pp report.middlesex final nov 2009 - s3.amazonaws.comcounty+final+report.+no… · energy audit...

510 Thornall Street, Suite 170Edison, NJ 08837Phone: 732-590-0122Fax: 732-590-0129

Energy AuditEnergy Audit

Prepared For:Middlesex County

ContactJeffrey Mayerowitz

Prepared By:Dome–Tech, Inc.

Prepared Under theGuidelines of the State of NJLocal Government EnergyAudit Program

November, 2009

FINALFINAL

510 Thornall Street, Suite 170Edison, NJ 08837

Tel: 732.590.0122Fax: 732.590.0129

www.dome-tech.com

Commissioning HVAC Performance Testing Energy Audits Project Management

Retro-Commissioning Facility Management Consulting Energy Procurement

MIDDLESEX COUNTY

ENERGY AUDIT REPORT

Table Of Contents

Section Page

1. Executive Summary 3

2. ECM SummaryBy Payback 5By Building 7

3. Energy Audit ReportEnergy Audit Purpose & Scope 9Historic Energy Consumption 10Facility Description 14Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction 26Notes and Assumptions 27Energy Conservation Measures 28ECM Funding Sources 49Renewable/Distributed Energy Measures 50Energy Procurement 60Operations & Maintenance Items 64Next Steps 66

4. AppendixPortfolio Manager/Energy Star 67Facilities Total Annual Energy Use 71Energy Use Graphs 83Equipment Inventories 92Lighting Inventories 108ECM Costs & Calculations 140Renewables Calculations 179

510 Thornall Street, Suite 170Edison, NJ 08837

Tel: 732.590.0122Fax: 732.590.0129

www.dome-tech.com

Commissioning HVAC Performance Testing Energy Audits Project Management

Retro-Commissioning Facility Management Consulting Energy Procurement

November 1 , 2009

Mr. Jeffrey MayerowitzCounty of MiddlesexDepartment of Public Property711 Jersey AvenueNew Brunswick, NJ 08901

RE: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR MIDDLESEX COUNTYSTATE OF NEW JERSEY LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENERGY AUDIT

Dear Mr. Mayerowitz,

Dome-Tech was retained by Middlesex County, as a prequalified participant in the Local GovernmentEnergy Audit Program, to perform an energy audit. The objective of the energy audit was to evaluate theenergy consumption of a number of County buildings, establish baselines for energy efficiency andidentify opportunities to reduce the amount of energy used and/or its cost.

The scope of the audit is standardized under the Program, and consisted of the following:

Benchmarking historic energy consumption utilizing EPA Energy Star’s Portfolio Manager Characterizing building use, occupancy, size, and construction Providing a detailed equipment list including estimated service life and efficiency Identifying energy conservation measures Evaluating the economic viability of various renewable/distributed energy technologies Performing a utility tariff analysis and assessing savings potential from energy procurement

strategies Providing the method of analyses

Presently, the Middlesex County facilities have an annual expenditure of:

Electricity: 8,062,940 kWh at a total cost of $1,193,421 Natural Gas: 496,584 therms at a total cost of $589,916

Please refer to Section 2 of this report for a detailed list of identified Energy Conservation Measures(ECMs), along with a summary of their preliminary economics (estimated project cost, estimated annualenergy savings, applicable rebate(s), etc.). In this report, all identified ECM’s are ranked and presentedaccording to their simple payback; however, please note that the master ECM table can also be sorted bybuilding, by measure type, by campus, etc.

If all identified ECM’s were to be implemented, they would provide the following estimated benefits toMiddlesex County:

Total annual electrical savings: 1,101,700 kilowatt-hours; 13.6% Total annual natural gas savings: 16,370 therms of natural gas usage; 0.3% Total annual energy cost savings: $173,220; 9% Total annual CO2 emissions reduction: 480 tons Total estimated gross implementation cost: $851,375

“Building Performance - Delivered”

Total estimated rebates: $106,230 Total estimated net implementation cost: $745,145 Total average simple payback: 4.3 yrs

Those projects that are highly recommended for implementation include: roof-top unit replacements,lighting upgrades, implementing demand control ventilation, installing programmable thermostats,installing vending misers on vending machines, optimizing the hot water system, optimizing spacesetpoints, implementing an energy awareness education program, installing ENERGY STAR kitchenequipment, and conducting a cogeneration/microturbine study.

Of the eleven Middlesex County buildings surveyed, only four were applicable for submission to theENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager rating program. The average rating for the four buildings was 13,when data was entered into the US EPA ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager database. Buildings withratings of 75 or higher may qualify for the ENERGY STAR Building Label.

Distributed/Renewable Energy Systems were reviewed for the County buildings with the followingconclusions:

A Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) installation is not recommended as an immediate retrofitproject. However, a detailed life cycle analysis of a GSHP system versus a traditional HVACsystem is recommended once the existing equipment exceeds the estimated equipment servicelife.

Dome-Tech considered three different types of wind turbine technologies that consisted of bothbuilding-mounted and traditional ground-mounted variety. Due to attractive payback and highpotential for energy reduction, the 50 kilowatt ground mounted wind turbine project appears to bethe most attractive option. Should Middlesex County decide to pursue a wind turbine project,Dome-Tech recommends commissioning a more detailed study.

Several different photovoltaic systems (roof mount, ground mount, and covered parking lot) thatcould provide from 4% to 63% of the annual energy usage for these buildings were assessed forimplementation and recommended for a number of different potential locations (See report fordetails).

CHP, Fuel Cells, and Micro-turbines were also researched, but are not recommended due to thelack of thermal requirements in the summertime.

Regarding the procurement of utilities, Dome-Tech understands that Middlesex County’s buildings areserved by eleven electric accounts behind Public Service Electric and Gas Company. One account isserved under rate class General Service Secondary (GSS) and one account serves outdoor street lightingunder rate class (SWV-01S). The County should consider shopping for electric generation service for itsBGS-FP accounts. The County is served by 8 natural gas accounts behind Public Service Electric andGas Company. If the County seeks longer-term rate stability, now is an ideal time to entertain it through afixed-price arrangement with a retail supplier.

During the development of this audit, Dome-Tech was assisted by facility personnel, who were bothknowledgeable and very helpful to our efforts. We would like to acknowledge and thank those individuals.

Sincerely,

John Butterly, P.E.Senior Energy Engineer

MIDDLESEX COUNTY - ECM Summary by ECM Prepared by Dome-Tech, Inc.

Energy Conservation Measures

(ECM) Buildings

Gross

Installation

Costs*

Rebates/

Incentive

Net

Implementation

Costs

Annual

Energy

Cost

Savings*

Annual

Oper.

