Uruguay

. drop if ccode==338580(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491147.6 1561198 8050 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33364.58 117062.3 2790 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.65e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6465 16.87819 102.8924 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.071 10901.71 16.2185 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6733.824 4145.905 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13385.08 3529.04 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7115003 .3885734 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.051907 .1803778 1.017907 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404889.4 1597591 3188 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14784.97 27166.22 1403.5 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.00e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.7662 17.2287 101.7385 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.939 11681.74 22.9426 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7159.37 4116.788 6928.5 1293 39620 dist | 870 13217.79 3418.837 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 156.5657 242.0576 47.025 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7194044 .4098905 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.04338 .1851469 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8514.56Log likelihood = -531.9924 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .338971 .030734 11.03 0.000 .2787334 .3992086 lgdp | 1.17271 .0333549 35.16 0.000 1.107336 1.238085 lgdpau | .1455282 .5973532 0.24 0.808 -1.025263 1.316319lgdpdfrati~w | -.9324658 .2442075 -3.82 0.000 -1.411104 -.4538279 lpopau | -2.537944 2.061323 -1.23 0.218 -6.578063 1.502174 lpop | .0263365 .0408963 0.64 0.520 -.0538188 .1064918 lxrate1 | -.1314841 .0162815 -8.08 0.000 -.1633953 -.0995729 lremote | -.4054433 .0755415 -5.37 0.000 -.553502 -.2573846 ldist | -2.068175 .1574188 -13.14 0.000 -2.37671 -1.75964 lopen | .2697347 .0555076 4.86 0.000 .1609417 .3785277 english | .8202893 .1291873 6.35 0.000 .5670869 1.073492 white | 4.459389 .570017 7.82 0.000 3.342177 5.576602 lwhitemg | -.4172734 .0505067 -8.26 0.000 -.5162647 -.3182822 _cons | 40.42368 18.98768 2.13 0.033 3.208502 77.63885------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000945 lgdp | -.000309 .001113 lgdpau | -.00095 .00143 .356831lgdpdfrati~w | -.000784 .000148 -.009122 .059637 lpopau | .002041 -.008364 -1.20632 .048043 4.24905 lpop | -.000148 -.000715 .000171 .000254 -.00061 .001673 lxrate1 | .00008 .000167 .000386 .00022 -.002729 -.000083 .000265 lremote | .000491 .000081 -.000496 -.001847 -.003036 -.000311 .000065 ldist | .001615 .001064 .000747 -.00125 -.015979 -.000084 .001596 lopen | -.00019 .000638 .002508 .000772 -.016944 .000366 .000177 english | -.001217 .002851 .003188 .002319 -.012282 -.001187 .00063 white | .00445 -.001628 .003372 -.009598 -.02789 .005088 .00053 lwhitemg | -.00055 .000152 -.000297 .000901 .002934 -.000402 -.000068 _cons | -.025384 .075808 10.6262 -.595462 -38.5279 .000863 .015136

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005707 ldist | .005025 .024781 lopen | .001313 .001079 .003081 english | -.003279 .003027 -.000548 .016689 white | -.000814 .0001 -.000201 .002537 .324919 lwhitemg | .000169 -.000489 -.000055 -.000045 -.028346 .002551 _cons | -.029682 -.07131 .175 .066832 .297461 -.030388 360.532

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l

> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 72230.52Log likelihood = -967.0593 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .059214 .0145365 4.07 0.000 .030723 .087705 lgdp | 1.587424 .0496529 31.97 0.000 1.490106 1.684742 lgdpau | .7910641 .3738869 2.12 0.034 .0582592 1.523869lgdpdfrati~w | -.4661852 .1562343 -2.98 0.003 -.7723988 -.1599716 lpopau | -5.961658 1.263501 -4.72 0.000 -8.438074 -3.485242 lpop | -.3236366 .0812657 -3.98 0.000 -.4829144 -.1643587 lxrate1 | -.1278604 .0208071 -6.15 0.000 -.1686415 -.0870793 lremote | -.9580789 .0888609 -10.78 0.000 -1.132243 -.7839147 ldist | -3.294701 .1536072 -21.45 0.000 -3.595765 -2.993636 lopen | -.049832 .0280603 -1.78 0.076 -.1048292 .0051651 english | .9612613 .0861007 11.16 0.000 .7925071 1.130016 white | 5.01455 .7585028 6.61 0.000 3.527911 6.501188 lwhitemg | -.496858 .0725989 -6.84 0.000 -.6391493 -.3545668 _cons | 91.75663 11.82239 7.76 0.000 68.58517 114.9281------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000211 lgdp | -.000287 .002465 lgdpau | -.001372 .001715 .139791lgdpdfrati~w | -.000683 .000515 -.013272 .024409 lpopau | .00544 -.007329 -.462805 .027502 1.59643 lpop | .00017 -.00378 -.001188 .000625 .003452 .006604 lxrate1 | -.000033 .000287 -.000019 .000408 -.00339 -.000303 .000433 lremote | .000538 .000596 -.006485 -.003182 .022897 -.001686 .000118 ldist | .000694 -.000893 -.006454 -.001657 .016638 .00124 .000605 lopen | .000052 -.000091 -.001087 .001048 .003932 .000257 -.000074 english | -.00048 .000325 .003479 .00275 -.022156 .000311 .001177 white | .001309 -.011369 -.009609 -.00431 .042967 .016558 -.001248 lwhitemg | -.000098 .000626 .000463 .000298 -.003221 -.000813 .000174 _cons | -.062003 .083261 4.12731 -.106533 -14.6328 -.041207 .046423

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .007896 ldist | .0039 .023595 lopen | .000591 .000205 .000787 english | -.002668 .001945 -.000419 .007413 white | .004973 -.032254 .001758 -.003789 .575327 lwhitemg | -.000079 .003925 -.000142 .000593 -.053895 .005271 _cons | -.303168 -.37294 -.046605 .263546 -.189516 .001873 139.769

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6892.41Log likelihood = -924.1833 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0493555 .0158488 3.11 0.002 .0182924 .0804186 lgdp | 1.488232 .0672825 22.12 0.000 1.35636 1.620103 lgdpau | .2427363 .3996622 0.61 0.544 -.5405872 1.02606lgdpdfrati~w | -.4553354 .1649113 -2.76 0.006 -.7785556 -.1321153 lpopau | -3.849151 1.385978 -2.78 0.005 -6.565619 -1.132683 lpop | -.2768866 .0804226 -3.44 0.001 -.434512 -.1192612 lxrate1 | -.1262842 .0233691 -5.40 0.000 -.1720868 -.0804817 lremote | -.2383919 .1102769 -2.16 0.031 -.4545306 -.0222531 ldist | -4.800392 .3314639 -14.48 0.000 -5.450049 -4.150735 lopen | .0303073 .0331665 0.91 0.361 -.0346978 .0953124 english | 1.724546 .1439195 11.98 0.000 1.442469 2.006623 white | 13.1525 1.914715 6.87 0.000 9.399726 16.90527 lwhitemg | -.9923966 .1899674 -5.22 0.000 -1.364726 -.6200673 _cons | 79.99955 13.17839 6.07 0.000 54.17038 105.8287------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000251 lgdp | -.000332 .004527 lgdpau | -.00095 .002289 .15973lgdpdfrati~w | -.000509 .001148 -.010992 .027196 lpopau | .002731 -.014605 -.534286 .031656 1.92094 lpop | .000212 -.003909 -.001006 -.000768 .003308 .006468 lxrate1 | -8.2e-06 .000221 -.000228 .00078 -.003444 -.00031 .000546 lremote | -.000065 -.001284 -.005364 -.000964 .018086 -.000059 .000116 ldist | .001164 .00921 -.005791 -.00132 -.027875 -.000738 .000852 lopen | .000065 -.000531 -.000286 .001282 .001695 .000777 -.000162 english | -.000628 .000403 .003148 .002127 -.031769 .005179 .001726 white | -.00017 -.033742 -.002441 .002699 .017922 .031417 .004774 lwhitemg | -.00002 .001576 -.000687 -.000435 .003706 -.001782 -.000412 _cons | -.027123 .068464 4.75644 -.256755 -17.5094 -.037935 .050646

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .012161 ldist | .002455 .109868 lopen | .000488 -.00067 .0011 english | -.003052 .008779 -.000968 .020713 white | .016476 -.135127 .002414 .034327 3.66613 lwhitemg | .000264 .009551 -.000092 -.003135 -.355501 .036088 _cons | -.260886 -.657186 -.019246 .28486 1.12085 -.140935 173.67

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2249.39Log likelihood = -1098.796 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .100994 .0383679 2.63 0.008 .0257942 .1761938 lgdp | .9415337 .0793954 11.86 0.000 .7859216 1.097146 lgdpau | -.5681435 .8944172 -0.64 0.525 -2.321169 1.184882lgdpdfrati~w | -.3838952 .3676082 -1.04 0.296 -1.104394 .3366037 lpopau | .3419508 3.062636 0.11 0.911 -5.660706 6.344608 lpop | -.0282544 .0994156 -0.28 0.776 -.2231054 .1665967 lxrate1 | -.14702 .0343372 -4.28 0.000 -.2143196 -.0797204 lremote | .5614283 .2344477 2.39 0.017 .1019193 1.020937 ldist | -1.544495 .3368314 -4.59 0.000 -2.204672 -.8843173 lopen | .3262891 .0800936 4.07 0.000 .1693085 .4832696 english | 1.711102 .2422069 7.06 0.000 1.236385 2.185818 white | .874066 2.226004 0.39 0.695 -3.488821 5.236953 lwhitemg | .228532 .1975927 1.16 0.247 -.1587426 .6158067 _cons | 1.134203 28.90094 0.04 0.969 -55.5106 57.779------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001472 lgdp | -.00139 .006304 lgdpau | -.001202 .001224 .799982lgdpdfrati~w | -4.0e-06 .001618 -.019838 .135136 lpopau | .000784 -.008471 -2.68103 .057346 9.37974 lpop | .000354 -.005794 -.000321 -.001173 .000353 .009883 lxrate1 | .000114 .00095 .000839 .002395 -.009391 -.001273 .001179 lremote | .001328 .000376 -.028519 -.013584 .090633 .000667 -.00088 ldist | .003958 -.007374 -.018456 -.00492 .050414 .012285 -.000134 lopen | .00022 -.00109 .004161 .002673 -.023621 .00311 -.000175 english | -.003141 .00077 .008662 .005432 -.01698 -.001336 .001752 white | .003092 -.023065 .095543 .002878 -.373865 .019468 .000478 lwhitemg | -.00043 .000764 -.010489 -.001723 .042034 -.00014 -.000198 _cons | -.011383 .128821 23.9161 -.425863 -86.4441 -.142301 .134345

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .054966 ldist | .019475 .113455 lopen | .001956 -.001097 .006415 english | -.01491 .01422 -.002072 .058664 white | .044199 -.022545 .007407 .038382 4.95509 lwhitemg | -.000892 .005853 -.00046 -.002754 -.42875 .039043 _cons | -1.42825 -1.65617 .252952 .041561 3.70922 -.481875 835.264

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

Wald chi2(13) = 53567.72Log likelihood = -883.7405 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0241714 .0133557 1.81 0.070 -.0020053 .0503481 lgdp | 1.555182 .0547947 28.38 0.000 1.447786 1.662577 lgdpau | .7045055 .3464796 2.03 0.042 .025418 1.383593lgdpdfrati~w | -.2962423 .1435747 -2.06 0.039 -.5776435 -.0148411 lpopau | -6.608327 1.174282 -5.63 0.000 -8.909876 -4.306777 lpop | -.1842007 .0945865 -1.95 0.051 -.3695869 .0011855 lxrate1 | -.0569901 .0194769 -2.93 0.003 -.0951641 -.018816 lremote | -.6473593 .1467651 -4.41 0.000 -.9350136 -.3597049 ldist | -2.525229 .1691225 -14.93 0.000 -2.856703 -2.193755 lopen | -.0534596 .0263381 -2.03 0.042 -.1050814 -.0018378 english | 1.181637 .1052557 11.23 0.000 .9753392 1.387934 white | 3.434743 .8770578 3.92 0.000 1.715741 5.153745 lwhitemg | -.2543816 .0789561 -3.22 0.001 -.4091328 -.0996305 _cons | 92.85485 11.14505 8.33 0.000 71.01094 114.6987------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000178 lgdp | -.000181 .003002 lgdpau | -.000922 .002165 .120048lgdpdfrati~w | -.00039 .00075 -.008682 .020614 lpopau | .003448 -.007212 -.397783 .014211 1.37894 lpop | .000092 -.004909 -.002147 .000115 .003937 .008947 lxrate1 | -5.2e-06 .000223 .000054 .000505 -.003228 -.000218 .000379 lremote | 5.4e-06 -.001129 -.011034 -.006319 .042232 .000577 -.000316 ldist | .000748 -.005584 -.005026 .001374 .004647 .010235 .000739 lopen | .000022 -.000127 -.001009 .000738 .003719 .000302 -.000072 english | -.000319 -.000173 .00348 .003137 -.020311 .00044 .001078 white | .000236 -.016541 -.016113 -.003736 .023888 .029193 .002415 lwhitemg | -.000061 .000707 .000318 -.000259 .001792 -.001418 -.000265 _cons | -.037995 .135397 3.59133 -.00369 -12.7749 -.141968 .044395

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02154 ldist | -.002097 .028602 lopen | .001078 .0003 .000694 english | -.004586 .006169 -.000449 .011079 white | .021896 .029915 .001165 .006915 .76923 lwhitemg | .00034 -.001583 2.4e-06 -.000557 -.066124 .006234 _cons | -.556694 -.24513 -.049835 .216328 -.544907 -.018273 124.212

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7993.68Log likelihood = -961.6026 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2145553 .0317167 6.76 0.000 .1523918 .2767189 lgdp | 1.559884 .0718944 21.70 0.000 1.418974 1.700795 lgdpau | -.0714566 .6117643 -0.12 0.907 -1.270493 1.127579lgdpdfrati~w | -.0600391 .2581838 -0.23 0.816 -.56607 .4459918 lpopau | -1.472028 2.146455 -0.69 0.493 -5.679003 2.734947 lpop | -.4391071 .0836659 -5.25 0.000 -.6030892 -.2751249 lxrate1 | -.1119663 .0282337 -3.97 0.000 -.1673034 -.0566293 lremote | -.3151291 .1218061 -2.59 0.010 -.5538647 -.0763936 ldist | -3.127903 .3328829 -9.40 0.000 -3.780341 -2.475464 lopen | .1260112 .0493469 2.55 0.011 .0292931 .2227294 english | 1.059329 .1481606 7.15 0.000 .7689393 1.349718 white | 10.97426 1.851859 5.93 0.000 7.344684 14.60384 lwhitemg | -.9457626 .1839804 -5.14 0.000 -1.306358 -.5851676 _cons | 33.58752 20.3924 1.65 0.100 -6.380854 73.5559------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001006 lgdp | -.00139 .005169 lgdpau | -.001603 .003315 .374256lgdpdfrati~w | -.001193 .00254 -.024078 .066659 lpopau | .00378 -.015744 -1.27447 .095665 4.60727 lpop | .000737 -.004458 -.001407 -.001535 .004942 .007 lxrate1 | .000074 .000253 .000039 .001204 -.00543 -.000469 .000797 lremote | -6.6e-06 -.000699 -.003986 -.000467 .006853 -.000927 .000232 ldist | .004473 .001459 -.009425 -.002143 -.020998 .001107 .001553 lopen | .000121 -.000751 .001568 .001454 -.008109 .001441 -.000228 english | -.001824 .002895 .003015 .004793 -.021417 .001708 .00212 white | -.000356 -.0279 .012599 .002921 -.00894 .023919 .005228 lwhitemg | .000035 .001568 -.002046 -.000604 .004407 -.00148 -.000454 _cons | -.047077 .124849 11.4318 -1.03195 -42.7128 -.058593 .068835

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .014837 ldist | .008523 .110811 lopen | .000391 -.000891 .002435 english | -.004387 -.001956 -.001473 .021952 white | .01286 -.154274 .003857 .026642 3.42938 lwhitemg | .000669 .013905 -.00025 -.002698 -.334359 .033849 _cons | -.192058 -.610564 .09326 .230606 1.38331 -.166838 415.85

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8601.57Log likelihood = -1096.562 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0335584 .0170774 1.97 0.049 .0000873 .0670295 lgdp | 1.408663 .0499448 28.20 0.000 1.310773 1.506553

lgdpau | .55942 .5252131 1.07 0.287 -.4699787 1.588819lgdpdfrati~w | -.0101925 .1728728 -0.06 0.953 -.349017 .3286319 lpopau | -5.490475 1.786655 -3.07 0.002 -8.992255 -1.988695 lpop | -.0312342 .0748172 -0.42 0.676 -.1778732 .1154048 lxrate1 | -.0684324 .0207905 -3.29 0.001 -.1091811 -.0276837 lremote | -.9656876 .155037 -6.23 0.000 -1.269555 -.6618206 ldist | -3.393831 .2210341 -15.35 0.000 -3.82705 -2.960612 lopen | .0991845 .0459003 2.16 0.031 .0092216 .1891475 english | 2.299048 .1513712 15.19 0.000 2.002366 2.59573 white | 3.394046 1.175914 2.89 0.004 1.089296 5.698796 lwhitemg | -.1779568 .0994555 -1.79 0.074 -.3728861 .0169724 _cons | 88.88537 16.97191 5.24 0.000 55.62103 122.1497------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000292 lgdp | -.000505 .002494 lgdpau | -.000296 .000354 .275849lgdpdfrati~w | -.00052 .000613 .002663 .029885 lpopau | -.00078 .001573 -.917072 -.006422 3.19214 lpop | .00026 -.002832 7.6e-06 .000148 -.004423 .005598 lxrate1 | -.000031 .000224 .000299 .000632 -.002134 -.000428 .000432 lremote | .000308 .000457 -.0147 -.002571 .047597 -.001328 -.000355 ldist | .000733 -.000021 -.010095 -.002288 .022407 .000311 .000135 lopen | .0001 -.00039 .00045 .00198 -.001615 .000841 -.000141 english | -.000924 .000711 .002757 .00198 -.009413 .001606 .001151 white | .000571 -.013353 -.000621 -.000723 -.008408 .025213 -.000015 lwhitemg | -.000012 .000721 -.001003 .000079 .003647 -.001698 .00007 _cons | .018036 -.049224 8.19143 .034872 -29.4897 .056086 .028449

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024036 ldist | .015537 .048856 lopen | .00105 .000189 .002107 english | -.004843 .004014 -.001539 .022913 white | .000644 -.009626 .001019 .036934 1.38277 lwhitemg | .001457 .002987 -8.0e-06 -.003307 -.113298 .009891 _cons | -.74956 -.719231 -.000931 .037839 .126022 -.064469 288.046

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 565.74Log likelihood = -560.7507 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2364384 .0360783 6.55 0.000 .1657263 .3071505 lgdp | .1964888 .0639821 3.07 0.002 .0710862 .3218915 lgdpau | -1.0846 .2508547 -4.32 0.000 -1.576266 -.5929342lgdpdfrati~w | -.324506 .1417586 -2.29 0.022 -.6023477 -.0466643 lpopau | 1.700808 .8501621 2.00 0.045 .0345208 3.367095 lpop | .5051489 .0849708 5.94 0.000 .3386092 .6716887

lxrate1 | -.1416374 .022135 -6.40 0.000 -.1850212 -.0982535 lremote | -.0467086 .0729496 -0.64 0.522 -.1896872 .0962701 ldist | -1.402641 .3636261 -3.86 0.000 -2.115335 -.6899467 lopen | .0548561 .0264718 2.07 0.038 .0029724 .1067399 english | .6741367 .2109528 3.20 0.001 .2606768 1.087597 white | 9.475244 .69656 13.60 0.000 8.110011 10.84048 lwhitemg | -.9301047 .0695739 -13.37 0.000 -1.066467 -.7937423 _cons | 7.663026 8.263779 0.93 0.354 -8.533684 23.85974------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001302 lgdp | -.000975 .004094 lgdpau | -.000283 .000879 .062928lgdpdfrati~w | -.000214 .001529 .006445 .020095 lpopau | .000885 -.005313 -.20335 -.008669 .722776 lpop | -.000064 -.003172 -.00204 -.001268 -.000285 .00722 lxrate1 | -.000056 .000355 .002983 .001291 -.009744 -.000424 .00049 lremote | .000229 .000151 -.002702 -.001541 .00638 -.000193 -.000136 ldist | .00193 -.006862 .001474 -.001026 -.030748 .016362 .000359 lopen | 1.0e-05 -.000337 -.002212 -.000296 .005327 .000511 -.000239 english | -.002095 .001322 .007502 .003615 -.035326 .005047 .001263 white | .00495 -.006775 .020473 .008091 -.090736 .014637 .003137 lwhitemg | -.000555 -.000128 -.002096 -.001126 .009306 -.000527 -.00035 _cons | -.012292 .087395 1.72468 -.04425 -6.23903 -.134982 .076395

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005322 ldist | .00427 .132224 lopen | .000122 .000328 .000701 english | -.000399 .014816 -.000684 .044501 white | .00024 -.022091 -.001267 .048759 .485196 lwhitemg | .00027 .004692 .000193 -.002416 -.045573 .004841 _cons | -.121463 -.945213 -.032883 .120523 1.00973 -.127103 68.29

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3120.08Log likelihood = -597.7296 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .136721 .0330981 4.13 0.000 .07185 .2015921 lgdp | .2771198 .0556162 4.98 0.000 .168114 .3861256 lgdpau | -.1168493 .0698108 -1.67 0.094 -.2536759 .0199773lgdpdfrati~w | -.1348583 .0453889 -2.97 0.003 -.2238188 -.0458978 lpopau | 2.627042 .2830115 9.28 0.000 2.072349 3.181734 lpop | .8331008 .104886 7.94 0.000 .6275281 1.038674 lxrate1 | -.0142526 .0089082 -1.60 0.110 -.0317124 .0032072 lremote | .1506709 .0345742 4.36 0.000 .0829068 .2184351 ldist | -3.312642 .3482876 -9.51 0.000 -3.995273 -2.630011 lopen | -.0066784 .0321016 -0.21 0.835 -.0695964 .0562397

english | .6838813 .2799103 2.44 0.015 .1352672 1.232496 white | 23.51459 2.98469 7.88 0.000 17.6647 29.36447 lwhitemg | -2.218576 .2767335 -8.02 0.000 -2.760964 -1.676189 _cons | -24.49277 5.257766 -4.66 0.000 -34.7978 -14.18774------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001095 lgdp | -.000644 .003093 lgdpau | -.000774 -.000426 .004874lgdpdfrati~w | .000362 -.001203 .00096 .00206 lpopau | .005283 -.000522 -.016708 .000318 .080096 lpop | -.000354 -.002598 .001457 .000613 -.005949 .011001 lxrate1 | 6.8e-06 .000086 -.000054 .000032 .000753 -.000249 .000079 lremote | -.00036 .001279 -.000753 -.001136 -.000042 -.000848 .000042 ldist | .003784 -.000319 -.003357 5.6e-06 .022765 -.001561 -.000136 lopen | -.000377 -.000245 .000263 -.00049 -.00475 .001263 -.000188 english | -.000993 -.00007 .001011 .000172 -.007287 .001961 .000019 white | .003011 -.006736 .001349 .002401 -.003555 .030251 -.000634 lwhitemg | -.000573 .00025 .000167 -.000134 -.001881 -.003002 .000059 _cons | -.086795 -.01434 .178507 -.007177 -1.03245 -.030456 -.008599

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .001195 ldist | -.000057 .121304 lopen | .000238 -.000799 .001031 english | -.000158 .056273 .000141 .07835 white | -.002866 .022845 .001804 .04215 8.90838 lwhitemg | .00017 -.005093 -.000025 -.003395 -.813565 .076581 _cons | -.002125 -1.44202 .067123 -.485174 -.538926 .120716 27.6441

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 523.63Log likelihood = -550.1327 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5297027 .049178 10.77 0.000 .4333156 .6260898 lgdp | .0216764 .0781099 0.28 0.781 -.1314161 .174769 lgdpau | 2.029664 .7911238 2.57 0.010 .4790898 3.580238lgdpdfrati~w | -.7146355 .2846687 -2.51 0.012 -1.272576 -.156695 lpopau | -9.698923 2.718492 -3.57 0.000 -15.02707 -4.370777 lpop | .3368467 .0960012 3.51 0.000 .1486877 .5250057 lxrate1 | -.1132293 .0256533 -4.41 0.000 -.1635089 -.0629497 lremote | .0203624 .2509119 0.08 0.935 -.4714158 .5121406 ldist | -1.526596 .3144283 -4.86 0.000 -2.142865 -.9103283 lopen | .0527383 .0542073 0.97 0.331 -.053506 .1589826 english | -.1007488 .2176252 -0.46 0.643 -.5272864 .3257887 white | 9.367523 1.07262 8.73 0.000 7.265227 11.46982 lwhitemg | -.8537567 .095054 -8.98 0.000 -1.040059 -.6674543 _cons | 119.2862 25.75623 4.63 0.000 68.80495 169.7675

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002418 lgdp | -.001511 .006101 lgdpau | .000448 -.000592 .625877lgdpdfrati~w | -.001284 .001528 -.018812 .081036

lpopau | -.005885 -.004691 -2.09018 .075215 7.3902 lpop | -.000112 -.004276 -.000446 -.000799 -.001147 .009216 lxrate1 | .000159 -.000167 .000502 .000813 -.0044 -.000411 .000658 lremote | .001515 .00432 -.021065 -.012051 .057014 -.002783 .00039 ldist | .004608 .001447 -.008787 -.003324 -.01305 .003874 .000819 lopen | -.000217 .000584 .000428 -.0004 -.010569 .000679 -1.6e-06 english | -.001965 .001714 .004088 .004548 -.019152 -.000415 .001023 white | .013891 -.026031 .016094 -.00751 -.077438 .029782 .005572 lwhitemg | -.001348 .001332 -.002759 -.000112 .013896 -.001759 -.000464 _cons | .048501 -.018528 18.5533 -.717919 -68.06 -.030207 .055027

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .062957 ldist | .029403 .098865 lopen | .0012 .002119 .002938 english | -.01009 .020062 -.000131 .047361 white | .019338 .002828 -.001242 .01624 1.15051 lwhitemg | .000587 .000084 .000064 -.000825 -.097694 .009035 _cons | -1.27059 -.873998 .113526 .0629 .633571 -.152659 663.383

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1299.13Log likelihood = -341.9108 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0480412 .0198782 2.42 0.016 .0090808 .0870017 lgdp | .2245612 .0581363 3.86 0.000 .1106162 .3385063 lgdpau | -.2260998 .3163364 -0.71 0.475 -.8461078 .3939082lgdpdfrati~w | -.4426966 .2083282 -2.12 0.034 -.8510124 -.0343809 lpopau | 2.484792 1.128531 2.20 0.028 .2729125 4.696671 lpop | .1072203 .0727774 1.47 0.141 -.0354209 .2498614 lxrate1 | -.0763552 .0190207 -4.01 0.000 -.1136351 -.0390754 lremote | -.1421422 .1134534 -1.25 0.210 -.3645068 .0802225 ldist | -1.363512 .226533 -6.02 0.000 -1.807508 -.9195154 lopen | -.0021676 .0259863 -0.08 0.934 -.0530997 .0487646 english | 1.912148 .2181033 8.77 0.000 1.484673 2.339623 white | 9.561086 1.790662 5.34 0.000 6.051453 13.07072 lwhitemg | -.7236281 .183975 -3.93 0.000 -1.084212 -.3630438 _cons | -26.32476 11.48241 -2.29 0.022 -48.82988 -3.819639------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

limmig | .000395 lgdp | -.000414 .00338 lgdpau | .000313 -.001882 .100069lgdpdfrati~w | -.000782 .000105 -.002075 .043401 lpopau | -.001233 .007512 -.342641 .027129 1.27358 lpop | .000115 -.003124 .001216 .000843 -.009336 .005297 lxrate1 | -.000021 .000173 .001282 .000818 -.006047 -.00015 .000362 lremote | .000205 .001022 -.007549 -.003569 .02706 -.000673 -.000372 ldist | .001103 .000444 -.001951 -.002169 -.00165 .002909 -.000308 lopen | .000026 -.000272 -.000157 .001159 -.000822 .000328 -9.7e-06 english | -.000293 -.003123 .004657 .003715 -.018549 .005558 .000427 white | .001994 -.025151 .017118 .001045 -.090977 .02816 .001326 lwhitemg | -.000207 .001495 -.00141 .000153 .007109 -.001943 -.000103 _cons | .006227 -.112343 3.16114 -.405902 -12.3834 .087136 .06934

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .012872 ldist | .001872 .051317 lopen | -.000157 -.000143 .000675 english | -.003939 .017964 -.000197 .047569 white | .010058 -.025764 .00112 .075958 3.20647 lwhitemg | -.000392 .001355 -.000043 -.006916 -.324833 .033847 _cons | -.388477 -.484832 .020607 .021403 1.30621 -.091323 131.846

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 995.94Log likelihood = -844.0835 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1957146 .0666194 2.94 0.003 .0651429 .3262862 lgdp | .4857952 .1130884 4.30 0.000 .264146 .7074445 lgdpau | -2.501687 1.171494 -2.14 0.033 -4.797773 -.2056009lgdpdfrati~w | -1.104017 .4610982 -2.39 0.017 -2.007753 -.200281 lpopau | 5.110111 4.019096 1.27 0.204 -2.767172 12.98739 lpop | .1684585 .1268456 1.33 0.184 -.0801543 .4170714 lxrate1 | -.1598509 .040494 -3.95 0.000 -.2392176 -.0804842 lremote | 1.847081 .2804797 6.59 0.000 1.297351 2.396811 ldist | -1.636691 .4732877 -3.46 0.001 -2.564318 -.7090646 lopen | -.0203633 .0798529 -0.26 0.799 -.176872 .1361455 english | .2913719 .2712811 1.07 0.283 -.2403293 .8230731 white | 11.05667 1.453917 7.60 0.000 8.20705 13.9063 lwhitemg | -.8514838 .1398259 -6.09 0.000 -1.125537 -.57743 _cons | -29.5856 37.69046 -0.78 0.432 -103.4575 44.28635------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004438 lgdp | -.00475 .012789 lgdpau | -.002334 .005867 1.3724lgdpdfrati~w | -.0019 .004563 -.008357 .212612 lpopau | .004181 -.028973 -4.59226 .082047 16.1531 lpop | .001745 -.010763 -.002235 -.002689 .010796 .01609 lxrate1 | .000068 .001649 .000903 .001603 -.010458 -.001521 .00164

lremote | .001303 -.0022 -.030289 -.01958 .074111 .002698 .000899 ldist | .012704 -.011134 -.010373 -.011116 -.00445 .013193 -.002533 lopen | .000276 -.000766 .007776 .001272 -.038729 .002329 -.000365 english | -.006774 .012 .00852 .00218 -.033254 -.008519 -.000596 white | .027043 -.053162 -.036819 -.036425 .042411 .054123 .00517 lwhitemg | -.003041 .003243 -.000196 .000986 .012158 -.002838 -.000807 _cons | -.081937 .347181 40.4672 -1.13755 -147.799 -.279697 .145783

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .078669 ldist | .024181 .224001 lopen | .003219 .004363 .006376 english | -.005139 .027001 -.000884 .073593 white | .119561 .136602 .002106 .032135 2.11387 lwhitemg | -.004497 -.017128 -.000036 -.005355 -.193171 .019551 _cons | -1.34124 -2.00472 .353537 -.000863 -1.89934 -.002779 1420.57

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 564.47Log likelihood = -124.7461 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0419334 .0292303 1.43 0.151 -.0153568 .0992237 lgdp | .1350431 .0588537 2.29 0.022 .0196919 .2503943 lgdpau | .4154734 .406972 1.02 0.307 -.382177 1.213124lgdpdfrati~w | .3591237 .1817332 1.98 0.048 .0029332 .7153143 lpopau | 2.411233 1.438353 1.68 0.094 -.4078879 5.230353 lpop | .3027842 .0795478 3.81 0.000 .1468734 .4586949 lxrate1 | -.0270866 .0168322 -1.61 0.108 -.0600772 .005904 lremote | -.0325034 .1285759 -0.25 0.800 -.2845076 .2195007 ldist | -2.107418 .423082 -4.98 0.000 -2.936643 -1.278193 lopen | .0453062 .0354257 1.28 0.201 -.024127 .1147394 english | .9204312 .1899023 4.85 0.000 .5482294 1.292633 white | 15.82543 1.193274 13.26 0.000 13.48666 18.16421 lwhitemg | -1.339076 .1109062 -12.07 0.000 -1.556448 -1.121704 _cons | -38.31974 14.81266 -2.59 0.010 -67.35202 -9.287468------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000854 lgdp | -.000613 .003464 lgdpau | -.000524 -.000066 .165626lgdpdfrati~w | -.000696 .000659 -.000182 .033027 lpopau | .001147 .001201 -.556747 .014714 2.06886 lpop | -.000162 -.002578 .000489 .000679 -.004723 .006328 lxrate1 | .000055 .000084 .000272 .000555 -.002859 -.000102 .000283 lremote | .00085 .002105 -.00745 -.003595 .021885 -.00169 .000051 ldist | .002414 -.004064 -.009962 -.007522 .001394 .009252 .000136 lopen | -.000039 -.000043 .000425 .000265 -.004499 .000479 -.000041 english | -.001332 -.000968 .003159 .00307 -.011942 .004846 .000231 white | .004041 -.01662 .03171 -.002475 -.274778 .024778 .003753 lwhitemg | -.0005 .000928 -.003261 .000112 .027364 -.001874 -.0004 _cons | -.023256 -.032107 5.04561 -.194311 -19.8809 -.050071 .036554

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016532 ldist | .016046 .178998 lopen | .000055 .000167 .001255 english | -.004896 .007949 .000121 .036063 white | -.005796 -.019286 -.000373 .045018 1.4239 lwhitemg | .000667 .002674 .000076 -.003751 -.129267 .0123 _cons | -.484428 -1.67625 .05568 .021914 3.8987 -.386558 219.415

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 247.17Log likelihood = 163.4899 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0087638 .0197722 0.44 0.658 -.0299889 .0475165 lgdp | .2611581 .0499624 5.23 0.000 .1632336 .3590826 lgdpau | -.2663664 .3503282 -0.76 0.447 -.9529971 .4202644lgdpdfrati~w | -.1211646 .143682 -0.84 0.399 -.4027762 .160447 lpopau | 3.783955 1.260327 3.00 0.003 1.313758 6.254151 lpop | -.1144716 .0608698 -1.88 0.060 -.2337743 .0048311 lxrate1 | -.1006372 .0153811 -6.54 0.000 -.1307836 -.0704909 lremote | .3507659 .1300913 2.70 0.007 .0957915 .6057402 ldist | -1.432405 .2821354 -5.08 0.000 -1.98538 -.8794294 lopen | .0134687 .0281795 0.48 0.633 -.0417621 .0686995 english | .0959526 .1609782 0.60 0.551 -.2195589 .411464 white | 9.370388 2.169141 4.32 0.000 5.118949 13.62183 lwhitemg | -.775698 .2101728 -3.69 0.000 -1.187629 -.3637668 _cons | -48.30921 13.19595 -3.66 0.000 -74.17279 -22.44563------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000391 lgdp | -.000349 .002496 lgdpau | .000137 -.000695 .12273lgdpdfrati~w | -.000441 .000524 -.005599 .020645

lpopau | -.001953 .005049 -.418665 .02488 1.58843 lpop | .000018 -.002225 .000042 -.000208 -.001596 .003705 lxrate1 | -4.8e-06 -.000011 .000451 .000471 -.004135 -.000104 .000237 lremote | .000378 .001855 -.00763 -.001207 .025939 -.001589 -.000069 ldist | .0017 -.001196 -.002775 -.001733 .002165 .00385 -.000036 lopen | -1.9e-06 -.000019 .000266 .000172 -.002129 .000176 -.000027 english | -.00042 -.001596 .000426 .000423 .015649 .003818 .00024 white | .002738 -.015455 .019632 -.004917 -.153875 .015354 .002173 lwhitemg | -.000318 .001011 -.002264 .00048 .015375 -.00117 -.000156 _cons | .015547 -.089148 3.83649 -.268627 -15.7067 -.006185 .058055

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016924 ldist | .007617 .0796 lopen | .000083 -.000269 .000794

english | -.00146 .013861 -.000377 .025914 white | -.001417 .009939 -.000866 .030543 4.70517 lwhitemg | .000742 -.001953 .000112 -.002718 -.449144 .044173 _cons | -.466839 -.833864 .028302 -.420239 2.0322 -.185571 174.133