Cost

Savings*

Total

Annual

Cost

Savings*

Simple

Pay

Back*

CO2

Savings

Return on

Investment

(ROI) Lifetime*

kWh Therms

1 Set Point Optimization Adult Correction 102,000 690 $490 $0 $490 $16,800 $0 $16,800 0.03 38 3429% na

2 Programmable Thermostats Archives 52,000 2,500 $630 $0 $630 $11,700 $0 $11,700 0.1 32 1857% na

2 Programmable Thermostats Road Dept. Bldg B 3,660 8,500 $780 $0 $780 $12,200 $0 $12,200 0.1 51 1564% na

2 Programmable Thermostats Central Vehicle 1,550 850 $160 $0 $160 $1,500 $0 $1,500 0.1 5 938% na

2 Programmable Thermostats Road Dept. Bldg C 720 850 $160 $0 $160 $1,300 $0 $1,300 0.1 5 813% na

2 Programmable Thermostats Road Dept. Bldg A 13,400 940 $780 $0 $780 $3,400 $0 $3,400 0.2 10 436% na

2 Programmable Thermostats Sheriff's Substation 3,310 0 $470 $0 $470 $530 $0 $530 0.9 1 113% na

3 Reflective Coating for Windows Juvenile Detention 73,500 0 $10,000 $0 $10,000 $9,300 $0 $9,300 1.1 24 93% $46,500

4 Vending Machine Power Management Sheriff's Substation 930 0 $260 $0 $260 $150 $0 $150 1.7 0.3 58% na

4 Vending Machine Power Management Adult Correction 2,780 0 $790 $0 $790 $430 $0 $430 1.8 1 54% na

5 Premium Efficient Motors (incr cost) Road Dept. Bldg B 1,900 0 $170 $160 $10 $280 $0 $280 0.0 1 2800% $5,040

5 Premium Efficient Motors (incr cost) Adult Correction 10,900 0 $2,000 $950 $1,050 $1,700 $0 $1,700 0.6 4 162% $30,600

6 Domestic- Hot Water Optimization Adult Correction 0 1,300 $130 $0 $130 $1,500 $0 $1,500 0.1 7 1154% na

6 Domestic- Hot Water Optimization Youth Shelter 700 0.0 25.0 $0 25.0 110.0 0.0 110.0 0.2 0.2 440% na

6 Domestic- Hot Water Optimization Juvenile Detention 0 1,200 $400 $0 $400 $1,600 $0 $1,600 0.3 7 400% na

7 AHU SEER Upgrade (incr cost) Archives 7,640 0 $9,300 $7,500 $1,800 $1,200 $0 $1,200 1.5 3 67% $18,000

7 AHU SEER Upgrade (incr cost) Central Vehicle 330 0 $300 $160 $140 $50 $0 $50 2.8 0.1 36% $750

7 AHU SEER Upgrade (incr cost) Adult Correction 35,700 0 $37,200 $20,300 $16,900 $5,600 $0 $5,600 3.0 12 33% $84,000

8 Domestic- Hot Water Timer Central Vehicle 370 0 $220 $0 $220 $60 $0 $60 3.7 0.1 27% na

9 E-Star Equipment Upgrades Adult Correction 37,500 0 $27,800 $0 $27,800 $6,900 $0 $6,900 4.0 12 25% $69,000

9 E-Star Equipment Upgrades Juvenile Detention 32,500 0 $27,200 $0 $27,200 $4,600 $0 $4,600 5.9 11 17% $46,000

10 DCV Demand Control Ventilation Adult Correction 19,900 1,400 $13,200 $0 $13,200 $4,700 $0 $4,700 2.8 15 36% na

10 DCV Demand Control Ventilation Juvenile Detention 8,360 0 $6,600 $0 $6,600 $2,300 $0 $2,300 2.9 3 35% na

10 DCV Demand Control Ventilation Youth Shelter 4,610 240 $12,700 $0 $12,700 $1,300 $0 $1,300 9.8 3 10% na

Energy Savings

MIDDLESEX COUNTY - ECM Summary by ECM Prepared by Dome-Tech, Inc.


(ECM) Buildings

Gross

Installation

Costs*

Rebates/

Incentive

Net

Implementation

Costs

Annual

Energy

Cost

Savings*

Annual

Oper.

Cost

Savings*

Total

Annual

Cost

Savings*

Simple

Pay

Back*

CO2

Savings

Return on

Investment

(ROI) Lifetime*

kWh Therms

Energy Savings

11

Replace Electric DHW Htr and/or

Boosters w Gas Equipment Adult Correction 62,100 -2,500 $11,000 $0 $11,000 $6,800 $0 $6,800 1.6 6 62% $102,000

11


Boosters w Gas Equipment Central Vehicle 4,170 -200 $1,750 $0 $1,750 $420 $0 $420 4.2 0.4 24% $6,300

11


Boosters w Gas Equipment Road Dept. Bldg B 4,170 -200 $3,100 $0 $3,100 $380 $0 $380 8.2 0.4 12% $5,700

11


Boosters w Gas Equipment Youth Shelter 4,550 -200 $5,900 $0 $5,900 $680 $0 $680 8.7 0.4 12% $10,200

11


Boosters w Gas Equipment Juvenile Detention 12,500 -500 $8,300 $0 $8,300 $900 $0 $900 9.2 1 11% $13,500

12 Kitchen Hood Makeup Air System Adult Correction 3,180 1,500 $15,500 $0 $15,500 $2,200 $0 $2,200 7.0 10 14% $44,000

13 Replacing Window AC units Central Vehicle 1,950 0 $1,250 $0 $1,250 $310 $0 $310 4.0 0.6 25% $3,100

13 Replacing Window AC units Road Dept. Bldg B 390 0 $250 $0 $250 $60 $0 $60 4.2 0.1 24% $600

13 Replacing Window AC units Middlefields Group 390 0 $250 $0 $250 $60 $0 $60 4.2 0.1 24% $600

14 Lighting Sheriff's Substation 7,130 0 $6,200 $1,340 $4,860 $1,100 $0 $1,100 4.4 2 23% na

14 Lighting Youth Shelter 22,300 0 $17,900 $2,470 $15,430 $3,100 $0 $3,100 5.0 7 20% na

14 Lighting Road Dept 25,000 0 $26,000 $4,210 $21,790 $3,800 $0 $3,800 5.7 8 17% na

14 Lighting Road Dept. Bldg A 8,870 0 $8,700 $1,690 $7,010 $1,100 $0 $1,100 6.4 3 16% na

14 Lighting Central Vehicle 18,200 0 $23,300 $3,280 $20,020 $2,900 $0 $2,900 6.9 6 14% na

14 Lighting Juvenile Detention 138,000 0 $155,000 $18,900 $136,100 $18,000 $0 $18,000 7.6 46 13% na

14 Lighting Truck Garage 16,600 0 $22,600 $2,980 $19,620 $2,500 $0 $2,500 7.8 5 13% na

14 Lighting Adult Correction 337,000 0 $300,000 $34,700 $265,300 $27,000 $0 $27,000 9.8 111 10% na

14 Lighting Middlefields Group 610 0 $1,100 $180 $920 $92 $0 $92 10.0 0.2 10% na

14 Lighting Archives 17,000 0 $38,700 $6,630 $32,070 $2,600 $0 $2,600 12.3 6 8% na

14 LightingStorage Barn

320 0 $710 $80 $630 $48 $0 $48 13.1 0.1 8% na

15 Hot water pump VFD Adult Correction 0 0 $47,700 $700 $47,000 $9,500 $0 $9,500 4.9 20 20% $142,500

16

Walk-in Cooler Freezer - evaporated fan

controls Adult Correction 1,810 0 $2,200 $0 $2,200 $300 $0 $300 7.3 0.6 14% na

16


controls Juvenile Detention 1,200 0 $2,200 $0 $2,200 $160 $0 $160 13.8 0.4 7% na

* Estimated TOTALS 1,101,700 16,370 $851,375 $106,230 $745,145 $173,220 $0 $173,220 4.3 480 23% 628,390

MIDDLESEX COUNTY - ECM Summary by building Prepared by Dome-Tech, Inc.


(ECM) Buildings

Gross

Installation

Costs*

Rebates/

Incentive

Net

Implementation

Costs

Annual

Energy

Cost

Savings*

Annual

Oper.

Cost

Savings*

Total

Annual

Cost

Savings*

Simple

Pay

Back*

CO2

Savings

Return on

Investment

(ROI) Lifetime*

kWh Therms

1 Set Point Optimization Adult Correction 102,000 690 $490 $0 $490 $16,800 $0 $16,800 0.03 38 3429% na

6 Domestic- Hot Water Optimization Adult Correction 0 1,300 $130 $0 $130 $1,500 $0 $1,500 0.1 7 1154% na

5 Premium Efficient Motors (incr cost) Adult Correction 10,900 0 $2,000 $950 $1,050 $1,700 $0 $1,700 0.6 4 162% $0

11


Boosters w Gas Equipment Adult Correction 62,100 -2,500 $11,000 $0 $11,000 $6,800 $0 $6,800 1.6 6 62% $0

4 Vending Machine Power Management Adult Correction 2,780 0 $790 $0 $790 $430 $0 $430 1.8 1 54% na

10 DCV Demand Control Ventilation Adult Correction 19,900 1,400 $13,200 $0 $13,200 $4,700 $0 $4,700 2.8 15 36% na

7 AHU SEER Upgrade (incr cost) Adult Correction 35,700 0 $37,200 $20,300 $16,900 $5,600 $0 $5,600 3.0 12 33% $0

9 E-Star Equipment Upgrades Adult Correction 37,500 0 $27,800 $0 $27,800 $6,900 $0 $6,900 4.0 12 25% $34,500

15 Hot water pump VFD Adult Correction 0 0 $47,700 $700 $47,000 $9,500 $0 $9,500 4.9 20 20% $0

12 Kitchen Hood Makeup Air System Adult Correction 3,180 1,500 $15,500 $0 $15,500 $2,200 $0 $2,200 7.0 10 14% $0

16


controls Adult Correction 1,810 0 $2,200 $0 $2,200 $300 $0 $300 7.3 0.6 14% na

14 Lighting Adult Correction 337,000 0 $300,000 $34,700 $265,300 $27,000 $0 $27,000 9.8 111 10% na

2 Programmable Thermostats Archives 52,000 2,500 $630 $0 $630 $11,700 $0 $11,700 0.1 32 1857% na

7 AHU SEER Upgrade (incr cost) Archives 7,640 0 $9,300 $7,500 $1,800 $1,200 $0 $1,200 1.5 3 67% $0

14 Lighting Archives 17,000 0 $38,700 $6,630 $32,070 $2,600 $0 $2,600 12.3 6 8% na

2 Programmable Thermostats Central Vehicle 1,550 850 $160 $0 $160 $1,500 $0 $1,500 0.1 5 938% na

7 AHU SEER Upgrade (incr cost) Central Vehicle 330 0 $300 $160 $140 $50 $0 $50 2.8 0.1 36% $750

8 Domestic- Hot Water Timer Central Vehicle 370 0 $220 $0 $220 $60 $0 $60 3.7 0.1 27% na

13 Replacing Window AC units Central Vehicle 1,950 0 $1,250 $0 $1,250 $310 $0 $310 4.0 0.6 25% $0

11


Boosters w Gas Equipment Central Vehicle 4,170 -200 $1,750 $0 $1,750 $420 $0 $420 4.2 0.4 24% $4,200