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 545.00Log likelihood = -667.374 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2143464 .0550011 3.90 0.000 .1065461 .3221467 lgdp | .8435416 .105723 7.98 0.000 .6363283 1.050755 lgdpau | -.6281468 .6791841 -0.92 0.355 -1.959323 .7030296lgdpdfrati~w | -.3753001 .2883501 -1.30 0.193 -.9404558 .1898556 lpopau | 3.049642 2.342231 1.30 0.193 -1.541046 7.640331 lpop | -.3706327 .1451571 -2.55 0.011 -.6551354 -.08613 lxrate1 | -.1585981 .0312391 -5.08 0.000 -.2198256 -.0973707 lremote | .2747808 .2313569 1.19 0.235 -.1786705 .7282321 ldist | -2.802904 .6596133 -4.25 0.000 -4.095722 -1.510086 lopen | .0262242 .0759906 0.35 0.730 -.1227146 .175163 english | -.6324162 .411377 -1.54 0.124 -1.4387 .1738679 white | 19.22584 4.081461 4.71 0.000 11.22632 27.22536 lwhitemg | -1.779362 .3724724 -4.78 0.000 -2.509395 -1.04933 _cons | -20.14702 22.92452 -0.88 0.379 -65.07826 24.78422------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003025 lgdp | -.002853 .011177 lgdpau | .000654 .000378 .461291lgdpdfrati~w | -.001679 .003837 -.008602 .083146 lpopau | -.005487 -.007516 -1.53668 .05383 5.48605 lpop | 7.4e-07 -.008199 -.001491 -.001714 -.004116 .021071 lxrate1 | .000204 .000582 .001805 .001218 -.009975 -.000769 .000976 lremote | .000602 .003507 -.018543 -.012743 .032669 -.002813 .000735 ldist | .012 .005764 -.004574 -.002697 -.044621 .005192 .000886 lopen | .000365 -.000851 -.00016 .000677 -.016721 .002348 -.000162 english | -.006051 .00286 .002111 .005074 -.00948 .016206 .000197 white | .009395 -.037751 .12483 .026343 -.311651 .07635 .004181 lwhitemg | -.00144 .001843 -.013172 -.003819 .0371 -.005706 -.000545 _cons | .00546 -.084251 13.6095 -.670529 -50.3451 -.065054 .096444

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .053526 ldist | .026584 .43509 lopen | .001087 .003096 .005775 english | -.003456 .106282 -.002025 .169231 white | .023416 .233594 .007544 .255127 16.6583 lwhitemg | .000661 -.035298 -.000531 -.028361 -1.4933 .138736 _cons | -.806225 -3.80825 .227492 -1.21014 -1.06469 .1291 525.534

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr

> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1158.13Log likelihood = -559.7997 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1734618 .0458367 3.78 0.000 .0836236 .2633001 lgdp | .5496442 .1021659 5.38 0.000 .3494027 .7498857 lgdpau | .7186944 .6309217 1.14 0.255 -.5178893 1.955278lgdpdfrati~w | .0519513 .2766852 0.19 0.851 -.4903418 .5942443 lpopau | -3.226773 2.184496 -1.48 0.140 -7.508307 1.054761 lpop | .6311758 .1341352 4.71 0.000 .3682758 .8940759 lxrate1 | -.084919 .0290482 -2.92 0.003 -.1418524 -.0279855 lremote | -.3555428 .2285498 -1.56 0.120 -.8034922 .0924066 ldist | -2.166807 .4427945 -4.89 0.000 -3.034669 -1.298946 lopen | -.0476484 .0679883 -0.70 0.483 -.180903 .0856062 english | 1.382547 .3302913 4.19 0.000 .7351876 2.029906 white | 24.49965 3.102807 7.90 0.000 18.41826 30.58104 lwhitemg | -2.319032 .2752367 -8.43 0.000 -2.858486 -1.779578 _cons | 38.97954 21.07558 1.85 0.064 -2.32784 80.28693------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002101 lgdp | -.001709 .010438 lgdpau | -.002293 .005287 .398062lgdpdfrati~w | -.001911 .003315 -.012413 .076555 lpopau | .00687 -.035494 -1.33219 .041682 4.77202 lpop | .000092 -.009246 -.003686 -.002635 .017681 .017992 lxrate1 | .000038 .000674 .000634 .001312 -.006509 -.000835 .000844 lremote | .000543 .00428 -.016173 -.016712 .035598 -.00357 .000444 ldist | .00705 -.003951 -.009824 -.002795 .001528 .017992 .000242 lopen | .000183 -.000034 .00032 .002125 -.011326 .001303 -.000037 english | -.003615 .001159 .006435 .00646 -.027554 .001425 .000706 white | .004673 -.03774 .017955 -.015454 -.024736 .064114 .003728 lwhitemg | -.000799 .001292 -.003273 -.00015 .011975 -.004215 -.000393 _cons | -.096935 .36649 11.8515 -.295272 -44.0934 -.409957 .079024

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .052235 ldist | .00561 .196067 lopen | .001274 .001756 .004622 english | -.009926 .059949 -.001183 .109092 white | .024355 .046235 .004809 .017734 9.62741 lwhitemg | .000288 -.007674 -.000495 .000407 -.838452 .075755 _cons | -.701485 -1.92354 .131615 -.262821 -.929095 .001352 444.18

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1904.11Log likelihood = -741.2018 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0804225 .0388639 2.07 0.039 .0042505 .1565944 lgdp | 1.035117 .1040945 9.94 0.000 .8310956 1.239138 lgdpau | .6577215 .7473442 0.88 0.379 -.8070463 2.122489lgdpdfrati~w | -.1407839 .3109925 -0.45 0.651 -.750318 .4687502 lpopau | 4.276922 2.592199 1.65 0.099 -.8036949 9.357539 lpop | -.5303925 .15095 -3.51 0.000 -.826249 -.2345359 lxrate1 | -.1651914 .026011 -6.35 0.000 -.216172 -.1142109 lremote | -.3062163 .1993556 -1.54 0.125 -.6969461 .0845135 ldist | -1.761763 .7596518 -2.32 0.020 -3.250654 -.2728733 lopen | -.0434489 .0784611 -0.55 0.580 -.1972299 .1103321 english | -.0177858 .3407468 -0.05 0.958 -.6856373 .6500657 white | 27.78525 2.661503 10.44 0.000 22.5688 33.0017 lwhitemg | -2.587481 .2579154 -10.03 0.000 -3.092986 -2.081976 _cons | -80.98837 25.71652 -3.15 0.002 -131.3918 -30.58492------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00151 lgdp | -.00241 .010836 lgdpau | -.000826 .002099 .558523lgdpdfrati~w | -.002694 .004306 -.016081 .096716 lpopau | -.004854 -.010821 -1.86474 .077313 6.7195 lpop | .00213 -.013348 -.005434 -.003606 .029647 .022786 lxrate1 | -.000012 .000554 .001143 .001013 -.010933 -.00099 .000677 lremote | .00173 .004355 -.017428 -.007644 .010019 -.003458 .000346 ldist | .008326 .010182 -.030178 -.011595 -.04845 .014764 .001284 lopen | .000311 -.00066 -.002001 .004606 -.00501 .001035 -.000276 english | -.00165 .004483 .004762 .004797 -.012773 -.002218 .001289 white | .020689 -.064425 .037213 -.036074 -.389177 .077034 .008448 lwhitemg | -.001846 .0045 -.004835 .002785 .043003 -.00555 -.000814 _cons | .023428 -.039395 16.7737 -.810225 -62.4346 -.519473 .135153

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .039743 ldist | .075495 .577071 lopen | .001995 .003277 .006156 english | .001103 .063798 -.001326 .116108 white | .035276 .115105 -.007129 .200812 7.0836 lwhitemg | -.002503 -.017521 .000917 -.022673 -.676106 .06652 _cons | -.823177 -5.08746 .085231 -.610397 4.19141 -.400306 661.339

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 501.83Log likelihood = -570.293 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4217207 .0595029 7.09 0.000 .305097 .5383443 lgdp | .2764051 .0996205 2.77 0.006 .0811525 .4716577 lgdpau | 1.148801 .7540377 1.52 0.128 -.3290854 2.626688lgdpdfrati~w | -.5698682 .3209699 -1.78 0.076 -1.198958 .0592212 lpopau | -4.608762 2.604714 -1.77 0.077 -9.713908 .4963834 lpop | .294458 .1058599 2.78 0.005 .0869764 .5019396 lxrate1 | -.0748851 .0351919 -2.13 0.033 -.1438599 -.0059103 lremote | -.0446037 .2333095 -0.19 0.848 -.5018819 .4126745 ldist | -1.139516 .5760839 -1.98 0.048 -2.268619 -.010412 lopen | .0921576 .0729733 1.26 0.207 -.0508675 .2351827 english | -.0124852 .2837837 -0.04 0.965 -.5686911 .5437207 white | 19.46241 2.121505 9.17 0.000 15.30434 23.62048 lwhitemg | -1.855031 .2006841 -9.24 0.000 -2.248365 -1.461698 _cons | 49.37894 24.62984 2.00 0.045 1.105333 97.65255------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003541 lgdp | -.003192 .009924 lgdpau | -.002334 .006416 .568573lgdpdfrati~w | -.002599 .006029 -.011072 .103022

lpopau | .005106 -.03564 -1.9012 .055417 6.78454 lpop | .001013 -.006275 -.004141 -.00407 .010579 .011206 lxrate1 | .000368 .000496 -.000172 .000947 -.004345 -.000696 .001238 lremote | .000272 .003413 -.009434 -.017466 -.004584 .000757 .001512 ldist | .011372 .00075 -.005656 -.011018 -.073523 .008119 .000583 lopen | -.000341 .000832 .00216 .000068 -.023472 .001738 -.000141 english | -.004069 .006359 .00563 .002487 -.024272 .000606 -.001644 white | .022436 -.041111 -.000305 -.06991 .088794 .017248 -.000714 lwhitemg | -.002623 .002405 -.001739 .004159 .002662 -.000597 -.000274 _cons | -.097769 .272359 16.7053 -.533762 -61.4145 -.187385 .0522

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .054433 ldist | .037523 .331873 lopen | .00253 .00368 .005325 english | .006111 .088083 -.000059 .080533 white | .108215 .203167 -.007332 .142505 4.50078 lwhitemg | -.007476 -.029504 .000686 -.016498 -.416522 .040274 _cons | -.591389 -2.33135 .235926 -.780655 -3.82124 .32083 606.629

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1455.23Log likelihood = -254.5511 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0003705 .0225042 0.02 0.987 -.0437368 .0444779 lgdp | .4492014 .083543 5.38 0.000 .2854601 .6129427 lgdpau | -.2725458 .5164638 -0.53 0.598 -1.284796 .7397047

lgdpdfrati~w | .1140388 .2327527 0.49 0.624 -.3421481 .5702257 lpopau | 1.155597 1.784182 0.65 0.517 -2.341334 4.652529 lpop | -.2660764 .1171843 -2.27 0.023 -.4957534 -.0363994 lxrate1 | -.0474555 .0239718 -1.98 0.048 -.0944394 -.0004716 lremote | -.0525455 .1731502 -0.30 0.762 -.3919136 .2868226 ldist | -3.959575 .5194261 -7.62 0.000 -4.977631 -2.941518 lopen | .0036456 .0534824 0.07 0.946 -.101178 .1084692 english | -.0519174 .3025169 -0.17 0.864 -.6448396 .5410048 white | 15.458 2.618776 5.90 0.000 10.3253 20.59071 lwhitemg | -1.106694 .2811263 -3.94 0.000 -1.657691 -.5556964 _cons | 21.63973 17.77192 1.22 0.223 -13.19258 56.47205------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000506 lgdp | -.000678 .006979 lgdpau | .000083 -.001379 .266735lgdpdfrati~w | -.000799 .00201 -.00956 .054174 lpopau | -.001283 -.00204 -.891717 .051247 3.1833 lpop | .000271 -.006385 -.000443 -.000847 -.000901 .013732 lxrate1 | -.000027 .000183 .001456 .001203 -.006926 -.000613 .000575 lremote | .000139 .00263 -.016999 -.004591 .048335 -.003269 -.000171 ldist | .002247 .003742 -.009573 -.001619 -.016444 .01806 -.000389 lopen | .00005 -.000165 -.001866 .001142 .001325 .000931 -.000045 english | -.001037 .000289 .00243 .001573 -.003563 .004679 .000736 white | .004542 -.038555 .052239 -.008326 -.331806 .063572 .002651 lwhitemg | -.000476 .001659 -.006456 .00016 .04047 -.005127 -.000068 _cons | .006012 -.04166 8.07477 -.632642 -29.6534 -.189139 .083634

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .029981 ldist | .013815 .269803 lopen | .000218 .00097 .00286 english | .000072 .060291 -.000023 .091516 white | -.005257 .151697 -.00244 .109178 6.85799 lwhitemg | .003089 -.019722 .000334 -.010938 -.72589 .079032 _cons | -.754103 -2.56728 .005093 -.674875 2.55084 -.294837 315.841

.

.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Venezuela

. drop if ccode==338620(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491109.6 1561209 7700 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33454.14 117040.8 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.78e+11 9.70e+11 1.63e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6924 16.79942 102.812 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.94e+07 1.54e+08 1.02e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1041.259 10901.86 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6735.724 4146.073 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13347.92 3525.766 14215 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7103397 .3893645 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052324 .1795413 1.017407 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404845.7 1597601 3226.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14887.91 27129.92 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.36e+11 1.00e+12 1.00e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8189 17.14267 101.7094 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.33e+07 1.65e+08 1.03e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1180.856 11681.92 19.96485 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7161.554 4116.756 6930 1293 39620 dist | 870 13175.08 3412.821 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 157.4755 242.2734 47.025 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7180703 .410778 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.043859 .1842319 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7804.16Log likelihood = -527.0818 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3394365 .0302394 11.22 0.000 .2801684 .3987045 lgdp | 1.177734 .0330818 35.60 0.000 1.112895 1.242573 lgdpau | .1112637 .5958916 0.19 0.852 -1.056662 1.27919lgdpdfrati~w | -.9546554 .2448723 -3.90 0.000 -1.434596 -.4747145 lpopau | -2.447775 2.055664 -1.19 0.234 -6.476802 1.581253 lpop | .0317399 .0407488 0.78 0.436 -.0481262 .1116059 lxrate1 | -.1291357 .0161371 -8.00 0.000 -.1607639 -.0975075 lremote | -.4116042 .0751896 -5.47 0.000 -.5589731 -.2642353 ldist | -2.035484 .1561509 -13.04 0.000 -2.341534 -1.729433 lopen | .2721655 .0550827 4.94 0.000 .1642054 .3801255 english | .8383806 .1249482 6.71 0.000 .5934867 1.083275 white | 4.443985 .5753345 7.72 0.000 3.31635 5.57162 lwhitemg | -.4177742 .0508094 -8.22 0.000 -.5173587 -.3181897 _cons | 39.3662 18.95255 2.08 0.038 2.219882 76.51252------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000914 lgdp | -.000298 .001094 lgdpau | -.001029 .001415 .355087lgdpdfrati~w | -.000766 .000068 -.009385 .059962 lpopau | .002074 -.008128 -1.19889 .049036 4.22575 lpop | -.000132 -.000743 .000104 .000279 -.000451 .00166 lxrate1 | .000082 .000155 .000348 .000196 -.002707 -.00008 .00026 lremote | .000481 .000216 -.000366 -.001856 -.004251 -.000319 .000098 ldist | .001638 .000911 .000215 -.001515 -.015619 -.00002 .001548 lopen | -.000171 .00061 .002431 .000736 -.016659 .000338 .000181 english | -.001117 .002581 .002972 .002058 -.010782 -.001102 .000601 white | .00428 -.001273 .00297 -.009913 -.026544 .004709 .000724 lwhitemg | -.000526 .000119 -.000231 .000935 .00271 -.000362 -.000082 _cons | -.024345 .073628 10.555 -.601202 -38.3401 .000099 .016208

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005653 ldist | .005626 .024383 lopen | .001374 .001225 .003034 english | -.002822 .002956 -.000558 .015612 white | -.001411 .002086 -.000826 .005487 .33101

lwhitemg | .00019 -.000577 6.5e-06 -.000299 -.028835 .002582 _cons | -.021353 -.061842 .171374 .049675 .269829 -.027678 359.199

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

Wald chi2(13) = 56376.59Log likelihood = -958.0869 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0435001 .0134818 3.23 0.001 .0170763 .0699239 lgdp | 1.673506 .0493527 33.91 0.000 1.576776 1.770235 lgdpau | .9897992 .3518257 2.81 0.005 .3002336 1.679365lgdpdfrati~w | -.4577948 .145908 -3.14 0.002 -.7437693 -.1718203 lpopau | -6.768592 1.185668 -5.71 0.000 -9.092459 -4.444726 lpop | -.4125858 .0805647 -5.12 0.000 -.5704897 -.254682 lxrate1 | -.1213621 .0197494 -6.15 0.000 -.1600702 -.0826539 lremote | -.9232369 .0947686 -9.74 0.000 -1.10898 -.7374938 ldist | -3.339796 .1668601 -20.02 0.000 -3.666836 -3.012756 lopen | -.0595973 .0261576 -2.28 0.023 -.1108651 -.0083294 english | .9884723 .0875366 11.29 0.000 .8169036 1.160041 white | 4.55354 .7509653 6.06 0.000 3.081675 6.025405 lwhitemg | -.4694807 .0716937 -6.55 0.000 -.6099977 -.3289636 _cons | 99.59354 11.09781 8.97 0.000 77.84223 121.3448------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000182 lgdp | -.000248 .002436 lgdpau | -.001192 .001468 .123781lgdpdfrati~w | -.000559 .000209 -.011618 .021289 lpopau | .004704 -.006354 -.407788 .024004 1.40581 lpop | .000144 -.003633 -.001168 .000669 .002634 .006491 lxrate1 | -.000026 .000232 -.000127 .000426 -.002753 -.000223 .00039 lremote | .000398 .001068 -.006073 -.003418 .020221 -.001711 .000097 ldist | .00048 .000141 -.005685 -.001701 .010126 .001258 .000667 lopen | .000042 -.000048 -.000907 .000869 .003312 .000194 -.000067 english | -.000425 .000418 .00284 .00247 -.019569 .000302 .001067 white | .001259 -.013468 -.009081 -.000833 .037573 .019602 -.000853 lwhitemg | -.000105 .000855 .000424 4.6e-06 -.002739 -.001149 .000137 _cons | -.051721 .058249 3.62667 -.081204 -12.8321 -.029803 .038355

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .008981 ldist | .00499 .027842 lopen | .00058 .000154 .000684 english | -.002138 .003187 -.000389 .007663 white | -.000978 -.024423 .001513 -.002185 .563949 lwhitemg | .000493 .002912 -.000127 .000385 -.052687 .00514 _cons | -.298346 -.357146 -.040237 .219404 -.144084 .000381 123.161

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7239.22Log likelihood = -918.4864 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0780498 .0201386 3.88 0.000 .0385788 .1175207 lgdp | 1.780447 .0658992 27.02 0.000 1.651287 1.909607 lgdpau | .1982457 .4842405 0.41 0.682 -.7508483 1.14734lgdpdfrati~w | -.4599928 .1948244 -2.36 0.018 -.8418417 -.078144 lpopau | -3.377497 1.676069 -2.02 0.044 -6.662532 -.0924627 lpop | -.6056564 .0808363 -7.49 0.000 -.7640926 -.4472202 lxrate1 | -.1394673 .0254687 -5.48 0.000 -.1893851 -.0895496 lremote | -.4062344 .1236726 -3.28 0.001 -.6486282 -.1638406 ldist | -4.12989 .3283952 -12.58 0.000 -4.773533 -3.486247 lopen | .0426958 .0395203 1.08 0.280 -.0347625 .1201541 english | 1.336973 .1483011 9.02 0.000 1.046309 1.627638 white | 10.4326 1.91712 5.44 0.000 6.675113 14.19008 lwhitemg | -.896034 .1909338 -4.69 0.000 -1.270257 -.5218107 _cons | 67.3709 15.96045 4.22 0.000 36.08901 98.6528------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000406 lgdp | -.000614 .004343 lgdpau | -.001456 .002596 .234489lgdpdfrati~w | -.000706 .001896 -.013553 .037957 lpopau | .004366 -.016596 -.784127 .039481 2.80921 lpop | .000413 -.003806 -.000814 -.001496 .003988 .006535 lxrate1 | 7.3e-06 .000439 -.000287 .000982 -.004088 -.000627 .000649 lremote | -.000029 -.000555 -.006897 -.001259 .021175 -.000878 .000039 ldist | .001887 .007085 -.010895 -.001897 -.010718 -.001126 .001036 lopen | .000087 -.000568 .000062 .001789 .000186 .000931 -.000211 english | -.000844 .001692 .004581 .001932 -.036114 .003787 .001713 white | .000278 -.027995 .006347 -.000204 -.005679 .026109 .00368 lwhitemg | -.000033 .001441 -.001538 -.000373 .005897 -.001654 -.00039 _cons | -.045641 .108364 6.99688 -.32643 -25.8655 -.044227 .061474

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .015295 ldist | .006555 .107843 lopen | .000542 -.000745 .001562 english | -.004713 .004396 -.001392 .021993 white | .011443 -.142019 .0023 .027908 3.67535 lwhitemg | .000702 .011333 -.00011 -.003034 -.35903 .036456 _cons | -.340552 -.774287 -.004636 .370696 1.36227 -.175311 254.736

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2329.37Log likelihood = -1078.292 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .079772 .0398981 2.00 0.046 .0015732 .1579709 lgdp | 1.029693 .0782645 13.16 0.000 .8762971 1.183088 lgdpau | -.1205508 .7347495 -0.16 0.870 -1.560633 1.319532lgdpdfrati~w | -.6479723 .3219161 -2.01 0.044 -1.278916 -.0170283 lpopau | -.3543926 2.541545 -0.14 0.889 -5.335729 4.626944 lpop | .0009857 .0998296 0.01 0.992 -.1946768 .1966482 lxrate1 | -.1110502 .0313457 -3.54 0.000 -.1724866 -.0496137 lremote | .6425998 .2110118 3.05 0.002 .2290242 1.056175 ldist | -1.827645 .3266121 -5.60 0.000 -2.467793 -1.187498 lopen | .349714 .0795789 4.39 0.000 .1937423 .5056857 english | 1.596791 .2347828 6.80 0.000 1.136625 2.056957 white | 2.458359 2.150171 1.14 0.253 -1.755898 6.672617 lwhitemg | .0795471 .1874582 0.42 0.671 -.2878643 .4469584 _cons | .6967187 24.54946 0.03 0.977 -47.41934 48.81278------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001592 lgdp | -.001502 .006125 lgdpau | -.001306 .0005 .539857lgdpdfrati~w | -.000215 .001329 -.000964 .10363 lpopau | .002704 -.005656 -1.81802 .016744 6.45945 lpop | .00028 -.005737 .001402 -.00143 -.007208 .009966 lxrate1 | .000067 .000847 .000236 .001874 -.005089 -.001062 .000983 lremote | .001106 .000471 -.0247 -.016018 .073795 -.000023 -.000549 ldist | .003732 -.007024 -.017784 -.005791 .067607 .010178 -.000339 lopen | .000322 -.001335 .006483 .00014 -.036416 .003048 -.000237 english | -.003411 .00122 .008405 .006372 -.010835 -.000728 .001256 white | .00506 -.023407 .155624 .017984 -.655419 .020529 .001821 lwhitemg | -.000656 .000935 -.015155 -.002982 .065611 -.000195 -.000282 _cons | -.032978 .100779 16.3592 -.176881 -60.5891 -.038695 .078191

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .044526 ldist | .016145 .106675 lopen | .001332 -.00068 .006333 english | -.012645 .013004 -.001987 .055123 white | .027224 -.026384 .006075 .032218 4.62323 lwhitemg | -.000059 .00624 -.000282 -.002236 -.39239 .035141 _cons | -1.11467 -1.83743 .415123 -.079151 6.95949 -.762646 602.676

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 64338.41Log likelihood = -898.5287 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0239879 .0152644 1.57 0.116 -.0059299 .0539057 lgdp | 1.709183 .0377838 45.24 0.000 1.635128 1.783238 lgdpau | .6921775 .4364782 1.59 0.113 -.163304 1.547659lgdpdfrati~w | -.1907657 .1482024 -1.29 0.198 -.481237 .0997056 lpopau | -6.834468 1.476015 -4.63 0.000 -9.727405 -3.941532 lpop | -.2855608 .0750968 -3.80 0.000 -.4327477 -.1383738 lxrate1 | -.0389934 .0184769 -2.11 0.035 -.0752076 -.0027793 lremote | -.5977375 .1544513 -3.87 0.000 -.9004565 -.2950185 ldist | -2.949937 .148713 -19.84 0.000 -3.241409 -2.658465 lopen | -.0254268 .0332741 -0.76 0.445 -.0906428 .0397893 english | .4376244 .1296892 3.37 0.001 .1834382 .6918106 white | 3.560234 .7957043 4.47 0.000 2.000683 5.119786 lwhitemg | -.3330006 .0734504 -4.53 0.000 -.4769608 -.1890404 _cons | 98.77521 13.6761 7.22 0.000 71.97054 125.5799------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000233 lgdp | -.00017 .001428 lgdpau | -.000824 .000982 .190513lgdpdfrati~w | -.00037 .000886 -.008549 .021964 lpopau | .002639 -.003566 -.632926 .01432 2.17862 lpop | .000047 -.002483 -.000038 -.000308 -.002464 .00564 lxrate1 | .000021 .000131 -.000236 .000516 -.001951 -.00012 .000341 lremote | .000069 -.000214 -.016597 -.002445 .058225 -.000964 -.000158 ldist | .00081 -.001062 -.001742 .001109 -.008643 .004117 .000976 lopen | 4.3e-06 .000126 -.000728 .001532 .002137 .000077 -.000051 english | -.000614 .002215 .004628 .002785 -.021585 -.003787 .001034 white | .000459 -.009355 -.015947 -.001288 .026223 .019021 .002566 lwhitemg | -.000112 .000634 .00003 -.000145 .002673 -.001442 -.000253 _cons | -.028053 .051262 5.65447 -.038326 -19.8691 -.019877 .027678

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .023855 ldist | -.002977 .022116 lopen | .001295 -.00006 .001107 english | -.004823 .003491 -.000869 .016819 white | .01717 .00896 .00058 -.012163 .633145 lwhitemg | .000731 -.001271 -2.5e-06 .000798 -.056262 .005395 _cons | -.688527 -.04476 -.032067 .248726 -.346436 -.02996 187.036

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7840.48Log likelihood = -948.9727 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .223249 .0314623 7.10 0.000 .161584 .2849139 lgdp | 1.612237 .0704744 22.88 0.000 1.47411 1.750364 lgdpau | -.1736868 .563523 -0.31 0.758 -1.278172 .930798lgdpdfrati~w | -.1768518 .2508171 -0.71 0.481 -.6684443 .3147407 lpopau | -.8619509 1.977136 -0.44 0.663 -4.737067 3.013165 lpop | -.5173871 .0803973 -6.44 0.000 -.6749629 -.3598113 lxrate1 | -.1262993 .0272395 -4.64 0.000 -.1796877 -.0729109 lremote | -.299574 .1177272 -2.54 0.011 -.5303152 -.0688329 ldist | -2.980236 .3308862 -9.01 0.000 -3.628761 -2.331711 lopen | .1093711 .0485733 2.25 0.024 .0141692 .204573 english | .9035232 .1393325 6.48 0.000 .6304365 1.17661 white | 10.42334 1.878041 5.55 0.000 6.742443 14.10423 lwhitemg | -.9227678 .186904 -4.94 0.000 -1.289093 -.5564428 _cons | 24.88903 18.93494 1.31 0.189 -12.22276 62.00082------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00099 lgdp | -.00142 .004967 lgdpau | -.001599 .002421 .317558lgdpdfrati~w | -.001243 .002859 -.019617 .062909 lpopau | .004712 -.01662 -1.07531 .075902 3.90907 lpop | .000814 -.004173 -.000542 -.001929 .006105 .006464 lxrate1 | .000075 .000331 -.000439 .001214 -.004015 -.000609 .000742 lremote | .000026 -.000452 -.003413 -.000482 .00408 -.000801 .000084 ldist | .004622 .00093 -.011822 -.003006 -.010903 .001458 .001172 lopen | .000128 -.000721 .001871 .00171 -.009212 .001375 -.000292 english | -.001561 .003285 .001343 .004141 -.014434 .000514 .001738 white | -.000462 -.02432 .015653 .001929 .004984 .0185 .003994 lwhitemg | .000083 .001364 -.002088 -.000608 .002873 -.001138 -.000394 _cons | -.065058 .165274 9.63649 -.808552 -36.4149 -.101955 .063804

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .01386 ldist | .007897 .109486 lopen | .000386 -.001159 .002359 english | -.004398 -.00184 -.001741 .019414 white | .010876 -.164618 .003371 .016791 3.52704 lwhitemg | .000559 .015076 -.000233 -.002094 -.345262 .034933 _cons | -.152791 -.689698 .106654 .169983 1.20585 -.152092 358.532

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8515.61Log likelihood = -1089.505 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0249357 .0169751 1.47 0.142 -.0083349 .0582063 lgdp | 1.387456 .0504305 27.51 0.000 1.288614 1.486298 lgdpau | .3329649 .5485824 0.61 0.544 -.7422369 1.408167lgdpdfrati~w | -.033812 .1834191 -0.18 0.854 -.3933068 .3256828 lpopau | -4.472368 1.864218 -2.40 0.016 -8.126168 -.8185687 lpop | .0439413 .0729918 0.60 0.547 -.09912 .1870026 lxrate1 | -.0771803 .0211519 -3.65 0.000 -.1186372 -.0357234 lremote | -.9629527 .1623029 -5.93 0.000 -1.28106 -.6448449 ldist | -3.379052 .2110205 -16.01 0.000 -3.792645 -2.96546 lopen | .1119386 .0463466 2.42 0.016 .0211009 .2027762 english | 2.336652 .1455245 16.06 0.000 2.051429 2.621875 white | 3.56035 1.159231 3.07 0.002 1.288299 5.8324 lwhitemg | -.1880797 .0974021 -1.93 0.053 -.3789843 .0028249 _cons | 77.11041 17.72945 4.35 0.000 42.36132 111.8595------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000288 lgdp | -.00047 .002543 lgdpau | -.000253 .000222 .300943lgdpdfrati~w | -.000606 .00079 .001559 .033643 lpopau | -.000804 .001493 -.998989 -.002902 3.47531 lpop | .000217 -.002836 -.000297 7.1e-06 -.002826 .005328 lxrate1 | -.000029 .000248 .00048 .000806 -.00289 -.000444 .000447 lremote | .000232 .000568 -.017606 -.00249 .055735 -.001016 -.000345 ldist | .000643 .000186 -.011716 -.002085 .027544 .000104 .000165 lopen | .000084 -.000374 -.000396 .001994 .001346 .000823 -.000137 english | -.000896 .00089 .003298 .002391 -.011461 .001071 .001156 white | .000416 -.012723 -.002253 -.001411 .002501 .022622 -.000239 lwhitemg | -.000011 .00065 -.000968 .000185 .00293 -.001421 .000086 _cons | .018766 -.048891 8.94025 -.003163 -32.1817 .041864 .035386

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .026342 ldist | .017181 .04453 lopen | .001108 .000211 .002148 english | -.004205 .003417 -.001565 .021177 white | .005323 -.010162 .000925 .031897 1.34382 lwhitemg | .001196 .003125 .00001 -.002815 -.109298 .009487 _cons | -.85168 -.735555 -.028584 .061751 -.018561 -.055467 314.334

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 692.76Log likelihood = -553.2605 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2202177 .0361291 6.10 0.000 .149406 .2910294 lgdp | .2210152 .0667668 3.31 0.001 .0901547 .3518756 lgdpau | -1.346777 .2438936 -5.52 0.000 -1.8248 -.8687547lgdpdfrati~w | -.477742 .1469493 -3.25 0.001 -.7657574 -.1897266 lpopau | 2.837023 .8180536 3.47 0.001 1.233668 4.440379 lpop | .5503914 .0841337 6.54 0.000 .3854922 .7152905 lxrate1 | -.1755354 .023674 -7.41 0.000 -.2219355 -.1291352 lremote | -.0289745 .0658384 -0.44 0.660 -.1580153 .1000664 ldist | -1.357548 .355019 -3.82 0.000 -2.053372 -.6617233 lopen | .0610743 .0267582 2.28 0.022 .0086293 .1135193 english | .633224 .2063513 3.07 0.002 .2287829 1.037665 white | 9.188092 .6912875 13.29 0.000 7.833193 10.54299 lwhitemg | -.9063 .0692482 -13.09 0.000 -1.042024 -.770576 _cons | -5.810584 7.903175 -0.74 0.462 -21.30052 9.679355------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001305 lgdp | -.001114 .004458 lgdpau | -.000448 .001585 .059484lgdpdfrati~w | -.00021 .001823 .009346 .021594 lpopau | .001858 -.008105 -.190145 -.016944 .669212 lpop | .000054 -.00347 -.002774 -.001715 .002945 .007078 lxrate1 | -.000083 .000454 .003559 .00167 -.011368 -.000534 .00056 lremote | .000154 8.4e-06 -.00255 -.001614 .006133 -.000012 -.000174 ldist | .002134 -.007589 .00098 -.001204 -.025485 .016058 .00017 lopen | -.000022 -.000371 -.00254 -.000419 .006463 .000579 -.000287 english | -.001984 .001543 .008961 .004469 -.040524 .004178 .001436 white | .004969 -.006998 .024112 .010935 -.09712 .012753 .003559 lwhitemg | -.00052 -.000172 -.002539 -.001451 .010171 -.000309 -.000408 _cons | -.024076 .119861 1.58983 .01601 -5.71979 -.158191 .089221

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .004335 ldist | .003455 .126039 lopen | .00014 .000335 .000716 english | -.000479 .013168 -.000735 .042581 white | -.000221 -.022663 -.001762 .046784 .477878 lwhitemg | .000291 .004773 .000256 -.002356 -.04498 .004795 _cons | -.103777 -.931474 -.043072 .192246 1.06163 -.132962 62.4602

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3477.53Log likelihood = -597.7651 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1421442 .0317588 4.48 0.000 .0798982 .2043902

lgdp | .2795893 .0549987 5.08 0.000 .1717938 .3873847 lgdpau | -.1263429 .0652252 -1.94 0.053 -.2541819 .0014961lgdpdfrati~w | -.1400047 .0431117 -3.25 0.001 -.2245019 -.0555074 lpopau | 2.91816 .2690465 10.85 0.000 2.390838 3.445481 lpop | .7868433 .1020662 7.71 0.000 .5867972 .9868894 lxrate1 | -.0140344 .0085137 -1.65 0.099 -.030721 .0026521 lremote | .1632192 .0334067 4.89 0.000 .0977433 .2286951 ldist | -3.188118 .3467615 -9.19 0.000 -3.867759 -2.508478 lopen | -.001868 .0309169 -0.06 0.952 -.062464 .0587281 english | .7644322 .2759179 2.77 0.006 .2236431 1.305221 white | 24.30748 2.929832 8.30 0.000 18.56511 30.04984 lwhitemg | -2.263138 .2740338 -8.26 0.000 -2.800234 -1.726042 _cons | -29.73252 5.2567 -5.66 0.000 -40.03546 -19.42958------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001009 lgdp | -.000579 .003025 lgdpau | -.000702 -.000505 .004254lgdpdfrati~w | .000344 -.001183 .000873 .001859 lpopau | .004927 .000092 -.014654 .000298 .072386 lpop | -.000279 -.002567 .0014 .000618 -.005075 .010418 lxrate1 | 9.9e-06 .000087 -.00005 .000035 .000714 -.000242 .000072 lremote | -.000339 .00127 -.000705 -.001061 .00007 -.000845 .000035 ldist | .003585 -.00027 -.003149 .000049 .022963 -.001433 -.000105 lopen | -.000361 -.000256 .000255 -.000454 -.004455 .001175 -.000179 english | -.000741 .000058 .0007 .000157 -.005995 .000552 .000042 white | .002963 -.00645 .001257 .002332 -.001088 .030129 -.000577 lwhitemg | -.000557 .000206 .00018 -.000116 -.002263 -.00296 .000051 _cons | -.083348 -.022144 .160764 -.005908 -.987584 -.035983 -.008455

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .001116 ldist | -.000054 .120244 lopen | .000212 -.000819 .000956 english | -.000136 .054333 -.000024 .076131 white | -.002784 .024509 .001511 .041887 8.58391 lwhitemg | .000144 -.005183 1.2e-06 -.003375 -.790548 .075095 _cons | -.004566 -1.44273 .064441 -.461303 -.597348 .12795 27.6329