14 Lighting Central Vehicle 18,200 0 $23,300 $3,280 $20,020 $2,900 $0 $2,900 6.9 6 14% na

6 Domestic- Hot Water Optimization Juvenile Detention 0 1,200 $400 $0 $400 $1,600 $0 $1,600 0.3 7 400% na

3 Reflective Coating for Windows Juvenile Detention 73,500 0 $10,000 $0 $10,000 $9,300 $0 $9,300 1.1 24 93% $0

10 DCV Demand Control Ventilation Juvenile Detention 8,360 0 $6,600 $0 $6,600 $2,300 $0 $2,300 2.9 3 35% na

Energy Savings

MIDDLESEX COUNTY - ECM Summary by building Prepared by Dome-Tech, Inc.


(ECM) Buildings

Gross

Installation

Costs*

Rebates/

Incentive

Net

Implementation

Costs

Annual

Energy

Cost

Savings*

Annual

Oper.

Cost

Savings*

Total

Annual

Cost

Savings*

Simple

Pay

Back*

CO2

Savings

Return on

Investment

(ROI) Lifetime*

kWh Therms

Energy Savings

9 E-Star Equipment Upgrades Juvenile Detention 32,500 0 $27,200 $0 $27,200 $4,600 $0 $4,600 5.9 11 17% $69,000

14 Lighting Juvenile Detention 138,000 0 $155,000 $18,900 $136,100 $18,000 $0 $18,000 7.6 46 13% na

11


Boosters w Gas Equipment Juvenile Detention 12,500 -500 $8,300 $0 $8,300 $900 $0 $900 9.2 1 11% $13,500

16


controls Juvenile Detention 1,200 0 $2,200 $0 $2,200 $160 $0 $160 13.8 0.4 7% na

13 Replacing Window AC units Middlefields Group 390 0 $250 $0 $250 $60 $0 $60 4.2 0.1 24% $900

14 Lighting Middlefields Group 610 0 $1,100 $180 $920 $92 $0 $92 10.0 0.2 10% na

14 Lighting Road Dept 25,000 0 $26,000 $4,210 $21,790 $3,800 $0 $3,800 5.7 8 17% na

2 Programmable Thermostats Road Dept. Bldg A 13,400 940 $780 $0 $780 $3,400 $0 $3,400 0.2 10 436% na

14 Lighting Road Dept. Bldg A 8,870 0 $8,700 $1,690 $7,010 $1,100 $0 $1,100 6.4 3 16% na

5 Premium Efficient Motors (incr cost) Road Dept. Bldg B 1,900 0 $170 $160 $10 $280 $0 $280 0.0 1 2800% $0

2 Programmable Thermostats Road Dept. Bldg B 3,660 8,500 $780 $0 $780 $12,200 $0 $12,200 0.1 51 1564% na

13 Replacing Window AC units Road Dept. Bldg B 390 0 $250 $0 $250 $60 $0 $60 4.2 0.1 24% $0

11


Boosters w Gas Equipment Road Dept. Bldg B 4,170 -200 $3,100 $0 $3,100 $380 $0 $380 8.2 0.4 12% $0

2 Programmable Thermostats Road Dept. Bldg C 720 850 $160 $0 $160 $1,300 $0 $1,300 0.1 5 813% na

2 Programmable Thermostats Sheriff's Substation 3,310 0 $470 $0 $470 $530 $0 $530 0.9 1 113% na

4 Vending Machine Power Management Sheriff's Substation 930 0 $260 $0 $260 $150 $0 $150 1.7 0.3 58% na

14 Lighting Sheriff's Substation 7,130 0 $6,200 $1,340 $4,860 $1,100 $0 $1,100 4.4 2 23% na

14 LightingStorage Barn

320 0 $710 $80 $630 $48 $0 $48 13.1 0.1 8% na

14 Lighting Truck Garage 16,600 0 $22,600 $2,980 $19,620 $2,500 $0 $2,500 7.8 5 13% na

6 Domestic- Hot Water Optimization Youth Shelter 700 0.0 25.0 $0 25.0 110.0 0.0 110.0 0.2 0.2 440% na

14 Lighting Youth Shelter 22,300 0 $17,900 $2,470 $15,430 $3,100 $0 $3,100 5.0 7 20% na

11


Boosters w Gas Equipment Youth Shelter 4,550 -200 $5,900 $0 $5,900 $680 $0 $680 8.7 0.4 12% $0

10 DCV Demand Control Ventilation Youth Shelter 4,610 240 $12,700 $0 $12,700 $1,300 $0 $1,300 9.8 3 10% na

* Estimated TOTALS 1,101,700 16,370 $851,375 $106,230 $745,145 $173,220 $0 $173,220 4.3 480 23% 122,850

Energy Audit Report, Middlesex County, NJ Final Version November 2009

Energy Audit Purpose & ScopeEnergy Audit Purpose & Scope

Purpose:

The objectives of the energy audit are to evaluate the site’s energy consumption,establish baselines for energy efficiency and identify opportunities to reduce the amount

of energy used and/or its cost.

Scope:

I. Historic Energy Consumption: Benchmark energy use using Energy Star PortfolioManager

II. Facility Description – Characterize building usage, occupancy, size and construction.

III. Equipment Inventory – Detailed equipment list including useful life and efficiency.

IV. Energy Conservation Measures: Identify and evaluate opportunities for cost savings andeconomic returns.

V. Renewable/Distributed Energy Measures: Evaluate economic viability of variousrenewable/distributed energy technologies.

VI. Energy Purchasing and Procurement Strategies: Perform utility tariff analysis and assesspotential for savings from energy procurement strategies.

VII. Method of Analysis: Appendices


Historic Energy ConsumptionHistoric Energy Consumption

Utility Usage and Costs Summary Time-period: July 2007 – June 2008

Please see Appendix for full utility data and consumption profiles for all Buildings.

Adult CorrectionCenter 4,926,316 $769,526 $0.16 360,664 $415,499 $1.15

Archives &Records 276,480 $42,676 $0.15 10,810 $15,808 $1.46

Central Vehicle 88,980 $14,363 $0.16 11,255 $16,714 $1.49

JuvenileDetentionCenter 2,000,480 $253,016 $0.13 52,487 $71,266 $1.36

Middlefields 28,560 $4,965 $0.17 2,996 $4,474 $1.49

RoadDepartment BuildingA 396,840 $58,177 $0.15 10,318 $15,237 $1.48

Road Department BuildingB NA NA NA 43,824 $60,406 $1.38

Road Department BuildingC 1,865 $426 $0.23 NA NA NA

Road Department BuildingD 1,332 $409 $0.31 NA NA NA

Sheriff'sSubstation 55,962 $9,008 $0.16 4,230 $6,303 $1.49

YouthShelter 286,125 $40,854 $0.14 NA NA NA

FACILITY

Electric NaturalGas

AnnualCost

$ /kWhAnnual

Consumption(therms)

AnnualCost

$/ thermAnnual

Consumption(kWh)


Historic Energy Consumption (continued)Historic Energy Consumption (continued)

ENERGY STAR SCORES

Energy Star Score is calculated to establish a facility-specific energy intensitybaseline.

Energy Star can be used to compare energy consumption to other similarfacilities and to gauge the success of energy conservation and costcontainment efforts.

Buildings with an Energy Star rating of 75, or above, are eligible to apply for anofficial Energy Star Building label.

Energy Star scores are only applicable to certain types of buildings (i.e: officebuildings & warehouses only), therefore the Score column below is marked NAwhere the facility is a different building type.

Please see Appendix for full Portfolio Manager data for all Buildings.