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 513.73Log likelihood = -536.1031 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5151964 .0493277 10.44 0.000 .4185159 .6118768 lgdp | .0777445 .0792536 0.98 0.327 -.0775896 .2330787 lgdpau | 1.791582 .7820814 2.29 0.022 .2587311 3.324434lgdpdfrati~w | -.7106639 .2838917 -2.50 0.012 -1.267081 -.1542465 lpopau | -9.149102 2.687741 -3.40 0.001 -14.41698 -3.881227 lpop | .3411292 .0988819 3.45 0.001 .1473243 .534934

lxrate1 | -.1051184 .0252867 -4.16 0.000 -.1546796 -.0555573 lremote | .1099909 .2467504 0.45 0.656 -.3736309 .5936127 ldist | -1.600632 .3328959 -4.81 0.000 -2.253096 -.9481678 lopen | .0691346 .0535613 1.29 0.197 -.0358436 .1741129 english | -.061608 .2145757 -0.29 0.774 -.4821686 .3589526 white | 9.466513 1.091025 8.68 0.000 7.328144 11.60488 lwhitemg | -.8765454 .096875 -9.05 0.000 -1.066417 -.6866739 _cons | 115.1134 25.48627 4.52 0.000 65.16122 165.0655------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002433 lgdp | -.00158 .006281 lgdpau | .000419 -.000468 .611651lgdpdfrati~w | -.001448 .001829 -.017259 .080594 lpopau | -.005236 -.005689 -2.04218 .072024 7.22395 lpop | -.000085 -.004622 -.000685 -.000826 .000204 .009778 lxrate1 | .000105 -.000098 .000464 .000733 -.004168 -.000394 .000639 lremote | .001468 .00407 -.019641 -.011193 .050284 -.002335 .000607 ldist | .005014 .000696 -.00958 -.005093 -.010354 .003635 .000334 lopen | -.000231 .000647 .000478 -.000429 -.010914 .000555 6.1e-06 english | -.001915 .002806 .004016 .004902 -.021063 -.001356 .001123 white | .01344 -.025575 .017175 -.005922 -.077401 .031899 .005909 lwhitemg | -.001272 .001283 -.002785 -.00023 .013494 -.001888 -.000479 _cons | .036144 .005103 18.1251 -.701589 -66.528 -.048882 .053424

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .060886 ldist | .030475 .11082 lopen | .00126 .001906 .002869 english | -.008594 .018337 2.9e-06 .046043 white | .021533 -.008821 -.001389 .016269 1.19033 lwhitemg | .000393 .001549 .000068 -.001173 -.101558 .009385 _cons | -1.19188 -1.00034 .120101 .09002 .652487 -.154478 649.55

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1377.41Log likelihood = -332.2508 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0340359 .0171317 1.99 0.047 .0004584 .0676135 lgdp | .2253734 .0571388 3.94 0.000 .1133834 .3373634 lgdpau | -.231561 .3190774 -0.73 0.468 -.8569413 .3938192lgdpdfrati~w | -.3803555 .2024972 -1.88 0.060 -.7772427 .0165317 lpopau | 2.349756 1.131623 2.08 0.038 .1318155 4.567696 lpop | .0910655 .0726949 1.25 0.210 -.051414 .2335449 lxrate1 | -.0760227 .0186226 -4.08 0.000 -.1125222 -.0395232 lremote | -.166434 .1127561 -1.48 0.140 -.3874318 .0545638 ldist | -1.349867 .2032076 -6.64 0.000 -1.748146 -.9515871 lopen | .0056822 .0264812 0.21 0.830 -.04622 .0575843 english | 2.003464 .2187485 9.16 0.000 1.574725 2.432204 white | 9.54349 1.776022 5.37 0.000 6.06255 13.02443 lwhitemg | -.722156 .1823747 -3.96 0.000 -1.079604 -.3647082

_cons | -23.56907 11.39494 -2.07 0.039 -45.90274 -1.235396------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000293 lgdp | -.000309 .003265 lgdpau | .00023 -.00158 .10181lgdpdfrati~w | -.00048 -.000302 -.001269 .041005 lpopau | -.001134 .006717 -.347743 .023641 1.28057 lpop | .00011 -.003224 .001026 .000819 -.007602 .005285 lxrate1 | -.000016 .000199 .001228 .000763 -.005757 -.000206 .000347 lremote | .000187 .00113 -.007279 -.003664 .025509 -.000719 -.00037 ldist | .000737 .000909 -.001716 -.001348 -.000573 .002331 -.000342 lopen | .000025 -.00029 -.00019 .00112 -.000831 .000373 -9.4e-06 english | -.000334 -.00288 .004544 .003734 -.014833 .004483 .000337 white | .001541 -.02462 .015289 .002446 -.078238 .026843 .000895 lwhitemg | -.000157 .001431 -.00128 -9.6e-06 .006091 -.001784 -.000078 _cons | .008374 -.10832 3.19125 -.3654 -12.3701 .071943 .066646

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .012714 ldist | .000478 .041293 lopen | -.000125 -.00006 .000701 english | -.004928 .012958 -.000011 .047851 white | .009025 -.028596 .00155 .076175 3.15425 lwhitemg | -.000339 .001479 -.00008 -.007172 -.319245 .033261 _cons | -.356353 -.399981 .020315 .031533 1.18978 -.080809 129.845

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1068.91Log likelihood = -827.1554 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .145742 .064958 2.24 0.025 .0184266 .2730573 lgdp | .5542882 .1088247 5.09 0.000 .3409956 .7675807 lgdpau | -2.110084 1.056303 -2.00 0.046 -4.1804 -.0397674lgdpdfrati~w | -1.22236 .4451266 -2.75 0.006 -2.094792 -.349928 lpopau | 4.374506 3.620341 1.21 0.227 -2.721231 11.47024 lpop | .1857437 .1229114 1.51 0.131 -.0551583 .4266457 lxrate1 | -.1433571 .0396197 -3.62 0.000 -.2210103 -.0657038 lremote | 1.584459 .2723784 5.82 0.000 1.050607 2.11831 ldist | -1.667281 .4953558 -3.37 0.001 -2.638161 -.6964018 lopen | -.0166757 .074894 -0.22 0.824 -.1634653 .130114 english | .30541 .2574495 1.19 0.236 -.1991818 .8100018 white | 10.86768 1.5103 7.20 0.000 7.907548 13.82782 lwhitemg | -.8557886 .144862 -5.91 0.000 -1.139713 -.5718643 _cons | -26.58593 34.08063 -0.78 0.435 -93.38273 40.21087------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

limmig | .00422 lgdp | -.004375 .011843 lgdpau | -.002369 .00594 1.11578lgdpdfrati~w | -.001789 .004343 .005639 .198138 lpopau | .00519 -.029156 -3.72723 .034288 13.1069 lpop | .001522 -.009938 -.002676 -.002644 .012483 .015107 lxrate1 | .000072 .001607 .001004 .001325 -.010025 -.001479 .00157 lremote | .001456 -.002647 -.033078 -.024286 .082587 .002602 .000931 ldist | .01235 -.009695 -.010752 -.010678 -.001845 .015093 -.001993 lopen | .000336 -.000816 .006003 .000573 -.031838 .002052 -.000354 english | -.005677 .010747 .007335 .001588 -.028997 -.008513 -.000527 white | .026684 -.050033 -.040678 -.044343 .067052 .047678 .004887 lwhitemg | -.003008 .002991 -.000011 .00138 .009857 -.002408 -.000777 _cons | -.09994 .345809 32.8682 -.655723 -120.022 -.315809 .131291

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .07419 ldist | .02058 .245377 lopen | .002652 .004068 .005609 english | -.003751 .025611 -.000724 .06628 white | .119243 .130601 .002038 .031059 2.28101 lwhitemg | -.004798 -.017466 -.000089 -.005087 -.208696 .020985 _cons | -1.31999 -2.27305 .29892 -.015203 -2.10634 .034733 1161.49

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 574.10Log likelihood = -119.6886 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0340425 .0300135 1.13 0.257 -.0247829 .0928679 lgdp | .1656901 .0601947 2.75 0.006 .0477106 .2836696 lgdpau | .5371181 .3876258 1.39 0.166 -.2226144 1.296851lgdpdfrati~w | .3790834 .1698859 2.23 0.026 .0461132 .7120536 lpopau | 2.706335 1.394643 1.94 0.052 -.0271162 5.439785 lpop | .285682 .0809787 3.53 0.000 .1269668 .4443973 lxrate1 | -.0322649 .0160636 -2.01 0.045 -.063749 -.0007808 lremote | -.0523095 .1226814 -0.43 0.670 -.2927606 .1881416 ldist | -2.091979 .392891 -5.32 0.000 -2.862031 -1.321926 lopen | .0583228 .0391247 1.49 0.136 -.0183602 .1350057 english | .8958983 .1820698 4.92 0.000 .539048 1.252749 white | 15.49111 1.130356 13.70 0.000 13.27566 17.70657 lwhitemg | -1.322898 .1027835 -12.87 0.000 -1.52435 -1.121446 _cons | -46.8189 14.66509 -3.19 0.001 -75.56194 -18.07586------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000901 lgdp | -.00071 .003623 lgdpau | -.000628 .000028 .150254lgdpdfrati~w | -.000743 .000613 -.000809 .028861 lpopau | .001747 .000867 -.507596 .014247 1.94503 lpop | -.000129 -.002576 .00073 .000584 -.005192 .006558 lxrate1 | .000051 .000085 .000161 .000498 -.002767 -.000091 .000258

lremote | .000862 .001966 -.006582 -.004155 .018897 -.001718 .000097 ldist | .002258 -.003256 -.010064 -.009024 .004049 .007913 .00026 lopen | .000016 -.000083 .000383 -.000033 -.005682 .000515 -.000057 english | -.00135 -.000081 .003406 .003195 -.014836 .00431 .000251 white | .00417 -.01522 .037058 .002677 -.319364 .023228 .004349 lwhitemg | -.000478 .000737 -.003608 -.00036 .031122 -.001708 -.000463 _cons | -.027761 -.03865 4.62249 -.143825 -19.1037 -.039599 .036322

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .015051 ldist | .014803 .154363 lopen | .000114 .00041 .001531 english | -.004856 .002039 -.000111 .033149 white | -.006535 -.05741 -.000249 .034863 1.2777 lwhitemg | .000619 .006498 .000051 -.002916 -.113466 .010564 _cons | -.428649 -1.46492 .074324 .107797 4.85383 -.473645 215.065

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 269.58Log likelihood = 130.1013 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.003951 .0185031 -0.21 0.831 -.0402163 .0323143 lgdp | .2915534 .0520837 5.60 0.000 .1894711 .3936356 lgdpau | -.3385535 .3584913 -0.94 0.345 -1.041184 .3640765lgdpdfrati~w | -.0984384 .1444436 -0.68 0.496 -.3815427 .1846659 lpopau | 4.493002 1.304781 3.44 0.001 1.935677 7.050326 lpop | -.0617304 .0625644 -0.99 0.324 -.1843543 .0608935 lxrate1 | -.1011231 .015477 -6.53 0.000 -.1314575 -.0707887 lremote | .369867 .1319095 2.80 0.005 .1113291 .628405 ldist | -1.280345 .2861022 -4.48 0.000 -1.841095 -.719595 lopen | .024967 .0287892 0.87 0.386 -.0314589 .0813928 english | .2521761 .1727968 1.46 0.144 -.0864994 .5908516 white | 9.190832 2.08066 4.42 0.000 5.112813 13.26885 lwhitemg | -.7797725 .1988341 -3.92 0.000 -1.16948 -.3900647 _cons | -61.24375 13.81759 -4.43 0.000 -88.32573 -34.16177------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000342 lgdp | -.000367 .002713 lgdpau | .000296 -.000712 .128516lgdpdfrati~w | -.000463 .000497 -.006148 .020864 lpopau | -.00256 .003589 -.441273 .027562 1.70245 lpop | .000076 -.002364 -.000084 -.000067 .000716 .003914 lxrate1 | 2.6e-06 .000018 .000523 .000466 -.004518 -.000124 .00024 lremote | .000266 .001824 -.008143 -.001237 .028529 -.001543 -.000051 ldist | .001692 -.001854 -.002047 -.001446 .002094 .00501 .000084 lopen | -4.6e-06 9.2e-06 .000066 .000224 -.00159 .000168 -.000026 english | -.000378 -.00215 .000084 .000677 .019857 .005248 .000232 white | .002563 -.016247 .018347 -.005405 -.145636 .017435 .001865 lwhitemg | -.00029 .001038 -.002214 .00051 .015022 -.001396 -.000142 _cons | .02223 -.060457 4.05907 -.302757 -17.0289 -.05345 .060866

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .0174 ldist | .007072 .081854 lopen | .000086 -.000478 .000829 english | -.001288 .017498 -.000308 .029859 white | -.000949 .01915 -.000766 .040373 4.32915 lwhitemg | .000783 -.002909 .000098 -.003766 -.406994 .039535 _cons | -.494631 -.872481 .026009 -.527912 1.82339 -.169435 190.926

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 498.24Log likelihood = -660.2759 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1829854 .0525527 3.48 0.000 .0799841 .2859868 lgdp | .8230504 .1062007 7.75 0.000 .6149008 1.0312 lgdpau | -.6512725 .6640014 -0.98 0.327 -1.952691 .6501464lgdpdfrati~w | -.2974729 .2759193 -1.08 0.281 -.8382648 .243319 lpopau | 3.575088 2.286435 1.56 0.118 -.9062417 8.056418 lpop | -.3360917 .146353 -2.30 0.022 -.6229383 -.0492451 lxrate1 | -.1388886 .0310756 -4.47 0.000 -.1997955 -.0779816 lremote | .1986997 .2323196 0.86 0.392 -.2566384 .6540377 ldist | -2.981251 .6892203 -4.33 0.000 -4.332098 -1.630404 lopen | .0297735 .0637706 0.47 0.641 -.0952146 .1547617 english | -.5464012 .424956 -1.29 0.199 -1.3793 .2864974 white | 20.11033 4.19337 4.80 0.000 11.89148 28.32918 lwhitemg | -1.830996 .3846082 -4.76 0.000 -2.584814 -1.077177 _cons | -25.94908 22.57681 -1.15 0.250 -70.19883 18.30066------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002762 lgdp | -.002244 .011279 lgdpau | .001355 -.001542 .440898lgdpdfrati~w | -.001765 .003453 -.010423 .076131 lpopau | -.009212 .000102 -1.46659 .06012 5.22778 lpop | -.000146 -.007943 -.001356 -.001713 -.006629 .021419 lxrate1 | .000153 .000558 .001967 .001186 -.010311 -.000777 .000966 lremote | .000962 .00476 -.020541 -.011917 .040224 -.003057 .000563 ldist | .011242 .014961 -.005591 -.002758 -.053365 .002865 .000744 lopen | .000459 -.001042 -.000954 -.000206 -.00993 .001816 -.000198 english | -.006038 .002369 .001177 .00551 -.012125 .017299 .000468 white | .007024 -.035234 .121309 .016872 -.357942 .073295 .004739 lwhitemg | -.001257 .001245 -.012768 -.002869 .041056 -.005506 -.000581 _cons | .043558 -.268051 13.047 -.718204 -47.9902 -.013036 .101495

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .053972 ldist | .032468 .475025 lopen | .00064 .002878 .004067 english | -.004029 .120174 -.001631 .180588

white | .025876 .230276 .004243 .286674 17.5843 lwhitemg | -.00018 -.037874 -.000264 -.030959 -1.58544 .147923 _cons | -.964616 -4.23615 .153463 -1.28388 -.193917 .094145 509.713

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1240.23Log likelihood = -546.3659 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1791144 .0431711 4.15 0.000 .0945007 .2637282 lgdp | .6780738 .099606 6.81 0.000 .4828496 .873298 lgdpau | .5768151 .5637906 1.02 0.306 -.5281943 1.681824lgdpdfrati~w | -.0031584 .2403506 -0.01 0.990 -.4742369 .4679201 lpopau | -2.288454 1.946679 -1.18 0.240 -6.103875 1.526966 lpop | .4542976 .1282528 3.54 0.000 .2029268 .7056684 lxrate1 | -.0696646 .0264476 -2.63 0.008 -.121501 -.0178283 lremote | -.2048872 .2038789 -1.00 0.315 -.6044826 .1947081 ldist | -2.426502 .4363112 -5.56 0.000 -3.281656 -1.571347 lopen | -.0856238 .0663264 -1.29 0.197 -.2156211 .0443735 english | 1.146823 .3194311 3.59 0.000 .5207494 1.772896 white | 23.58451 3.055593 7.72 0.000 17.59566 29.57337 lwhitemg | -2.268115 .2716851 -8.35 0.000 -2.800608 -1.735622 _cons | 28.21771 18.90657 1.49 0.136 -8.838486 65.27391------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001864 lgdp | -.001658 .009921 lgdpau | -.002019 .004148 .31786lgdpdfrati~w | -.001187 .001984 -.005359 .057768 lpopau | .006685 -.030626 -1.05987 .018096 3.78956 lpop | .000352 -.008429 -.003086 -.001749 .015207 .016449 lxrate1 | .000025 .000573 .000483 .001096 -.004762 -.00073 .000699 lremote | .000181 .004151 -.016943 -.01247 .03735 -.003101 .000559 ldist | .006707 -.001821 -.008725 -.000822 .005176 .016232 .000187 lopen | .000211 -.000054 .00005 .001784 -.009556 .001174 -.000063 english | -.002948 .001809 .00611 .004135 -.025467 -.000825 .000527 white | .005175 -.035035 .012422 -.007428 .005609 .057577 .002663 lwhitemg | -.000792 .001143 -.002644 -.000475 .008198 -.004018 -.000272 _cons | -.099591 .296205 9.44261 -.112788 -35.0359 -.367159 .054886

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .041567 ldist | .004457 .190367 lopen | .001135 .001174 .004399 english | -.006988 .054344 -.001424 .102036 white | .016097 .03998 .004273 .011076 9.33665 lwhitemg | .000445 -.008152 -.000455 .000581 -.815006 .073813 _cons | -.613889 -1.96648 .118692 -.237726 -1.11354 .050475 357.458

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1743.21Log likelihood = -751.2779 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0690591 .0342487 2.02 0.044 .0019328 .1361854 lgdp | 1.001642 .0969004 10.34 0.000 .8117209 1.191563 lgdpau | .9866362 .7123864 1.38 0.166 -.4096154 2.382888lgdpdfrati~w | -.173785 .2826698 -0.61 0.539 -.7278076 .3802376 lpopau | 3.61421 2.481729 1.46 0.145 -1.24989 8.478309 lpop | -.4251451 .1414959 -3.00 0.003 -.702472 -.1478181 lxrate1 | -.156176 .0229891 -6.79 0.000 -.2012338 -.1111182 lremote | -.4205269 .1932866 -2.18 0.030 -.7993618 -.041692 ldist | -1.741086 .7365858 -2.36 0.018 -3.184768 -.2974043 lopen | -.0534792 .0735833 -0.73 0.467 -.1976999 .0907414 english | .1569643 .3349765 0.47 0.639 -.4995775 .8135061 white | 28.49761 2.714713 10.50 0.000 23.17687 33.81835 lwhitemg | -2.657344 .2643688 -10.05 0.000 -3.175498 -2.139191 _cons | -78.74004 24.86096 -3.17 0.002 -127.4666 -30.01345------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001173 lgdp | -.001917 .00939 lgdpau | -.00037 .001405 .507494lgdpdfrati~w | -.002101 .004248 -.01791 .079902 lpopau | -.005721 -.010318 -1.69362 .066374 6.15898 lpop | .001732 -.011361 -.004477 -.003872 .028764 .020021 lxrate1 | .000045 .000347 .000588 .000854 -.009664 -.000714 .000528 lremote | .001379 .003987 -.01803 -.004689 .017034 -.003121 .000324 ldist | .006844 .012509 -.026396 -.004716 -.051028 .009992 .001344 lopen | .000306 -.000821 -.001096 .004684 -.005498 .001218 -.000321 english | -.001182 .003038 .002725 .003289 -.008708 .000047 .000865 white | .017752 -.057243 .026117 -.031147 -.391508 .067816 .009417 lwhitemg | -.001599 .003911 -.003968 .002272 .044767 -.004863 -.00093 _cons | .039365 -.048884 15.2464 -.651088 -57.6512 -.488116 .129279