NOTE: Road Department Buildings Utility Data, by building and meter usage is unclear from the provided billing. Dome-Techsuggests onsite review of meters/billing for each building. We suspect a meter is missing from some of these buildings.

Facility Name Facility Address Facility

Floorspace

Rating

(SCORE)

Average Site

Energy

Intensity

(kBtu/Sq. Ft.)

Average Weather

Normalized

Source Energy

Intensity

(kBtu/Sq. Ft.)

Site Electric

Use

(kWh)

Site Natural

Gas

Use

(Therms)

Sheriff's Sub Station -Middlesex

Apple Orchard LaneNorth Brunswick, NJ 08902 5000 29 122.1 181.8 54,990 4,230

Road Department Admin.Building B - Middlesex

Apple Orchard Lane & RoadNorth Brunswick, NJ 08902 18190 13 239.7 213.4 0 43,609

Archives & RecordsManagement- Middlesex

Apple Orchard Lane & Rt.130NNorth Brunswick, NJ 08902 44258 8 43.6 84.1 251,191 10,711

Road Department Admin.Building A - Middlesex

Apple Orchard LaneNorth Brunswick, NJ 08902 6116 1 388.6 886.8 395,799 10,260

Adult Correctional Center -Middlesex

PO Box 7164North Brunswick, NJ 08902 237835 N/A 213.6 379 4709529 347340

Central Vehicle Maintenance& Repair - Middlesex

Apple Orchard LaneNorth Brunswick, NJ 08902 9313 N/A 153.3 215.8 88,484 11,254

Juvenile Detention Center -Middlesex

PO Box 7164North Brunswick, NJ 08902 71844 N/A 167.3 332.8 1,986,472 52,414

Middlefields Group Home -Middlesex

PO Box 7164North Brunswick, NJ 08902 2890 N/A 131.7 217 29194 2811

Road Department Building C,Storage Barn - Middlesex

Apple Orchard Lane & RoadNorth Brunswick, NJ 08902 14467 N/A 0.4 1.5 1,860 0

Road Department BuildingD,Salt Dome - Middlesex

Apple Orchard Lane & RoadNorth Brunswick, NJ 08902 36204 N/A 0.1 0.4 1,328 0

Youth Shelter - MiddlesexPO Box 7164North Brunswick, NJ 08902 17074 N/A 56.9 161.6 284,880 0



Portfolio Manager Sign - In

An account has been created for Middlesex County in Portfolio Manager. You willhave received an email to notify you of the generation of this account and sharedaccess with Dome-Tech. Please use this to read your buildings information. Pleasefeel free to alter this information when the report is finalized. We would ask that youleave the sign-in information alone until then. Your building’s information is currentlyshared as read only.

When the report is finalized the shared access will be changed so that you can use /edit the information and change as you wish.

Website link to sign-in:https://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/index.cfm?fuseaction=login.Login

Username: MiddlesexCounty

Password: DTMiddlesexCounty

Email for account: [email protected]


Facility InformationFacility Information

Building Name:Building Name: Building A - AdministrationGross Floor Area: 6,116 s.f.

Year Built: 1980

# Staff: 21

Construction Features:Construction Features:Facade: Brick with concrete blocks

Roof Type: Flat, built-up

Windows: Aluminum frame, dual pane, tinted. Some operable awning type

Exterior Doors: Aluminum framed, 80 percent glazed

Major Mechanical SystemsMajor Mechanical SystemsAir Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems:

One (1) 24 ton Octagon – Hot Deck / Cold Deck - packaged roof top unit (RTU) with a heating hotwater (HHW) heating coil and a direct expansion (Dx) cooling coil. This unit has been in service fortwice its estimated service life (ESL).

Boilers/ Heating Systems:

One (1) HB Smith, natural gas, direct vent boiler. It is beyond its ESL.

Two (2) ¼ hp and two (2) 1/3 hp Bell & Gossett HHW pumps (1,715 and 1,725 rpm).

One (1) AO Smith 35 gallon, domestic hot water (DHW) heater with 10 years remaining ESL.

One (1) Bell & Gossett DHW recirculation pump.


Facility DescriptionFacility Description

Building Name:Building Name: Building B – Road DepartmentGross Floor Area: 18,190 s.f.

Year Built: 1978

# Staff: 41

Construction Features:Construction Features:Facade: Masonry concrete blocks


Windows: Aluminum frame, double hung, tinted and operable

Exterior Doors: Metal clad, 20 percent glazed entrance doors and metal clad garagebay doors

Major Mechanical Systems:Major Mechanical Systems:Air Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems:

Two (2) Trane built–up air handling units (AHUs) with HHW heat – at twice ESL.

Five (5) 1 ton Sanyo Dx split system AC units with 10 years remaining ESL.

One (1) window AC unit at end of ESL.


One (1) HB Smith natural gas fired, direct vent boiler with 20 years remaining ESL.

Two (2) 2 hp HHW pumps and one (1) 3 hp HHW pump, all at end of ESL.

One (1) A O Smith 120 gallon DHW heater with 20 years remaining ESL.



Building Name:Building Name: Building C – Road Department

Gross Floor Area: 14,467 s.f.

Year Built: 1978

# Staff: 12

Construction Features:Construction Features:Facade: Masonry concrete blocks


Windows: Aluminum frame, dual pane, tinted

Exterior Doors: Metal clad entrance doors and metal clad garage bay doors


One (1) Trane built-up AHU with HHW heat at twice ESL.


Served by the boiler in Bldg B.

One (1) 3 hp HHW pump at end of ESL.

Six (6) HHW fan coil units.



Building Name:Building Name: Building D – Road DepartmentGross Floor Area: 36,204 s.f.

Year Built: 1978

Construction Features:Construction Features:Facade: Wood framing with plywood facade

Roof Type: Fiberglass Asphalt Shingles

Windows: Single Pane, vinyl window

Exterior Doors: Aluminum door

Major Mechanical Systems:Major Mechanical Systems:Boilers/ Heating Systems:

Three (3) – Propane gas fired heaters with non programmable thermostats



Building Name:Building Name: Central Vehicle MaintenanceGross Floor Area: 9,313 s.f.

Year Built: 1981; expansion in 1986

# Staff: 32

Construction Features:Construction Features:Facade: Concrete

Roof Type: Pitched steel

Windows: Aluminum frame, dual pane, tinted

Exterior Doors: Metal clad entrance doors with 10 percent glazing and metal cladgarage bay doors


One (1) Powerflame AHU, with natural gas, direct fired heat, at twice ESL.

Two (2) make-up air units (MAU), with natural gas, direct fired heat, beyond ESL.

One (1) Carrier 2 ton split system Dx AC Unit beyond ESL.

Five (5) window AC units at end of ESL.

One (1) HHW fan coil unit beyond ESL.


One (1) Weil-McLain natural gas fired, direct vent boiler with 20 years remaining ESL

Four (4) HHW Pumps – Bell & Gossett and Armstrong – at half ESL.

One (1) AO Smith 80 gallon, electric 9 kW DHW heater with 5 years remaining ESL.



Building Name:Building Name: Sheriff’s SubstationGross Floor Area: 5,000 s.f.

Year Built: 2000

# Staff: 18

Construction Features:Construction Features:Facade: Concrete block

Roof Type: Pitched asphalt shingle

Windows: Dual and single pane, double glazed, operable casement, no tint

Exterior Doors: Aluminum framed, 80 percent glazed


Three (3) Heil 2 ton package split system heat pumps with 10 years remaining ESL.


One (1) State Industries 40 gallon, natural gas DHW heater with 10 years remaining ESL.



Building Name:Building Name: Archives & Records ManagementGross Floor Area: 44,258 s.f.

Year Built: 1989

# Staff: 10

Construction Features:Construction Features:Facade: Steel frame; brick


Windows: Aluminum, double glazed, non operable

Exterior Doors: Metal clad, no glazing and aluminum framed, 80 percent glazing


Four (4) Carrier packaged RTUs with natural gas, direct fired heat and Dx cooling, at twice ESL.(various tonnages – see equipment list)

One (1) Stulz computer room AC (CRAC) unit with electric reheat and Dx cooling with 10 yearsremaining ESL.


One (1) Hydrotherm natural gas fired, direct vent boiler with 10 years remaining ESL.

One (1) Bell & Gossett boiler pump.

One (1) AO Smith 50 gallon natural gas DHW heater.



Building Name:Building Name: Youth ShelterGross Floor Area: 17,074 s.f.Year Built: 1984# Staff: 27

Construction Features:Construction Features:Facade: Brick; ConcreteRoof Type: Flat, built-up asphaltWindows: Aluminum frame, single pane, non-operableExterior Doors: Aluminum frame, 80 percent glazed

Major Mechanical Systems:Major Mechanical Systems:Air Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems: Three (3) Trane 3 ton split system Dx AC Units with 10 years remaining ESL. One (1) Trane 8.5 ton packaged RTU with natural gas, direct fired heat and Dx cooling, with 10

years remaining ESL. Two (2) Trane 10 ton packaged RTU with natural gas, direct fired heat and Dx cooling, with 10

years remaining ESL. One (1) Trane 300 MBH Natural Gas fired Heating Unit, with 10 years remaining ESL.Boilers/ Heating Systems: Two (2) A O Smith electric DHW heaters (80 gallon, 37 kW and 119 gallon, 54 kW), each with 15

years remaining ESL



Building Name:Building Name: Middlefield's Group HomeGross Floor Area: 2,890 s.f.

Year Built: 1920’s

Occupants: 10

Construction Features:Construction Features:Facade: Pre-1930’s wood frame house with vinyl siding

Roof Type: Pitched asphalt shingle

Windows: Double glazed, vinyl windows covering 25% of façade

Exterior Doors: Wood frames and doors


One (1) Gibson 3.5 ton split system Dx AC Unit with 5 years remaining ESL.

One (1) Friedrich 1 ton window AC unit at end of ESL.


One (1) Burnham natural gas fired, direct vent boiler with 19 years remaining ESL.

One (1) Bell & Gossett ¼ hp HHW pump with 14 years remaining ESL.

One (1) Bradford White 75 gallon, natural gas DHW heater with 5 years remaining ESL.



Building Name:Building Name: Adult Correctional Facility (ACF)Gross Floor Area: 237,835 s.f.Year Built: 1982; expansions in 1989 and 1997# Occupants/ #Staff: 1,200 / 282

Construction Features:Construction Features:Facade: ConcreteRoof Type: Flat, built-upWindows: Single pane 1 ¼ “ thick, non-operableExterior Doors: metal clad and aluminum frame, 80 percent glazing

Major Mechanical Systems:Major Mechanical Systems:Air Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems: Twenty (20) McQuay (various tonnages) packaged RTUs with HHW heating coils and Dx cooling

coils, at end of ESL. Fourteen (14) Petra (various tonnages) packaged RTUs with HHW heating coils and Dx cooling

coils, with 13 years remaining ESL. Two (2) Petra heating – ventilating (HV) units with HHW heating coils, with 13 years remaining

ESL. One (1) – Waukesha Co-Gen Engine – Not in use



Major Mechanical Systems continued:Major Mechanical Systems continued:Boilers/ Heating Systems: Three (3) Cleaver-Brooks natural gas fired, direct vent boilers – beyond ESL. Two (2) PVI natural gas fired, direct vent boilers – beyond ESL. Eight (8) HHW pumps (various makes) – most at end of ESL. Two (2) heat exchanger pumps at end of ESL. Two (2) Old Dominion 2900 gallon DHW storage tanks at end of ESL. Three (3) DHW pumps (5 hp and 2 hp) at end of ESL. Six (6) Chromalox electric wall heaters nearing end of ESL. Eight (8) electric cabinet heaters nearing end of ESL. Seven (7) Sterling unit heaters nearing end of ESL. Four (4) Fabra supply fans – one nearing end of ESL. Two (2) Ingersoll Rand air compressors with 10 years remaining ESL. Seventeen (17) electric duct heaters at end of ESL.

Kitchen Equipment Two (2) Bally Walk-In Refrigerators and One (1) Bally Walk-in freezer. One (1) Hobart dishwasher with a Hatco booster heater. Four (4) Vulcan gas convection ovens.



Building Name:Building Name: Juvenile Detention CenterGross Floor Area: 71,844 s.f.Year Built: 1997# Occupants/ # Staff: 100 / 97

Construction Features:Construction Features:Facade: Steel frame; masonry concrete blockRoof Type: Flat, built-upWindows: Double glazed; covering 15 percent of façade, 100 percent of interior

courtyard facadeExterior Doors: Metal clad and aluminum framed, 80 percent glazed

Major Mechanical Systems:Major Mechanical Systems:Air Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems: Thirteen (13) AAON RTUs (various tonnages) with natural gas, direct fired heat and Dx cooling

coils, nearing end of ESL. Two (2) Reznor MAUs with natural gas, direct fired heat, nearing end of ESL.Boilers/ Heating Systems: Sixteen (16) AO Smith and four (4) PVI DHW heaters (various sizes) with 8 years remaining

ESL.Kitchen Equipment: One (1) Kolpak walk-in freezer and One (1) Kolpak walk-in refrigerator. Two (2) Vulcan gas convection ovens. One (1) Hobart dishwasher with one (1) Hatco 15 kW electric booster heater.


Greenhouse Gas Emission ReductionGreenhouse Gas Emission Reduction

Implementation of all the identified Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs)will yield:

1,060,730 kilowatt-hours of annual avoided electric usage.

18,530 therms of annual avoided gas usage.

This equates to the following annual reductions:

455 tons of CO2;

-OR-

79 cars removed from road;

-OR-

124 acres of trees planted annually

The Energy Information Administration(EIA) estimates that power plants inthe state of New Jersey emit 0.66 lbsCO2 per kWh generated.

The Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) estimates that one car emits11,560 lbs CO2 per year.

The EPA estimates that reducingCO2 emissions by 7,333 pounds isequivalent to planting an acre oftrees.


Notes and AssumptionsNotes and Assumptions

Project cost estimates were based upon industry accepted published cost data, roughorder of magnitude cost estimates from contractors, and regional prevailing wage rates.The cost estimates presented in this report should be used to select projects forinvestment grade development. The cost estimates presented in this report should not beused for budget development or acquisition requests. Estimated Service Life is fromASHRAE standards. Where used, Incremental Cost = Premium Equipment Cost – Likeand Kind Replacement.

Incentives/Equipment Rebates when available are listed in the ECM, if amount is $0 thenthere is not a rebate currently available for this ECM.

Utility prices used in this study are those listed on the previous page “Historic EnergyConsumption”

If an ECM does not describe any O&M savings then it is assumed that ECM does notproduce significant or reliable O&M savings.

The average CO2 emission rate from power plants serving the facilities within this reportwas obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) eGRID2007 report. It isstated that power plants within the state of NJ emit 0.66 lbs of CO2 per kWh generated.The EPA estimates that burning one therm of natural gas emits 11.708 lbs CO2.

The EPA estimates that one car emits 11,560 lbs CO2 per year.

The EPA estimates that reducing CO2 emissions by 7,333 pounds is equivalent to plantingan acre of trees.


Energy Conservation Measure (ECM) #1: Optimizeand Standardize the Space Temperature Setpoints

A review of the building management system revealed room and supply temperature setpoint inconsistencies.

DomeTech recommends that standard summer/winter setpoints be implemented asfollows:

74 °F cooling – 72 °F heating

Ensure there are no deviations between the zone temperature setpoints (prevents onezone heating, next zone cooling)

38Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons):

0.03Estimated Simple Payback:

$490Net Estimated Implementation Costs:

$0NJ Smart Start Rebate:

$490Estimated Gross Implementation Costs:

$16,800Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings:

Adult Correction


ECM #2: Programmable Thermostats

A review of the above facilities showed that the HVAC systems were controlledby non-programmable thermostats. (Note, the Youth Shelter already has programmablethermostats and the Adult Correction Facility and the Juvenile Detention Center are controlledby digital building management systems so this ECM does not apply to those facilities.)

Dome-Tech recommends replacing the non-programmable thermostats withprogrammable thermostats.

Installing programmable thermostats will provide scheduled temperature controland prevent unnecessary heating and cooling when the building is unoccupied.

NOTE: Project cost estimates were based upon industry accepted published cost data, rough order of magnitude cost estimates from contractors, and regionalprevailing wage rates. The cost estimates presented in this report should be used to select projects for investment grade development. The cost estimatespresented in this report should not be used for budget development or acquisition requests.

Archives

Road

Dept. Bldg

A

Road

Dept. Bldg

B

Road

Dept. Bldg

C

Central Vehicle

Sheriff'sSubstation

TOTA

LS

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings: $11,700 $3,400 $12,200 $1,300 $1,500 $500 $30,600

Estimated Gross Implementation Costs: $630 $780 $780 $160 $160 $470 $2,980

NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0

Net Estimated Implementation Costs: $630 $780 $780 $160 $160 $470 $2,980

Estimated Simple Payback: 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.1

Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 32 10 51 5 5 1 104


ECM #3: Reflective Coating Film for Windows

During the field visit, Dome-Tech noted significant solar heating gain coming from theJuvenile Detention Center’s central hallways which are entirely glazed on one side.