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .03736 ldist | .067523 .542559 lopen | .001166 .001741 .005415 english | .001015 .064182 -.001428 .112209 white | .037945 .085976 -.007634 .209506 7.36966 lwhitemg | -.002721 -.015285 .000956 -.023462 -.70748 .069891 _cons | -.825174 -4.72013 .091659 -.62919 4.76831 -.469925 618.067

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 566.56Log likelihood = -559.4837 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3710208 .0578581 6.41 0.000 .257621 .4844206 lgdp | .3930499 .0990244 3.97 0.000 .1989656 .5871341 lgdpau | 1.0314 .7147904 1.44 0.149 -.3695639 2.432363lgdpdfrati~w | -.5117701 .3050824 -1.68 0.093 -1.109721 .0861804 lpopau | -4.477968 2.468086 -1.81 0.070 -9.315327 .3593919 lpop | .281516 .1058462 2.66 0.008 .0740614 .4889707 lxrate1 | -.0679082 .033317 -2.04 0.042 -.1332084 -.0026081 lremote | .0857515 .219457 0.39 0.696 -.3443764 .5158794 ldist | -1.183511 .5657466 -2.09 0.036 -2.292354 -.0746682 lopen | .0975663 .0731328 1.33 0.182 -.0457713 .2409039 english | -.0252257 .2749614 -0.09 0.927 -.56414 .5136887 white | 18.78617 2.018085 9.31 0.000 14.8308 22.74155 lwhitemg | -1.796915 .1934399 -9.29 0.000 -2.17605 -1.41778 _cons | 47.40272 23.39666 2.03 0.043 1.546106 93.25934------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003348 lgdp | -.003237 .009806 lgdpau | -.002141 .005856 .510925lgdpdfrati~w | -.002112 .005147 -.007641 .093075 lpopau | .004894 -.032036 -1.70848 .042676 6.09145 lpop | .00105 -.006517 -.003844 -.003817 .010064 .011203 lxrate1 | .00033 .0005 -.000362 .000756 -.002925 -.000649 .00111 lremote | -.00001 .002688 -.009876 -.016344 .001139 .000794 .001497 ldist | .010387 .000502 -.006247 -.010983 -.061717 .006552 .000679 lopen | -.000128 .000377 .002237 .000349 -.022836 .001874 -.00023 english | -.003843 .007812 .005245 .001366 -.024635 -.000303 -.001572 white | .022681 -.036918 -.008923 -.065161 .088843 .014718 -.001446 lwhitemg | -.002533 .002009 -.000897 .003897 .00173 -.000278 -.000196 _cons | -.086476 .242867 15.0345 -.397995 -55.1941 -.166877 .032735

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .048161 ldist | .034967 .320069 lopen | .002233 .003266 .005348 english | .00799 .087201 -.000604 .075604 white | .106169 .204371 -.00679 .128719 4.07267 lwhitemg | -.007389 -.02903 .000684 -.015598 -.381951 .037419 _cons | -.580177 -2.34151 .236783 -.789012 -3.63766 .311626 547.404

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1523.66Log likelihood = -192.8026 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0067184 .0200491 0.34 0.738 -.0325771 .0460139 lgdp | .3414653 .0780855 4.37 0.000 .1884206 .4945099 lgdpau | -.2705424 .400462 -0.68 0.499 -1.055433 .5143486lgdpdfrati~w | .1381513 .2041809 0.68 0.499 -.2620359 .5383385 lpopau | 1.124573 1.381495 0.81 0.416 -1.583107 3.832254 lpop | -.2291739 .1090811 -2.10 0.036 -.4429689 -.015379 lxrate1 | -.0327499 .02002 -1.64 0.102 -.0719883 .0064886 lremote | -.0365585 .1440874 -0.25 0.800 -.3189647 .2458476 ldist | -4.110386 .501268 -8.20 0.000 -5.092853 -3.127918 lopen | -.0042503 .0429449 -0.10 0.921 -.0884207 .0799201 english | -.0798354 .2770319 -0.29 0.773 -.622808 .4631372 white | 16.84989 2.524375 6.67 0.000 11.90221 21.79757 lwhitemg | -1.196651 .2706249 -4.42 0.000 -1.727066 -.6662361 _cons | 25.0551 14.14278 1.77 0.076 -2.664238 52.77443------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000402 lgdp | -.000527 .006097 lgdpau | .000047 -.002254 .16037lgdpdfrati~w | -.000815 .002388 -.005724 .04169 lpopau | -.000748 .001578 -.532931 .038862 1.90853 lpop | .000193 -.005377 .000299 -.00096 -.004455 .011899 lxrate1 | -.00003 .000123 .001211 .000815 -.005263 -.000404 .000401 lremote | .000072 .001965 -.012536 -.002965 .035493 -.002194 -.000063 ldist | .001628 .003591 -.009586 -.000911 -.014387 .018114 -.000384 lopen | .000043 -.000233 -.001728 .001081 .002199 .000681 -.000022 english | -.000863 -.000371 .001711 .00176 -.002898 .004937 .000415 white | .00304 -.033722 .033642 -.016779 -.204983 .057191 .001535 lwhitemg | -.000328 .001313 -.003509 .000969 .023928 -.004631 8.6e-07 _cons | .002924 -.068328 4.87888 -.54108 -17.8402 -.153413 .060761

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .020761 ldist | .009822 .25127 lopen | -.000012 .00039 .001844 english | -.00019 .053127 -.00004 .076747 white | -.001162 .144088 -.00023 .105122 6.37247 lwhitemg | .001791 -.018886 .00011 -.010509 -.673899 .073238 _cons | -.542394 -2.38315 -.000545 -.583392 .981817 -.095828 200.018

.

.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Costa Rica

. drop if ccode==341880(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491150.9 1561197 8381.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33459.25 117039.3 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6909 16.92025 102.8924 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07

xrate1 | 1000 1041.823 10901.82 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6741.361 4145.975 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13362.76 3531.818 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7070191 .3895968 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052365 .1809209 1.017907 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404893.2 1597590 3071 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14893.79 27126.81 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.01e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8172 17.27866 101.7385 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1181.504 11681.88 19.96485 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7168.033 4115.97 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13192.14 3420.864 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 157.3832 242.3297 47.025 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7142536 .4111007 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.043906 .1857792 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Imports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrimp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 9963.69Log likelihood = -536.5697 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrimp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3330582 .0305712 10.89 0.000 .2731397 .3929766 lgdp | 1.190931 .0326511 36.47 0.000 1.126936 1.254926 lgdpau | .0893952 .6014653 0.15 0.882 -1.089455 1.268246

lgdpdfrati~w | -.8913614 .2447235 -3.64 0.000 -1.371011 -.4117121 lpopau | -2.395034 2.075522 -1.15 0.249 -6.462983 1.672915 lpop | .0320989 .0406787 0.79 0.430 -.0476298 .1118277 lxrate1 | -.1296591 .0165332 -7.84 0.000 -.1620636 -.0972547 lremote | -.4332989 .076022 -5.70 0.000 -.5822992 -.2842986 ldist | -2.096167 .1573549 -13.32 0.000 -2.404577 -1.787757 lopen | .2708975 .0548253 4.94 0.000 .1634419 .3783531 english | .9197381 .1249974 7.36 0.000 .6747477 1.164728 white | 4.690078 .5632018 8.33 0.000 3.586223 5.793933 lwhitemg | -.4332911 .0501975 -8.63 0.000 -.5316764 -.3349057 _cons | 39.39267 19.09037 2.06 0.039 1.976228 76.80911------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000935 lgdp | -.000303 .001066 lgdpau | -.000838 .001346 .361761lgdpdfrati~w | -.00082 .000174 -.009368 .05989 lpopau | .001708 -.007917 -1.22433 .049636 4.30779 lpop | -.000131 -.000709 .000153 .000177 -.000526 .001655 lxrate1 | .000096 .000147 .0004 .000175 -.002691 -.000102 .000273 lremote | .000451 .000034 -.000491 -.00179 -.002622 -.000263 .000068 ldist | .001688 .000998 .001324 -.001181 -.017744 .000016 .001557 lopen | -.000183 .000614 .002382 .000734 -.016181 .00035 .00017 english | -.00115 .002718 .002972 .002226 -.01123 -.001253 .000533 white | .004331 -.001387 .003054 -.010245 -.024596 .004865 .000143 lwhitemg | -.000543 .000127 -.000296 .00094 .002794 -.000398 -.000036 _cons | -.023481 .072708 10.7921 -.615649 -39.0289 -.001156 .01525

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .005779 ldist | .004531 .024761 lopen | .001326 .001205 .003006 english | -.003296 .002561 -.000702 .015624 white | -.000752 .001442 -.00087 .004452 .317196 lwhitemg | .000212 -.000738 -7.5e-06 -.000251 -.027763 .00252 _cons | -.032157 -.052404 .165303 .064199 .237596 -.025666 364.442

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 72804.45Log likelihood = -991.1849 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0485387 .0138483 3.51 0.000 .0213966 .0756809 lgdp | 1.655354 .0489634 33.81 0.000 1.559388 1.751321 lgdpau | 1.014679 .3663158 2.77 0.006 .2967133 1.732645lgdpdfrati~w | -.4680279 .1478708 -3.17 0.002 -.7578493 -.1782065 lpopau | -6.670102 1.233734 -5.41 0.000 -9.088176 -4.252027 lpop | -.430035 .0803576 -5.35 0.000 -.5875329 -.2725371 lxrate1 | -.1167134 .0204071 -5.72 0.000 -.1567105 -.0767162 lremote | -.9482906 .0832276 -11.39 0.000 -1.111414 -.7851674 ldist | -3.202655 .1506209 -21.26 0.000 -3.497866 -2.907443 lopen | -.0518899 .0269712 -1.92 0.054 -.1047524 .0009727 english | .9970997 .0870544 11.45 0.000 .8264761 1.167723 white | 4.384828 .7401657 5.92 0.000 2.93413 5.835526 lwhitemg | -.444013 .0710806 -6.25 0.000 -.5833285 -.3046976 _cons | 96.77147 11.53503 8.39 0.000 74.16322 119.3797------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000192 lgdp | -.000287 .002397 lgdpau | -.001329 .001868 .134187lgdpdfrati~w | -.000596 .000511 -.011877 .021866 lpopau | .005057 -.007604 -.441878 .025431 1.5221 lpop | .000205 -.003703 -.001566 .000477 .004854 .006457 lxrate1 | -.00003 .000272 -.000087 .000426 -.002821 -.000289 .000416 lremote | .000494 .000653 -.00597 -.002569 .020317 -.001706 .000153 ldist | .000677 -.001309 -.006259 -.001094 .015635 .001972 .000579 lopen | .000049 -.000074 -.000954 .00095 .003407 .000222 -.000069 english | -.00042 .000267 .003045 .002631 -.019043 .000219 .001117 white | .001278 -.010469 -.010016 -.003334 .041788 .015422 -.00102 lwhitemg | -.000089 .00056 .000465 .000244 -.002962 -.000736 .000155 _cons | -.056754 .0877 3.92177 -.115486 -13.9305 -.061042 .038823

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006927 ldist | .002785 .022687

lopen | .000526 .000188 .000727 english | -.002607 .002235 -.000394 .007578 white | .003379 -.026365 .0015 -.002689 .547845 lwhitemg | -.000035 .003346 -.000126 .000489 -.051545 .005052 _cons | -.255901 -.345226 -.040375 .2224 -.206834 .003135 133.057

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7223.88Log likelihood = -927.708 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0849413 .0220438 3.85 0.000 .0417362 .1281464 lgdp | 1.751028 .0745991 23.47 0.000 1.604816 1.897239 lgdpau | .4827678 .5935281 0.81 0.416 -.680526 1.646061lgdpdfrati~w | -.4861525 .224274 -2.17 0.030 -.9257214 -.0465836 lpopau | -4.148385 2.055398 -2.02 0.044 -8.176892 -.1198781 lpop | -.6554543 .0862796 -7.60 0.000 -.8245591 -.4863494 lxrate1 | -.1432102 .028265 -5.07 0.000 -.1986086 -.0878118 lremote | -.3500143 .141045 -2.48 0.013 -.6264574 -.0735712 ldist | -4.153314 .346942 -11.97 0.000 -4.833308 -3.473321 lopen | .074011 .0432334 1.71 0.087 -.0107248 .1587469 english | 1.147544 .1483253 7.74 0.000 .8568319 1.438256 white | 9.32157 1.878197 4.96 0.000 5.640373 13.00277 lwhitemg | -.7670443 .1881311 -4.08 0.000 -1.135775 -.398314 _cons | 73.87781 19.43466 3.80 0.000 35.78658 111.969------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000486 lgdp | -.000827 .005565 lgdpau | -.002008 .005819 .352276lgdpdfrati~w | -.000806 .002332 -.023834 .050299 lpopau | .005288 -.024233 -1.18621 .076922 4.22466 lpop | .000643 -.004796 -.003348 -.001949 .008204 .007444 lxrate1 | 2.1e-06 .000619 .000593 .000912 -.006931 -.000862 .000799 lremote | -.000113 -.000756 -.009987 -.002007 .033854 -.001647 .00022 ldist | .002005 .009664 -.008654 -.001673 -.017188 -.003329 .00162 lopen | .000086 -.000459 -.000797 .001797 .003619 .000848 -.00013 english | -.000866 .002487 .009377 .001455 -.053683 .002873 .001982 white | .001756 -.033443 .00163 -.005546 -.023315 .030673 .003962 lwhitemg | -.000157 .001624 -.002145 -.000083 .010946 -.001994 -.000438 _cons | -.045874 .115539 10.5603 -.687538 -38.7789 -.010981 .07746

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .019894 ldist | .008179 .120369 lopen | .00066 -.000386 .001869 english | -.006263 .0052 -.001369 .022 white | .012587 -.136164 .002139 .025112 3.52762 lwhitemg | .00131 .009776 -.000113 -.003227 -.345179 .035393 _cons | -.509818 -.885129 -.044894 .539434 1.76178 -.232142 377.706

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2314.59Log likelihood = -1104.485 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0992532 .0363623 2.73 0.006 .0279845 .170522 lgdp | .9175688 .0747652 12.27 0.000 .7710317 1.064106 lgdpau | -.3734497 .7918438 -0.47 0.637 -1.925435 1.178536lgdpdfrati~w | -.460144 .3187271 -1.44 0.149 -1.084838 .1645495 lpopau | .1763907 2.71074 0.07 0.948 -5.136563 5.489344 lpop | -.026745 .0911422 -0.29 0.769 -.2053804 .1518903 lxrate1 | -.1668703 .0317992 -5.25 0.000 -.2291955 -.1045451 lremote | .4825937 .2228433 2.17 0.030 .0458289 .9193584 ldist | -1.266522 .303943 -4.17 0.000 -1.862239 -.6708044 lopen | .3620025 .072308 5.01 0.000 .2202814 .5037235 english | 1.829484 .2428643 7.53 0.000 1.353479 2.305489 white | 1.131862 2.15348 0.53 0.599 -3.088882 5.352606 lwhitemg | .2138295 .1883091 1.14 0.256 -.1552497 .5829086 _cons | -2.557059 25.4598 -0.10 0.920 -52.45734 47.34323------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001322 lgdp | -.001185 .00559 lgdpau | -.001787 .001018 .627017lgdpdfrati~w | .000013 .000335 -.018055 .101587 lpopau | .004407 -.010771 -2.11175 .031112 7.34811 lpop | .000271 -.005012 .001136 .000157 -.000526 .008307 lxrate1 | .000131 .000815 .00028 .001448 -.00735 -.0012 .001011 lremote | .001241 .000257 -.025132 -.014657 .082194 .000517 -.000864 ldist | .003557 -.007323 -.020211 -.006578 .058098 .011854 .000049 lopen | .000172 -.000994 .004919 .002926 -.021538 .002803 -.000108 english | -.002906 -.000682 .009168 .003467 -.024384 .001036 .001342 white | .002541 -.020739 .099302 .009538 -.358152 .01529 .000047 lwhitemg | -.000364 .000625 -.010265 -.002155 .038988 .000038 -.000153 _cons | -.054535 .178026 18.9833 .035919 -67.5916 -.154736 .116755

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .049659 ldist | .018438 .092381 lopen | .001392 -.001326 .005228 english | -.014708 .01095 -.001349 .058983 white | .036011 -.005692 .006892 .052516 4.63748 lwhitemg | -.000464 .004432 -.000422 -.004046 -.395157 .03546 _cons | -1.31525 -1.51874 .206776 .180672 3.27038 -.427034 648.201

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000

Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 60827.57Log likelihood = -918.3967 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0281098 .0138433 2.03 0.042 .0009775 .0552421 lgdp | 1.497199 .057918 25.85 0.000 1.383682 1.610717 lgdpau | .6327273 .3622684 1.75 0.081 -.0773056 1.34276lgdpdfrati~w | -.303457 .1368916 -2.22 0.027 -.5717596 -.0351545 lpopau | -6.43451 1.229413 -5.23 0.000 -8.844116 -4.024905 lpop | -.0732155 .096539 -0.76 0.448 -.2624286 .1159975 lxrate1 | -.0539409 .0186453 -2.89 0.004 -.0904851 -.0173967 lremote | -.5743328 .1474446 -3.90 0.000 -.8633189 -.2853467 ldist | -2.365293 .1758436 -13.45 0.000 -2.70994 -2.020646 lopen | -.0348528 .0276492 -1.26 0.207 -.0890441 .0193386 english | 1.141443 .1180771 9.67 0.000 .9100159 1.37287 white | 3.931651 .8018774 4.90 0.000 2.36 5.503302 lwhitemg | -.2793353 .0703149 -3.97 0.000 -.4171499 -.1415206 _cons | 89.22768 11.68063 7.64 0.000 66.33406 112.1213------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000192 lgdp | -.00022 .003354 lgdpau | -.000933 .002138 .131238lgdpdfrati~w | -.000348 .001006 -.007344 .018739 lpopau | .003396 -.008257 -.436804 .010718 1.51146 lpop | .000142 -.005286 -.001786 -.000459 .004756 .00932 lxrate1 | 1.6e-06 .000276 -.000022 .000488 -.002773 -.000322 .000348 lremote | 9.8e-06 -.001008 -.013323 -.004503 .04939 .000246 -.000288 ldist | .000904 -.006786 -.004747 .000448 .007453 .01145 .000509 lopen | .000019 -.000149 -.000878 .000836 .003321 .000345 -.000076 english | -.000294 -.001048 .003277 .002361 -.016839 .001209 .00088 white | .000322 -.016651 -.01997 -.004316 .040023 .028832 .002311 lwhitemg | -.000061 .000608 .000452 -.000126 .001491 -.001294 -.000285 _cons | -.038416 .162064 3.9568 .017189 -14.0283 -.170951 .041419