The building’s central hallway windows are not equipped with any window film. A window filmapplication can be applied to the south, east and west facing windows for approximately$9,200.

Besides energy savings, other reasons for installing window film include: blockage of thesun's harmful ultraviolet rays, glare level reduction, hot spot prevention, and window filmshelp hold glass together when struck.

If Middlesex County does decide to proceed with this project, Dome-Tech recommendsperforming an investment grade analysis which should include a detailed energy modelingstudy (by an independent consultant) to determine savings as well as quotes from at leastthree (3) installers (analysis cost = $7,500 to $10,000).

Juvenile Detention


$10,000Net Estimated Implementation Costs:

0Expected Rebate / Energy Efficiency Credit:

$10,000Gross Estimated Implementation Cost:

1.1Simple Payback (yrs): (with and w/o rebate)

$9,300Estimated Annual Savings:


ECM #4: Vending Machine Power Management

Dome-Tech recommends installing a VendMiser vending machine power managementdevice on all vending machines.

The device uses a passive infrared sensor to power down the machine when the areasurrounding it is vacant. Then it monitors the room’s temperature and automatically re-powers the cooling system at one- to three-hour intervals, independent of sales, to ensurethat the product stays cold.

The microcontroller will never power down the machine while the compressor is running,eliminating compressor short-cycling. In addition, when the machine is powered up, thecooling cycle is allowed to finish before again powering down (reduces compressor wear

and tear).

1.30.31Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons):

1.81.71.8Estimated Simple Payback:

$1,050$260$790Net Estimated Implementation Costs:

$0$0$0NJ Smart Start Rebate:

$1,050$260$790Estimated Gross Implementation Costs:

$580$150$430Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings:

TOTALSSheriff's

SubstationAdult

Correction


ECM #5: Premium Efficiency Motors

Many of the existing motors serving the AHU’s and pumps are standardefficiency motors. See the appendix for a detailed list of motors surveyedfor this ECM.

Dome-Tech recommends replacing select, regularly operated, standardefficiency motors with new premium efficiency motors. The high efficiencymotors would save by approximately $2,000/year.

If these motors were replaced now, before the existing motors reached theend of their service lives, the payback would be in excess of 8 years.

If this is too long a payback period, then it is recommended that thesemotors and all other motors, be replaced with new premium efficiencymotors when the motor starts to fail. The payback period on theincremental cost between standard efficiency and premium efficiencymotors is less than a year.

The following table contains the details.


ECM #5: Premium Efficiency Motors (continued)

8.45.48.9Estimated Simple Payback – Premium

Motors:

$15,510$1,510$14,000Estimated Gross Implementation Costs –

Standard Motors:

$2,170$170$2,000Estimated Incremental Costs :


0.50.00.6Estimated Simple Payback: - Incremental:

$16,570$1,520$15,050Net Estimated Implementation Costs –

Premium Motors:

$1,110$160$950NJ Smart Start Rebate:

$17,680$1,680$16,000Estimated Gross Implementation Costs –

Premium Motors:

$1,980$280$1,700Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings:

TOTALSRoad Dept. Bldg BAdult Correction


ECM #6: Optimize Domestic Hot Water Systems

The domestic hot water (DHW) available to building occupants and kitchens isheated by various types of equipment: Conventional electric storage water heaters

Central Vehicle, Bldg B, Youth Shelter

Conventional natural gas fired storage water heaters Bldg A, Sheriff Substation, Archives, Juvenile Detention, Middlefields

Indirect natural gas fired water heater with storage tank Adult Correction

Picture: Adult Correction DHW Storage Tank Picture: Juvenile Center Direct naturalgas Fired DHW Heater

Picture: Youth Shelter Electric DHWHeater


ECM #6: Optimize Domestic Hot Water Systems(continued)

Supply temperature setpoints were primarily found to be at the recommended levelof 120F.with the following notable exceptions:

Adult Correction – 128F

Juvenile Detention - 129F, 140F

Youth Shelter - 130F

Savings can be achieved in two ways:

1. Replacing the electric DHW heaters with gas fired units

The savings from implementing this are combined with the similar savings achieved from replacingthe electric booster heaters in some of the kitchens with gas models as described in ECM 11.

2. Lowering the above setpoints to the recommended 120F

The estimated savings from implementing this are detailed below

Adult Correction

JuvenileDetention

Center

YouthShelter

TOTA

LS

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings: $1,500 $1,600 $110 $3,210

Estimated Gross Implementation Costs: $130 $400 $25 $555

NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0 $0 $0 $0

Net Estimated Implemtation Costs: $130 $400 $25 $555

Estimated Simple Payback: 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2

Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 7 7 0.2 14


ECM #7: Replace Aged Rooftop Units with HighEfficiency Units

15112

118.610

1495

High EERStandard EERUnit Capacity (tons)

Some of the packaged rooftop units (PRTUs) are between 15-30 years old and are at the end oftheir estimated equipment service life per ASHRAE standards. (The ASHRAE estimated servicelife for PRTUs is 15 years.)

Replacing these PRTU’s with high efficiency units rather than standard efficiency units willsignificantly reduce annual energy and maintenance costs.

New Jersey SmartStart offers rebates that usually pay for the incremental cost to upgrade tohigher efficient units.

Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) is the ratio of cooling output(Btu) divided by the electrical energy input (watts). Thehigher the EER, the more efficient the unit.

Savings do not include maintenance savings.

PRTU – On Adult Correction Center

Adult Correction

Archives

Central Vehicle

TOTA

LS

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings: $5,600 $1,200 $50 $6,850

Estimated Gross Incremental Costs: $37,200 $9,300 $300 $46,800

NJ Smart Start Rebate: $20,300 $7,500 $160 $27,960

Net Estimated Incremental Costs: $16,900 $1,800 $140 $18,840


Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 12 3 0.1 15


ECM #8: Install Timer on Hot Water Heater atInstall Timer on Hot Water Heater atCentral VehicleCentral Vehicle

Central Vehicle creates domestic hot water from one electric hot water heater rated for 80gallons and 9 kilowatts of heating.

Although hot water heaters/storage tanks are insulated, there is significant standby heatloss during off hours. The heating elements turn on throughout unoccupied hours tomaintain the desired set point temperature.

It is recommended installing a timer to turn the DHW heater off during unoccupied hoursand back on two hours prior to occupation. This will save the energy used to keep thewater warm during the unoccupied hours

*Equipment cost only.Assumes install by staff.

Central Vehicle

0.1Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons):


0Expected Rebate / Energy Efficiency Credit:

$220Gross Estimated Implementation Cost:

3.7Simple Payback (yrs): (with and w/o rebate)

$60Estimated Annual Savings:


ECM #9: Replace Commercial Kitchen EquipmentECM #9: Replace Commercial Kitchen Equipmentwith Energy Star Rated Equipmentwith Energy Star Rated Equipment

At Adult Correction and Juvenile Detention, Much of the kitchen equipment (reach-incoolers/freezers, food warmers, dishwashers) is older and less efficient than newerhigher efficiency equipment.

Replacing the electric equipment with higher efficiency, Energy Star labeled equipmentwill provide at least $11,500 in annual savings.

Improvements in kitchen equipment include lower idle rates, better insulation whichreduces the amount of standby losses through sides and top, and premium efficient fanmotors.

Electric Convection Oven Freezer RefrigeratorHot Food CabinetDishwasher


Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings:

$5,600$1,900$3,700Energy Star Hot Food Cabinet:

$500$300$200Energy Star Reach-In Refrigerator/Freezer:

$5,400$2,400$3,000Energy Star Dish Washer:



$55,000$27,200$27,800Net Estimated Implementation Costs:


$55,000$27,200$27,800Estimated Gross Implementation Costs:

$11,500$4,600$6,900Estimated Total Annual Energy Cost Savings:

TOTALSJuvenile

DetentionAdult

Correction

ECM #9: Replace Commercial Kitchen EquipmentECM #9: Replace Commercial Kitchen Equipmentwith Energy Star Rated Equipment (continued)with Energy Star Rated Equipment (continued)


ECM #10: Demand Control Ventilation

Building codes require that a minimum amount of fresh air be provided to ensure adequateair quality. To comply, ventilation systems often operate at a fixed rate based on anassumed occupancy (e.g., 20 cfm per person multiplied by the maximum designoccupancy). The result is excessive fresh air volumes which require costly (andunnecessary) conditioning.

Demand-controlled ventilation controls the amount of outside air based upon the CO2

levels generated by building occupants. Demand ventilation should be added to any returnair system where space occupancy varies dramatically – Gyms in all facilities and Libraryin Adult Correction Center.

By installing CO2 sensors and controlling the CO2 level at less than 1000 PPM, the outsideair flow is kept to the absolute minimum while space conditions are kept in compliance withbuilding codes and standards such as the ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Standard.

Adult Correction

JuvenileDetention

YouthShelter

TOTA

LS

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings: $4,700 $2,300 $1,300 $8,300

Estimated Gross Implementation Costs: $13,200 $6,600 $12,700 $32,500


Net Estimated Implementation Costs: $13,200 $6,600 $12,700 $32,500


Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 15 3 3 21


ECM #11: Replace Electric DHW Heating EquipmentECM #11: Replace Electric DHW Heating Equipmentwith Gas Fired Equipmentwith Gas Fired Equipment

This ECM applies to any domestic hot water heating equipment including:1. The hot water heaters in Central Vehicle, Bldg B and the Youth Shelter and

2. The booster heaters for the dishwashers in the kitchens at Adult Correction and Juvenile Detention

The average electric cost is about $0.15 per kilowatt hour. This is equivalent to $0.044per MBtu. The price for natural gas is approximately $1.25 per therm which is equivalentto about $0.015 per MBtu (assuming an 80% efficient gas burner.) On a MBtu basis, itis readily apparent that gas costs about 1/3 the price of electricity.

Replacing the electric hot water heaters at Central Vehicle, Bldg B and the Youth Shelterand the electric dishwasher booster heaters in the kitchens at Adult Corrections andJuvenile Detention with natural gas units will provide at least $7,700 in annual savings.

Prior to installing gas piping and/or gas-fired equipment, refer to applicable building andfire codes for proper ventilation and other requirements.

0.4

4.2

$1,750

$0

$1,750

$420

CentralVehicle

0.4

8.2

$3,100

$0

$3,100

$380

Bldg B

0.4

8.7

$5,900

$0

$5,900

$680

YouthShelter

816Annual Avoided CO2

Emissions (tons):





$9,160$900$6,800Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings:

TOTALSJuvenile

DetentionAdult

Correction


ECM #12: Kitchen Hood Make-Up Air System

Dome-Tech recommends replacing the existing kitchen hood exhaust fan and controlswith a new kitchen ventilation system. The new system would replace air that is exhaustedwith 55 -60 F degree tempered air via a new indirect gas fired make-up air unit. The newsystem will deliver the tempered make-up air around the perimeter of the exhaust hood inan effort to prevent exhausting fully conditioned zone air from the cafeteria.

Savings will be generated during the winter by reducing the amount of make-up air thatneeds to be fully conditioned to zone temperature. Additional fan savings will also berealized since the air will be locally supplied rather than blowing through long runs ofductwork from the packaged rooftop units.





$15,500Estimated Gross Implementation Costs:


Adult Correction


ECM #13: Replace Window AC Units

Window air conditioning units were installed at Central Vehicle,Middlefield's Group Home & Road Dept. Building B providinglocalized air conditioning for small private offices and storageareas. Most units are in poor physical condition and inefficientcompared to today’s standards.

Dome-Tech recommends replacing these units with new higherefficiency units.

New 10.8 SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating) units areestimated to be at least 16% more efficient at full/part loads thanthe existing equipment.Window AC Unit

Central Vehicle

Road

Dept. Bldg

B

Middlefields

Group

TOTA

LS

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings: $310 $60 $60 $430

Estimated Gross Implementation Costs: $1,250 $250 $250 $1,750


Net Estimated Implementation Costs: $1,250 $250 $250 $1,750


Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.8


ECM #14: Lighting Upgrade

Although most of the current light fixtures have higher efficiency T-8 fluorescentlamps and ballasts, improved light fixture designs will further reduce lighting energycosts by reducing the total number of lamps and fixtures while maintaining theminimum lighting output as per state codes.

Many areas were observed to have lights on regardless of occupancy. Installingoccupancy sensors in these areas will automatically turn lights on/off according toactual occupancy by sensing the presence of people in the room. Occupancysensors will reduce lighting energy costs by approximately 30%*.

*Source: Turner, Wayne, Energy Management Handbook, 1999.




$76,460NJ Smart Start Rebate:

8.1Simple Payback (yrs): (with rebate)



ECM #14: Lighting Upgrade (continued)

Adult Correction

JuvenileDetention

Archives

Road

Dept Bldg

C

Road

Dept Bldg

D

Road

Dept BldgB

Road

Dept B

ldgA

YouthShelter

Central Vehicle

Sheriff'sSubstation

Middlefields

TOTA

LS

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings: $27,000 $17,970 $2,550 $2,500 $50 $3,760 $1,080 $3,120 $2,920 $1,140 $90 $62,180

Estimated Gross Implementation Costs: $299,700 $155,300 $38,700 $22,600 $710 $26,000 $8,700 $17,900 $23,300 $6,200 $1,100 $600,210

NJ Smart Start Rebate: $34,700 $18,900 $6,630 $2,980 $80 $4,210 $1,690 $2,470 $3,280 $1,340 $180 $76,460

Net Estimated Implementation Costs: $265,000 $136,400 $32,070 $19,620 $630 $21,790 $7,010 $15,430 $20,020 $4,860 $920 $523,750

Estimated Simple Payback: 9.8 7.6 12.6 7.9 13.1 5.8 6.5 4.9 6.9 4.3 10.1 8.1

Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 111 46 6 0 0 5 8 7 6 2 0 192


ECM #15 – VFD on Perimeter Hot Water SystemPumps

The perimeter hot water system is equipped with Two (2) 15 hp and One (1) 20 hp supplypumps. The pumps operate in online / standby mode.

The pumps run at full speed regardless of system hot water demands.

Annual system pumping cost may be reduced by installing variable frequency drive (VFD) onthe pump motors. Pump speed would be based upon system differential temperature.

The installation cost estimates assume the pump motors are not inverter duty, and VFD’s willbe installed on all pump motors.





$47,700Estimated Gross Implementation Costs:


Adult Correction


ECM #16ECM #16 -- WalkWalk--In Cooler ControllersIn Cooler Controllers

Typically the walk-in cooler evaporator fans run continuously.However, full airflow is only required 50% of the runtime.

In the most common applications (those that use single-phasepower), motors for the fans are typically shaded-pole orpermanent-split-capacitor types, both of which are very inefficient.

Inexpensive controllers are currently available that slow thesefans when full-speed operation is unnecessary.

Reducing the operating speed reduces the energy consumption ofthe fan. In addition, the motor produces less heat at slowerspeeds, which means that the compressor has less heat toremove from the refrigerated compartment.

100.40.6Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons):





$570$160$300Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings:

TOTALSJuvenile

DetentionAdult

Correction


ECM #17: Creation of an Energy Awareness &Education Program

County of Middlesex employees and residents of the group home and youthshelter can be an integral part of the conservation efforts of the County.

Creating awareness and encouraging behavior change can contribute to energycost reductions, environmental benefits, and national energy independence.

$11

140*

0.03*

$1,500

$0

$1,500

$45,000*

VariesAnnual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons):


NoneExpected Rebate / Energy Efficiency Credit:


VariesSimple Payback (yrs): (with and w/o rebate)

VariesCost per CO2 Reduction ($/ton):

2-3%*Estimated Annual Savings:

* Estimated Annual Savings are based on the robustness of the program implemented, maintenance, and annual energy costs.


ECM Funding Sources

State of New Jersey has generous subsidies or rebates for many areas of improvingenergy efficiency or equipment upgrades., www.njcleanenergy.com

Clean Energy Solutions Capital Investment Loan/GrantThe EDA offers up to $5 million in interest-free loans and grants to ensure that commercial, industrial, and institutionalentities "going green" in New Jersey. Under this program, scoring criteria based on the project's environmental andeconomic development impact determines the percentage split of loan and grant awarded. Funding can be used topurchase fixed assets, including real estate and equipment, for an end-use energy efficiency project, combined heatand power (CHP or cogen) production facility, or new state-of-the-art efficient electric generation facility, including Class

I and Class II renewable Energy.

http://www.njeda.com/web/Aspx_pg/Templates/Npic_Text.aspx?Doc_Id=1078&menuid=1360&topid=722&levelid=6&midid=1357

NJ Smart Start BuildingsEquipment Rebates - Water Heaters, Lighting, Lighting Controls/Sensors, Chillers, Boilers, Heat pumps, Air

conditioners, Energy Mgmt. Systems/Building Controls, Motors, Motor-ASDs/VSDs, Custom/Others

http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/nj-smartstart-buildings

Renewable funding for PV & wind, plus federal credits right now. See:http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/renewable-energy-incentive-

program/applications-and-e-forms-renewable-ener

Your current utility provider may also offer incentives, depending on your capacity and the currentprograms/ funds available to you, these change frequently so you should check with them when

getting ready to start a project and apply for funding.