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02174 ldist | -.002303 .030921 lopen | .001167 .000395 .000764 english | -.004162 .008405 -.000407 .013942 white | .024747 .030049 .001226 .006374 .643007 lwhitemg | .000039 -.001245 .000016 -.000119 -.053256 .004944 _cons | -.614664 -.311476 -.048619 .146699 -.729553 -.017284 136.437

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7839.74Log likelihood = -945.2767 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1755952 .0292804 6.00 0.000 .1182068 .2329837 lgdp | 1.622175 .0745873 21.75 0.000 1.475986 1.768363 lgdpau | .1125288 .6406862 0.18 0.861 -1.143193 1.368251lgdpdfrati~w | -.2078012 .2544679 -0.82 0.414 -.7065491 .2909468 lpopau | -2.220818 2.235039 -0.99 0.320 -6.601413 2.159778 lpop | -.5663542 .0818202 -6.92 0.000 -.7267189 -.4059896 lxrate1 | -.1372805 .0286651 -4.79 0.000 -.193463 -.0810981 lremote | -.3029477 .1308114 -2.32 0.021 -.5593332 -.0465622 ldist | -3.564438 .3446453 -10.34 0.000 -4.23993 -2.888945 lopen | .1088115 .0482935 2.25 0.024 .014158 .2034649 english | .9204787 .1413287 6.51 0.000 .6434795 1.197478 white | 10.05206 1.872885 5.37 0.000 6.381273 13.72285 lwhitemg | -.8525524 .187616 -4.54 0.000 -1.220273 -.4848318 _cons | 46.33999 21.08429 2.20 0.028 5.015539 87.66445------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000857 lgdp | -.001322 .005563 lgdpau | -.002058 .005487 .410479lgdpdfrati~w | -.00107 .002509 -.027053 .064754 lpopau | .004857 -.023224 -1.39451 .100534 4.9954 lpop | .000854 -.004537 -.003405 -.001559 .01196 .006695 lxrate1 | .000066 .000435 .000562 .000999 -.006837 -.000708 .000822 lremote | -.000046 -.000729 -.005994 -.001244 .015344 -.001326 .000246 ldist | .003762 .004856 -.008523 -.002366 -.025021 -.000679 .001699 lopen | .000121 -.000636 .00058 .001437 -.003356 .001247 -.00019 english | -.001461 .003728 .006076 .003923 -.030604 .000519 .00204 white | .001768 -.030564 .006158 -.000528 .001739 .023718 .004645 lwhitemg | -.000145 .001659 -.002072 -.000436 .006444 -.00158 -.000462 _cons | -.048643 .151095 12.467 -1.02136 -45.9836 -.094543 .076851

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .017112 ldist | .008823 .11878 lopen | .000439 -.000701 .002332 english | -.005182 .001018 -.001438 .019974 white | .012775 -.143308 .003194 .015681 3.5077 lwhitemg | .000988 .011672 -.000213 -.002314 -.344378 .0352 _cons | -.2957 -.690876 .038247 .282517 1.33435 -.181605 444.547

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lm limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8468.68Log likelihood = -1104.817 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lm | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0235925 .0156905 1.50 0.133 -.0071602 .0543453 lgdp | 1.313658 .0505423 25.99 0.000 1.214597 1.412719 lgdpau | .4335503 .5067669 0.86 0.392 -.5596947 1.426795lgdpdfrati~w | -.0724285 .1658866 -0.44 0.662 -.3975604 .2527033 lpopau | -5.088475 1.720711 -2.96 0.003 -8.461007 -1.715944 lpop | .1304489 .0700022 1.86 0.062 -.0067528 .2676507 lxrate1 | -.0697913 .0200093 -3.49 0.000 -.1090089 -.0305737 lremote | -.8591859 .1649298 -5.21 0.000 -1.182442 -.5359293 ldist | -3.325122 .2144845 -15.50 0.000 -3.745504 -2.90474 lopen | .0840125 .0422002 1.99 0.047 .0013016 .1667234 english | 2.437817 .1380016 17.67 0.000 2.167339 2.708295 white | 4.252495 1.145281 3.71 0.000 2.007785 6.497205 lwhitemg | -.2045167 .0954404 -2.14 0.032 -.3915765 -.017457 _cons | 83.42482 16.43511 5.08 0.000 51.21259 115.637------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000246 lgdp | -.000388 .002555 lgdpau | -.000198 .000049 .256813lgdpdfrati~w | -.000472 .000697 .001692 .027518 lpopau | -.001115 .001285 -.85211 -.00459 2.96085 lpop | .000187 -.002738 -.000304 -.000045 -.00188 .0049 lxrate1 | -.000021 .000246 .000336 .00068 -.002583 -.000405 .0004 lremote | .000254 .000904 -.018971 -.001429 .057487 -.001081 -.000126 ldist | .000667 .000599 -.01249 -.001405 .02701 -.000133 .000331 lopen | .000077 -.000318 -.000119 .001785 .000823 .000683 -.000131 english | -.000793 .000361 .002824 .001871 -.00977 .001554 .00103 white | .000263 -.013684 -.003666 -.001322 .005202 .023482 -.000214 lwhitemg | -1.9e-06 .000697 -.000996 .000193 .003363 -.001519 .000081 _cons | .020732 -.049323 7.68558 .014654 -27.5189 .033307 .030328

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .027202 ldist | .017825 .046004 lopen | .000884 .00005 .001781 english | -.003948 .002639 -.001361 .019044 white | .003519 -.005489 .000686 .033169 1.31167 lwhitemg | .001401 .002492 2.5e-06 -.002882 -.105636 .009109 _cons | -.86707 -.732878 -.022773 .05677 -.047892 -.057268 270.113

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrmnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 577.34Log likelihood = -553.5187 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2252785 .0376889 5.98 0.000 .1514097 .2991473 lgdp | .2531206 .0697362 3.63 0.000 .1164402 .3898011

lgdpau | -.9433423 .2383451 -3.96 0.000 -1.41049 -.4761944lgdpdfrati~w | -.2417957 .1371334 -1.76 0.078 -.5105722 .0269808 lpopau | 1.118651 .8061057 1.39 0.165 -.4612873 2.698589 lpop | .4956646 .0851595 5.82 0.000 .328755 .6625742 lxrate1 | -.1148616 .0210236 -5.46 0.000 -.156067 -.0736562 lremote | -.0607289 .0687532 -0.88 0.377 -.1954826 .0740248 ldist | -1.297869 .3655069 -3.55 0.000 -2.014249 -.5814885 lopen | .0271248 .0281119 0.96 0.335 -.0279736 .0822232 english | .745436 .2058847 3.62 0.000 .3419095 1.148963 white | 9.573808 .6971126 13.73 0.000 8.207493 10.94012 lwhitemg | -.9561783 .0694886 -13.76 0.000 -1.092374 -.8199831 _cons | 11.47683 7.89072 1.45 0.146 -3.988703 26.94235------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00142 lgdp | -.001289 .004863 lgdpau | -.000077 .000498 .056808lgdpdfrati~w | -.000085 .001198 .006078 .018806 lpopau | .001175 -.005964 -.182556 -.008906 .649806 lpop | .000129 -.003604 -.001629 -.001025 -.000324 .007252 lxrate1 | -.000033 .000304 .002717 .001228 -.008836 -.000362 .000442 lremote | .000141 .000172 -.002359 -.001368 .005558 -.000195 -.000119 ldist | .002508 -.008433 .002529 -.000419 -.028679 .016734 .000432 lopen | -.000093 -.000252 -.002148 .000027 .005079 .000504 -.000212 english | -.002138 .001459 .006127 .002701 -.030592 .004416 .001019 white | .006025 -.009147 .018924 .007741 -.078075 .015195 .002795 lwhitemg | -.000614 -.000012 -.00196 -.001081 .008475 -.000561 -.000323 _cons | -.024152 .114699 1.53043 -.032491 -5.57934 -.140434 .06789

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .004727 ldist | .003609 .133595 lopen | .000109 .000141 .00079 english | -.000198 .011585 -.000474 .042388 white | .000034 -.021904 -.001501 .044733 .485966 lwhitemg | .000273 .004707 .000223 -.002133 -.045487 .004829 _cons | -.105631 -.987107 -.030132 .117384 .883153 -.119143 62.2635

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrmmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3958.96Log likelihood = -591.2894 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1459181 .0301937 4.83 0.000 .0867395 .2050966 lgdp | .265358 .0523361 5.07 0.000 .1627812 .3679349

lgdpau | -.1218446 .0596793 -2.04 0.041 -.238814 -.0048752lgdpdfrati~w | -.1363107 .0397578 -3.43 0.001 -.2142346 -.0583868 lpopau | 3.112818 .2519534 12.35 0.000 2.618998 3.606638

lpop | .7882503 .1009649 7.81 0.000 .5903626 .9861379 lxrate1 | -.0148131 .007798 -1.90 0.057 -.0300969 .0004707 lremote | .1638568 .0310605 5.28 0.000 .1029794 .2247343 ldist | -3.168854 .3447742 -9.19 0.000 -3.844599 -2.493109 lopen | .0050888 .0287392 0.18 0.859 -.051239 .0614166 english | .7471854 .2750734 2.72 0.007 .2080515 1.286319 white | 25.4231 2.905865 8.75 0.000 19.72771 31.11849 lwhitemg | -2.325501 .2736069 -8.50 0.000 -2.861761 -1.789241 _cons | -32.96627 5.160759 -6.39 0.000 -43.08117 -22.85136------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000912 lgdp | -.000493 .002739 lgdpau | -.000637 -.000497 .003562lgdpdfrati~w | .000308 -.001084 .000737 .001581 lpopau | .004573 .000293 -.012457 .000287 .063481 lpop | -.000288 -.002459 .001379 .000606 -.004773 .010194 lxrate1 | .000011 .000076 -.000045 .00003 .000617 -.000227 .000061 lremote | -.000298 .001153 -.000603 -.000924 .00007 -.000807 .000029 ldist | .003315 -.000226 -.002857 .000082 .022309 -.001151 -.000084 lopen | -.000338 -.00023 .000252 -.000382 -.003972 .001121 -.000154 english | -.000718 .000091 .000653 .000092 -.005959 .000663 .000028 white | .002414 -.006632 .001813 .002315 -.00247 .033422 -.000576 lwhitemg | -.0005 .00026 .000121 -.000124 -.002142 -.003166 .00005 _cons | -.078092 -.020751 .138662 -.005176 -.897679 -.042493 -.007034

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .000965 ldist | -.000053 .118869 lopen | .000176 -.0008 .000826 english | -.000089 .054268 .000035 .075665 white | -.002771 .032025 .001758 .049728 8.44405 lwhitemg | .000152 -.005793 -.000027 -.004219 -.782779 .074861 _cons | -.00429 -1.43079 .05644 -.462131 -.706217 .135033 26.6334

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrmsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 481.59Log likelihood = -536.5329 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5089359 .0489045 10.41 0.000 .4130848 .6047871 lgdp | .0532264 .0795404 0.67 0.503 -.1026699 .2091226 lgdpau | 1.898887 .776282 2.45 0.014 .3774023 3.420372lgdpdfrati~w | -.5678769 .2740527 -2.07 0.038 -1.10501 -.0307435 lpopau | -9.054346 2.664691 -3.40 0.001 -14.27704 -3.831647 lpop | .2904335 .100347 2.89 0.004 .0937571 .48711 lxrate1 | -.1020144 .0252193 -4.05 0.000 -.1514433 -.0525855 lremote | .0052409 .2511811 0.02 0.983 -.487065 .4975468 ldist | -1.602819 .3231141 -4.96 0.000 -2.236111 -.969527 lopen | .0577673 .0529089 1.09 0.275 -.0459323 .1614669

english | -.0670878 .2204178 -0.30 0.761 -.4990989 .3649232 white | 9.105913 1.077962 8.45 0.000 6.993146 11.21868 lwhitemg | -.8387927 .0952728 -8.80 0.000 -1.025524 -.6520614 _cons | 112.906 25.28396 4.47 0.000 63.35033 162.4616------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002392 lgdp | -.001461 .006327 lgdpau | .000473 -.000277 .602614lgdpdfrati~w | -.001234 .001663 -.01726 .075105 lpopau | -.006049 -.00591 -2.01027 .065339 7.10058 lpop | -.000133 -.004776 -.000919 -.00078 .000959 .01007 lxrate1 | .000133 -.000121 .000393 .000902 -.004029 -.000406 .000636 lremote | .001538 .004174 -.022519 -.01122 .061656 -.002808 .000448 ldist | .004799 .000875 -.0101 -.003423 -.007609 .004346 .00066 lopen | -.000262 .000782 .000144 -.000338 -.00883 .000468 -3.6e-06 english | -.001791 .002267 .00433 .004513 -.021447 -.000997 .000993 white | .013517 -.026603 .012995 -.005542 -.070864 .032292 .005486 lwhitemg | -.001315 .001322 -.002645 -.000284 .013768 -.001879 -.000455 _cons | .047909 .002243 17.8617 -.598978 -65.4347 -.059135 .051701

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .063092 ldist | .030484 .104403 lopen | .001137 .001902 .002799 english | -.009262 .019453 .000103 .048584 white | .019636 .000072 -.002083 .016794 1.162 lwhitemg | .000608 .000536 .000093 -.001026 -.098354 .009077 _cons | -1.31833 -.986957 .093691 .088706 .602355 -.155843 639.279

. xtgls lrmsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1315.73Log likelihood = -373.0931 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0332241 .0174652 1.90 0.057 -.0010071 .0674553 lgdp | .2359935 .0582125 4.05 0.000 .1218992 .3500879 lgdpau | -.1519145 .3322602 -0.46 0.648 -.8031326 .4993036lgdpdfrati~w | -.4175306 .2010858 -2.08 0.038 -.8116516 -.0234097 lpopau | 2.229709 1.177562 1.89 0.058 -.0782694 4.537688 lpop | .0957765 .0725517 1.32 0.187 -.0464223 .2379752 lxrate1 | -.0796224 .0190397 -4.18 0.000 -.1169396 -.0423052 lremote | -.1446774 .1170047 -1.24 0.216 -.3740024 .0846475 ldist | -1.340668 .2153528 -6.23 0.000 -1.762752 -.9185842 lopen | .0099701 .0258503 0.39 0.700 -.0406954 .0606357 english | 1.969354 .2211706 8.90 0.000 1.535867 2.40284 white | 9.38285 1.79687 5.22 0.000 5.861049 12.90465 lwhitemg | -.7056266 .1847715 -3.82 0.000 -1.067772 -.3434811 _cons | -24.22516 11.80071 -2.05 0.040 -47.35413 -1.096184------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000305 lgdp | -.000343 .003389 lgdpau | .000139 -.000824 .110397lgdpdfrati~w | -.000494 -.000414 -.002234 .040436 lpopau | -.000715 .003282 -.377239 .024789 1.38665 lpop | .000141 -.003266 .000353 .000991 -.004606 .005264 lxrate1 | -.000016 .000193 .001262 .000773 -.006037 -.000189 .000363 lremote | .000189 .001197 -.007209 -.003866 .025128 -.000748 -.000425 ldist | .000821 .000707 -.001797 -.00145 -.000727 .002635 -.000349 lopen | .000027 -.000245 .000224 .001128 -.002169 .00032 5.0e-06 english | -.000246 -.003053 .003319 .003576 -.008298 .005222 .000304 white | .001829 -.025231 .008767 .003158 -.04843 .028072 .000905 lwhitemg | -.000177 .001461 -.000899 -.000038 .004205 -.001886 -.000076 _cons | .00321 -.071454 3.45133 -.355823 -13.3274 .037757 .070774

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .01369 ldist | .001215 .046377 lopen | -.000099 -.000058 .000668 english | -.004679 .016014 -.000021 .048916 white | .010006 -.027151 .001392 .0769 3.22874 lwhitemg | -.000393 .001459 -.000077 -.007227 -.327314 .03414 _cons | -.367995 -.451663 .031185 -.084495 .834809 -.057696 139.257

. xtgls lrmsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1042.25Log likelihood = -834.6289 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1401115 .064168 2.18 0.029 .0143445 .2658785 lgdp | .5638548 .1102065 5.12 0.000 .347854 .7798556 lgdpau | -2.238201 1.084074 -2.06 0.039 -4.362948 -.1134542lgdpdfrati~w | -1.026845 .4346136 -2.36 0.018 -1.878672 -.1750176 lpopau | 4.631849 3.715639 1.25 0.213 -2.650671 11.91437 lpop | .1765555 .1259424 1.40 0.161 -.070287 .423398 lxrate1 | -.1430018 .0396933 -3.60 0.000 -.2207993 -.0652043 lremote | 1.653681 .2733644 6.05 0.000 1.117897 2.189466 ldist | -1.7015 .4896401 -3.48 0.001 -2.661177 -.7418232 lopen | -.0050365 .0764166 -0.07 0.947 -.1548104 .1447373 english | .3013289 .2585584 1.17 0.244 -.2054363 .8080941 white | 10.63074 1.472182 7.22 0.000 7.745317 13.51617 lwhitemg | -.8281028 .1420813 -5.83 0.000 -1.106577 -.5496286 _cons | -27.98585 34.94971 -0.80 0.423 -96.48602 40.51432------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004118 lgdp | -.004347 .012145 lgdpau | -.002241 .00596 1.17522lgdpdfrati~w | -.00176 .004539 .0015 .188889

lpopau | .00398 -.028695 -3.927 .040377 13.806 lpop | .001583 -.010464 -.002932 -.002821 .013178 .015861 lxrate1 | .000062 .001665 .000865 .001509 -.009564 -.001582 .001576 lremote | .001483 -.002803 -.033089 -.02071 .085094 .002806 .000855 ldist | .01223 -.010728 -.011199 -.010797 -.001452 .015386 -.002421 lopen | .000341 -.000809 .006133 .000904 -.032687 .002117 -.000369 english | -.005567 .010898 .007147 .001249 -.027821 -.008737 -.000583 white | .026431 -.051722 -.044015 -.039513 .075537 .051356 .004103 lwhitemg | -.002944 .00306 .000189 .001137 .009809 -.0026 -.000716 _cons | -.08333 .349604 34.6349 -.67051 -126.43 -.325096 .132229

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .074728 ldist | .022341 .239747 lopen | .002863 .004345 .00584 english | -.003461 .025594 -.000743 .066852 white | .118448 .132176 .002209 .029068 2.16732 lwhitemg | -.004585 -.016911 -.0001 -.00493 -.19899 .020187 _cons | -1.38643 -2.20927 .303784 -.032621 -2.18845 .024293 1221.48

. xtgls lrmsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 562.22Log likelihood = -129.5967 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0336417 .028892 1.16 0.244 -.0229855 .0902689 lgdp | .1582913 .059571 2.66 0.008 .0415343 .2750483 lgdpau | .3880277 .410687 0.94 0.345 -.416904 1.192959lgdpdfrati~w | .3493111 .1850491 1.89 0.059 -.0133784 .7120007 lpopau | 2.553746 1.451319 1.76 0.078 -.2907874 5.398279 lpop | .2880174 .0807727 3.57 0.000 .1297059 .4463289 lxrate1 | -.0315138 .0165008 -1.91 0.056 -.0638548 .0008271 lremote | -.0280717 .1282207 -0.22 0.827 -.2793796 .2232362 ldist | -2.248079 .4209533 -5.34 0.000 -3.073132 -1.423026 lopen | .0604777 .0384071 1.57 0.115 -.0147987 .1357542 english | .8370789 .1870052 4.48 0.000 .4705554 1.203602 white | 15.73417 1.213624 12.96 0.000 13.35551 18.11283 lwhitemg | -1.331886 .1129291 -11.79 0.000 -1.553223 -1.110549 _cons | -38.86975 14.93045 -2.60 0.009 -68.13289 -9.60661------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000835 lgdp | -.00065 .003549 lgdpau | -.000598 -.000037 .168664lgdpdfrati~w | -.000715 .000818 -.000579 .034243 lpopau | .001643 .00109 -.565795 .016386 2.10633 lpop | -.00011 -.002647 .000475 .000568 -.005107 .006524 lxrate1 | .000049 .000103 .000175 .000555 -.002649 -.000121 .000272 lremote | .000844 .002074 -.00747 -.003364 .021474 -.001697 .000107 ldist | .00234 -.003863 -.009947 -.007663 -.000598 .009069 .00007 lopen | -.000017 -.000052 .000228 .000301 -.004638 .000545 -.000052 english | -.001249 -.000755 .003199 .002578 -.015681 .004864 .000145

white | .004066 -.016998 .029599 -.003953 -.274804 .026127 .003624 lwhitemg | -.00047 .000927 -.003055 .000221 .027116 -.001984 -.000387 _cons | -.028725 -.033349 5.11653 -.215113 -20.2376 -.04347 .035691

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .016441 ldist | .016067 .177202 lopen | .00003 .000306 .001475 english | -.004812 .007624 .000126 .034971 white | -.005181 -.019187 -.000397 .046208 1.47288 lwhitemg | .000597 .002827 .000057 -.003927 -.13394 .012753 _cons | -.475933 -1.62893 .061345 .080091 3.93444 -.386996 222.918

. xtgls lrmsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 263.95Log likelihood = 130.6573 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.0012372 .0187315 -0.07 0.947 -.0379502 .0354759 lgdp | .2841366 .0516767 5.50 0.000 .1828522 .385421 lgdpau | -.2863557 .3583721 -0.80 0.424 -.9887522 .4160408lgdpdfrati~w | -.0934391 .1427407 -0.65 0.513 -.3732057 .1863275 lpopau | 4.326002 1.302174 3.32 0.001 1.773789 6.878216 lpop | -.0756201 .062697 -1.21 0.228 -.198504 .0472638 lxrate1 | -.0996891 .0153096 -6.51 0.000 -.1296955 -.0696828 lremote | .3574104 .132016 2.71 0.007 .0986637 .6161571 ldist | -1.292376 .2839327 -4.55 0.000 -1.848874 -.7358784 lopen | .0274436 .0285614 0.96 0.337 -.0285357 .0834228 english | .245058 .1735291 1.41 0.158 -.0950528 .5851688 white | 9.268408 2.040971 4.54 0.000 5.268178 13.26864 lwhitemg | -.7848095 .1945215 -4.03 0.000 -1.166065 -.4035543 _cons | -59.26826 13.78325 -4.30 0.000 -86.28293 -32.25358------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000351 lgdp | -.000357 .00267 lgdpau | .000253 -.000551 .128431lgdpdfrati~w | -.000442 .000452 -.00619 .020375 lpopau | -.002563 .003308 -.440165 .027578 1.69566 lpop | .00006 -.002357 -.00021 -.000057 .001444 .003931 lxrate1 | 3.6e-06 .00001 .000458 .000472 -.004336 -.000122 .000234 lremote | .000281 .001873 -.007888 -.001213 .027007 -.001563 -.000049 ldist | .001646 -.001846 -.002345 -.001401 .003056 .005125 .00006 lopen | -6.0e-06 -7.7e-06 .000127 .000212 -.001628 .000191 -.000028 english | -.000396 -.002136 -.000106 .000748 .02269 .005082 .000187 white | .002601 -.016003 .016429 -.005031 -.134832 .016649 .001832 lwhitemg | -.000297 .001023 -.002039 .000479 .013897 -.001314 -.000136 _cons | .023689 -.059613 4.04254 -.301314 -16.9478 -.063514 .059928

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .017428

ldist | .007017 .080618 lopen | .000088 -.000453 .000816 english | -.00149 .017785 -.000257 .030112 white | -.000784 .018844 -.00067 .038606 4.16556 lwhitemg | .000744 -.002852 .000091 -.003604 -.390466 .037839 _cons | -.476659 -.870091 .024807 -.568487 1.70255 -.156501 189.978

. xtgls lrmsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 530.50Log likelihood = -666.9943 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1741921 .0531461 3.28 0.001 .0700276 .2783566 lgdp | .8031039 .105892 7.58 0.000 .5955594 1.010648 lgdpau | -.6645883 .6980581 -0.95 0.341 -2.032757 .7035804lgdpdfrati~w | -.3136804 .2862202 -1.10 0.273 -.8746616 .2473009 lpopau | 4.077722 2.406255 1.69 0.090 -.638451 8.793895 lpop | -.3593938 .1511205 -2.38 0.017 -.6555846 -.0632031 lxrate1 | -.1416109 .0314878 -4.50 0.000 -.2033259 -.0798959 lremote | .149971 .2415415 0.62 0.535 -.3234416 .6233837 ldist | -3.29016 .696371 -4.72 0.000 -4.655022 -1.925298 lopen | .0380571 .0681386 0.56 0.576 -.0954922 .1716064 english | -.6033397 .4364128 -1.38 0.167 -1.458693 .2520136 white | 20.55658 4.166998 4.93 0.000 12.38942 28.72375 lwhitemg | -1.846737 .3845086 -4.80 0.000 -2.60036 -1.093114 _cons | -29.69301 23.63155 -1.26 0.209 -76.01 16.62398------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002825 lgdp | -.002364 .011213 lgdpau | .001442 -.00158 .487285lgdpdfrati~w | -.001878 .003361 -.012891 .081922 lpopau | -.009374 -.000755 -1.62262 .069416 5.79006 lpop | -.000065 -.008407 -.001465 -.001756 -.007161 .022837 lxrate1 | .000154 .000518 .002078 .001267 -.010876 -.000812 .000991 lremote | .000958 .004943 -.021484 -.012684 .040704 -.003166 .0005 ldist | .011268 .01459 -.00544 -.003448 -.062368 .003892 .000617 lopen | .000456 -.001054 -.000788 .000127 -.012086 .002067 -.000174 english | -.006105 .002917 .000848 .005744 -.018062 .019944 .000542 white | .007788 -.03675 .127168 .011671 -.412292 .083767 .005343 lwhitemg | -.001326 .001544 -.013466 -.002441 .046242 -.006473 -.000613 _cons | .044927 -.242198 14.4297 -.79727 -53.1227 -.02254 .110951

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .058342 ldist | .034446 .484933 lopen | .000802 .003507 .004643 english | -.002982 .137194 -.001634 .190456 white | .033781 .265669 .004432 .318573 17.3639 lwhitemg | -.000522 -.041148 -.000284 -.034068 -1.57594 .147847 _cons | -1.00715 -4.21467 .173758 -1.40493 .01034 .069994 558.45

. xtgls lrmsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1229.08Log likelihood = -556.2629 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1916768 .0450185 4.26 0.000 .1034422 .2799113 lgdp | .6598714 .0992489 6.65 0.000 .4653472 .8543956 lgdpau | .5422724 .6121049 0.89 0.376 -.6574311 1.741976lgdpdfrati~w | .0240442 .2668064 0.09 0.928 -.4988867 .546975 lpopau | -1.95847 2.113812 -0.93 0.354 -6.101466 2.184526 lpop | .4482449 .1294636 3.46 0.001 .194501 .7019888 lxrate1 | -.0823557 .0281537 -2.93 0.003 -.137536 -.0271753 lremote | -.2218891 .2176377 -1.02 0.308 -.648451 .2046729 ldist | -2.39795 .4403442 -5.45 0.000 -3.261009 -1.534892 lopen | -.0740876 .0680914 -1.09 0.277 -.2075442 .0593691 english | 1.083879 .3205762 3.38 0.001 .4555611 1.712197 white | 23.99887 3.003244 7.99 0.000 18.11262 29.88512 lwhitemg | -2.304733 .2678848 -8.60 0.000 -2.829777 -1.779688 _cons | 24.01382 20.43145 1.18 0.240 -16.03108 64.05873------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002027 lgdp | -.001789 .00985 lgdpau | -.002199 .004641 .374672lgdpdfrati~w | -.001585 .002588 -.008823 .071186 lpopau | .006837 -.032027 -1.25054 .032537 4.4682 lpop | .000368 -.008577 -.003461 -.002186 .016578 .016761 lxrate1 | .000035 .000627 .000671 .001236 -.006032 -.000816 .000793 lremote | .000318 .003893 -.01762 -.014958 .037389 -.003023 .000521 ldist | .007353 -.002889 -.009738 -.001869 .006061 .016549 .000205 lopen | .000219 -.000022 .000072 .002011 -.010443 .001178 -.000058 english | -.003169 .00262 .006598 .005394 -.028168 -.001001 .000634 white | .005081 -.034855 .011492 -.013029 .008341 .058152 .00284 lwhitemg | -.000806 .001279 -.002655 -.000188 .007872 -.004058 -.000291 _cons | -.10248 .322203 11.129 -.2487 -41.3041 -.384666 .070804

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .047366 ldist | .005017 .193903 lopen | .001272 .001323 .004636 english | -.007735 .056085 -.001611 .102769 white | .024742 .0353 .003813 .009042 9.01948 lwhitemg | .000223 -.007541 -.000428 .000467 -.789629 .071762 _cons | -.646361 -1.97738 .129439 -.231556 -1.17365 .049961 417.444

. xtgls lrmsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1856.15Log likelihood = -745.4062 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .054746 .0318252 1.72 0.085 -.0076302 .1171222 lgdp | 1.018625 .0938888 10.85 0.000 .8346068 1.202644 lgdpau | .9517107 .6671168 1.43 0.154 -.3558143 2.259236lgdpdfrati~w | -.0667853 .2602092 -0.26 0.797 -.5767859 .4432154 lpopau | 3.072906 2.321847 1.32 0.186 -1.477831 7.623643 lpop | -.4748268 .1385202 -3.43 0.001 -.7463214 -.2033321 lxrate1 | -.1463923 .0215648 -6.79 0.000 -.1886585 -.1041261 lremote | -.4442891 .1864482 -2.38 0.017 -.8097208 -.0788573 ldist | -2.114951 .7116208 -2.97 0.003 -3.509703 -.7202002 lopen | -.0431171 .0693442 -0.62 0.534 -.1790291 .092795 english | .0803294 .3359751 0.24 0.811 -.5781697 .7388286 white | 28.33942 2.628958 10.78 0.000 23.18675 33.49208 lwhitemg | -2.639114 .2548814 -10.35 0.000 -3.138673 -2.139556 _cons | -64.61744 23.35725 -2.77 0.006 -110.3968 -18.83808------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001013 lgdp | -.001661 .008815 lgdpau | -.000206 .001098 .445045lgdpdfrati~w | -.001711 .003688 -.012571 .067709 lpopau | -.005673 -.008546 -1.48403 .045335 5.39098 lpop | .001546 -.010903 -.004025 -.003511 .026698 .019188 lxrate1 | .00005 .000283 .000408 .000718 -.008172 -.000615 .000465 lremote | .001144 .003889 -.017441 -.003579 .019882 -.002955 .000327 ldist | .005583 .013183 -.022909 -.001828 -.045354 .008781 .00113 lopen | .000285 -.000777 -.000472 .004453 -.00637 .001057 -.000296 english | -.000933 .002651 .001458 .002435 -.006798 .000412 .000815 white | .015119 -.054027 .014855 -.027906 -.282547 .067875 .007381 lwhitemg | -.001359 .003633 -.002829 .002042 .033511 -.00493 -.000712 _cons | .045997 -.070516 13.364 -.461438 -50.4776 -.452256 .111533

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .034763 ldist | .059613 .506404 lopen | .000905 .001661 .004809 english | .002013 .073829 -.001542 .112879 white | .033403 .092855 -.006 .207177 6.91142 lwhitemg | -.002313 -.016311 .000764 -.023147 -.659747 .064965 _cons | -.790033 -4.48243 .09411 -.726139 3.1735 -.301258 545.561

. xtgls lrmsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 509.91

Log likelihood = -569.6462 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3888354 .0587287 6.62 0.000 .2737292 .5039415 lgdp | .3250263 .0993013 3.27 0.001 .1303994 .5196532 lgdpau | 1.121856 .7368572 1.52 0.128 -.3223574 2.56607lgdpdfrati~w | -.5061712 .3144271 -1.61 0.107 -1.122437 .1100945 lpopau | -4.505246 2.543563 -1.77 0.077 -9.490538 .4800466 lpop | .28369 .1061916 2.67 0.008 .0755583 .4918217 lxrate1 | -.0727712 .0344758 -2.11 0.035 -.1403425 -.0052 lremote | -.0013981 .2272992 -0.01 0.995 -.4468963 .4441002 ldist | -1.314672 .5755013 -2.28 0.022 -2.442634 -.1867107 lopen | .109077 .0713822 1.53 0.126 -.0308295 .2489834 english | -.06372 .2773284 -0.23 0.818 -.6072737 .4798336 white | 19.00005 2.062604 9.21 0.000 14.95742 23.04268 lwhitemg | -1.807048 .1960032 -9.22 0.000 -2.191207 -1.422889 _cons | 48.90214 24.09476 2.03 0.042 1.677276 96.127------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003449 lgdp | -.003162 .009861 lgdpau | -.00219 .00637 .542959lgdpdfrati~w | -.002462 .005935 -.009589 .098864 lpopau | .004537 -.034181 -1.81523 .04972 6.46971 lpop | .00105 -.00653 -.004382 -.00424 .011927 .011277 lxrate1 | .000341 .0005 -.000249 .000856 -.003747 -.000677 .001189 lremote | .00022 .00275 -.009661 -.017112 -.001207 .001033 .001516 ldist | .011229 -.000479 -.006412 -.011669 -.064554 .008305 .000501 lopen | -.000265 .000747 .002117 .000123 -.022328 .001601 -.000161 english | -.003824 .007082 .005766 .002324 -.025045 -.000282 -.001656 white | .022906 -.038742 -.004267 -.070447 .077318 .015149 -.001325 lwhitemg | -.00262 .002152 -.001417 .004207 .003429 -.000306 -.000211 _cons | -.091353 .272077 15.9632 -.46604 -58.6063 -.203109 .045084

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .051665 ldist | .036561 .331202 lopen | .002259 .003024 .005095 english | .006812 .087252 -.000191 .076911 white | .109107 .208273 -.007738 .134341 4.25434 lwhitemg | -.007524 -.029582 .000713 -.015969 -.395381 .038417 _cons | -.598391 -2.41969 .230195 -.771325 -3.59914 .301325 580.557

. xtgls lrmsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1382.54Log likelihood = -278.9391 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrmsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0018989 .0241552 0.08 0.937 -.0454445 .0492422 lgdp | .4503347 .0844015 5.34 0.000 .2849109 .6157585

lgdpau | -.3178833 .5088698 -0.62 0.532 -1.31525 .6794831lgdpdfrati~w | .1582394 .2273601 0.70 0.486 -.2873781 .603857 lpopau | 1.187931 1.757574 0.68 0.499 -2.256851 4.632714 lpop | -.2174728 .1230594 -1.77 0.077 -.4586649 .0237193 lxrate1 | -.0394345 .0229946 -1.71 0.086 -.0845032 .0056342 lremote | -.0109054 .174702 -0.06 0.950 -.3533151 .3315043 ldist | -4.000898 .5242254 -7.63 0.000 -5.028361 -2.973435 lopen | .0047038 .0499084 0.09 0.925 -.0931149 .1025225 english | .0095037 .2907689 0.03 0.974 -.5603927 .5794002 white | 16.7112 2.591903 6.45 0.000 11.63116 21.79123 lwhitemg | -1.235508 .2776063 -4.45 0.000 -1.779606 -.6914091 _cons | 21.46865 17.58952 1.22 0.222 -13.00617 55.94347------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000583 lgdp | -.000741 .007124 lgdpau | -.000031 -.001336 .258948lgdpdfrati~w | -.000959 .002549 -.010618 .051693 lpopau | -.000763 -.001328 -.864703 .055776 3.08907 lpop | .000214 -.006647 -.000478 -.001123 -.004483 .015144 lxrate1 | -.000033 .000191 .001266 .00101 -.00616 -.000504 .000529 lremote | .000129 .002491 -.018031 -.003892 .051999 -.002733 -.000115 ldist | .002375 .003835 -.011239 -.001171 -.010331 .017481 -.000414 lopen | .000051 -.000126 -.001502 .001454 .000365 .000801 6.4e-07 english | -.001263 .001338 .001607 .00198 -.005663 .004289 .000608 white | .004156 -.038831 .034125 -.0156 -.268629 .071866 .001907 lwhitemg | -.000448 .001661 -.004649 .000767 .033515 -.005712 -7.7e-06 _cons | .001369 -.053956 7.8582 -.693782 -28.8578 -.144321 .074257

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .030521 ldist | .01429 .274812 lopen | .000138 .001076 .002491 english | .000251 .054433 .000294 .084547 white | -.000076 .144111 -.000513 .10825 6.71796 lwhitemg | .00264 -.01915 .000113 -.011073 -.709168 .077065 _cons | -.80315 -2.66971 .011651 -.579903 1.88902 -.219722 309.391

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. log close log: K:\ppNewGuinea_to_CostaRica.log log type: text closed on: 25 Jul 2006, 22:33:06--------------------------------------------------------------------------------