Renewable/Distributed Energy Measures

Distributed Generation & Renewable Energy

Distributed Generation (on-site generation) generates electricity frommany small energy sources. These sources can be renewable(solar/wind/geothermal) or can be small scale power generationtechnologies (CHP, fuel cells, microturbines)

Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources (sunlight,wind, and underground geothermal heat) which are naturally replenished

Photovoltaic's (solar) are particularly popular in Germany and Spain andgrowing in popularity in the U.S.

Wind power is growing as well, mostly in Europe and the U.S.

Geothermal applications are used widely in western U.S. (mostprominent in the Yellowstone basin and in northern California)


Renewable Energy Technologies: GeothermalRenewable Energy Technologies: Geothermal

Heat PumpThe heat pump is the driving force behind a GSHP system. A typical heat pump is an “air-to-water”unit, meaning the fluid carries heat to and from the earth (via the earth connection) is a water orwater/antifreeze mixture, and the HVAC distribution system in the building distributes hot or coldair. Heat pumps are self-contained in a single enclosure and consist of a refrigerant compressor,earth heat sink heat exchanger, and an air distribution system (fan, refrigerant-to-air heatexchanger, and condensate removal). Heat pumps range in size between 1 to 30 tons. For largerfacilities (such as schools and office buildings), several heat pump units are required.

Well FieldThe well field provides the heat exchanging mechanism between the GSHP system water side andthe earth. Well fields are either open or closed system. Open systems directly draw from anadjacent water source such as a lake or aquifer. Closed systems are typically polyurethane tubingburied in horizontal trenches or boreholes. The system selected for this analysis is a closed loop,horizontal well field. Wells are typically 250 to 500 feet deep each, and provide 1 ton of cooling forevery 250 linear feet. Wells are spaced at 15 to 20 feet on center, and larger systems can have asignificant footprint. In addition, the well boring portion of the project is capital intensive and usuallyaccounts for over 50% of the total GSHP system cost. Once installed, and well field has aestimated equipment service life of over 50 years.

Heating/Cooling Distribution SystemThe heating/cooling distribution system consists of the ductwork used to supply conditioned air thebuilding. As previously stated, larger facilities often require multiple heat pumps connected to acommon building loop. Buildings equipped with GSHP’s may also require make-up air units toprovide fresh air to the spaces, as well as an auxiliary heat source (such as a boiler or steam heatexchanger) to supplement heating during high heating degree days.

Geothermal ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are HVAC systems that use the earth’s relatively constant temperature to provide heating or coolingto a system. In doing so, GSHP systems move 3 to 5 times more energy between the building and the ground than is actually consumed by the systemcomponents. In comparison, this represents a 30% decrease in energy consumption when compared to conventional HVAC systems that required chillers orrefrigeration coils for cooling and boilers or electric resistance coils for heating.

A GSHP system consists of three major components: the heat pump, the well field, and the heating/cooling distribution system.


Renewable Energy Technologies: GeothermalRenewable Energy Technologies: Geothermal

The project economics and GSHP pro’s and cons are presented in the following tables:

GSHP Pros & Cons

Payback period is longer thanexpected life of heat pumpequipment (exclusive of well field).

Ground conditions are notalways conducive to a well fieldinstallation. Conditions unknownuntil drilling is complete.

The well field requires asignificant amount of real estate.In this case, well over an acre ofland may be required dependingon depth of well field.

Annual HVAC energy reductionof over 30% and energy spend byover $45,000.

Well fields installations typicallylast over 50 years.

Reduction of annual greenhousegas emissions by 185 tons peryear.

Potential for removal of boilerand chiller / low efficiency DXrefrigeration system.

Potential for reducedmaintenance costs if the GSHPsystem replaces a cooling tower orother equipment.

ConsPros

A GSHP installation is not recommended as an immediate retrofit project. However, a detailed life cycleanalysis of a GSHP system versus a traditional HVAC system is recommended once the existingequipment exceeds the estimated equipment service life.

GSHP Economics*GSHP DX Roof Top

Gross Installation Cost Estimate $8,106,000 $4,053,000

NJJ SSB Rebate $428,460 $91,482

Net Installation Cost Estimate $7,677,540 $3,961,518

Annual Energy Cost $1,367,455 $1,826,952

Annual Electric Use, kW h 8,139,615 7,081,943

Annual Natural Gas Use, Therms 0 433,755

Annual CO2 Emmisions, Therms 2,849 5,018

*Based upon Middlesex County Correctional Facilities HVAC Systems & Energy Profile

Simple Payback on Net Install Cost GSHPNet Installation Cost Estimate $7,677,540

Annual Energy Savings $459,497

Simple Payback 16.7

Simple Payback on Incremental Cost of GSHP

Net Installation Cost Estimate $3,716,022

Annual Energy Savings $459,497

Simple Payback 8.1


Renewable Energy Technologies: WindRenewable Energy Technologies: Wind

Wind turbines generate electricity by harnessing a wind stream's kinetic energy as it spins the turbine airfoils. As with most renewable energy sources, windenergy is subject to intermittent performance due to the unpredictability of wind resources.

Middlesex County Wind SpeedAs previously stated, wind speed is critical to the successful wind turbine installation. According to average wind data from NASA’s Surface Meteorology andSolar Energy records, the average annual wind speed for the Middlesex County area is 4.6 meters per second. Ideal wind speeds for a successful projectshould average over 6 meters per second.

For the Middlesex County, Dome-Tech considered three (3) types of wind turbine technologies; building integrated wind turbines (1 kW each) and traditionalground mounted wind turbines (5 kW & 50 kW).

Building Integrated Wind TurbinesModel: AeroVironment AVX1000Height: 8.5’Rotor Diameter: 6’Weight: 130 lbs.Cut-In Wind Speed: 2.2 m/sMaximum Generating Capacity: 1 kW

5 kW Ground MountModel: WES5 TulipoHeight: 40’Rotor Diameter: 16’Weight: 1,900 lbs.Cut-In Wind Speed: 3.0 m/sMaximum Generating Capacity: 5.2 kW

50 kW Ground MountModel: Entegrity EW50Height: 102’Rotor Diameter: 50’Weight: 21,000 lbs.Cut-In Wind Speed: 4.0 m/sMaximum Generating Capacity: 50 kW


Renewable Energy Technologies: WindRenewable Energy Technologies: Wind

The project economics and wind turbine pros and cons are presented in the following tables:

Wind Turbine Pros & Cons

Payback period issignificant (over 10 years).

Average area wind speed isnot ideal and impactsperformance.

Prone to lighting strikes.

Bird collisions are likely, butmay be reduced with avianguard (building integrateonly).

Zoning may be an issue.Check with local zoningregulations.

Wind turbines do createnoise, although below 50 dB(a typical car ride is over 80dB).

Annual reduction in energyspend and use can bepotentially reduced by almost$23,000 (1% reduction).

Typical equipment life spanis 15-30 years.

Reduction of annualgreenhouse gas emissions by4-28 tons per year.

A wind turbine project couldbe incorporated into scienceand other curriculums to raisestudent awareness of energyalternatives.

High visible “green” project.

ConsPros

Due to attractive payback and high potential for energy reduction, the 50 kilowatt ground mounted windturbine project appears to be the most attractive option. Should Middlesex County decide to pursue awind turbine project, Dome-Tech recommends commissioning a more detailed study.

Wind Turbine EconomicsBuilding

IntegratedGround Mount

5 kWGround Mount

50 kWGross Installation Cost Estimate $130,000 $62,400 $250,000NJJ SSB Rebate $47,498 $37,483 $98,436Net Installation Cost Estimate $82,502 $24,917 $151,564Annual Energy Savings $2,494 $1,968 $18,559Simple Payback 33.1 yrs. 12.7 yrs. 8.2 yrs.System Capacity 20 kW 10 kW 50 kWAnnual Avoided Energy Use 14,843 kWh 11,713 kWh 110,472 kWhAnnual CO2 Emmisions, Therms 5 4 39% of Annual Electric Use* 0.1% 0.1% 0.8%Middlesex County Correctional Facilities: 13,362,156 kWh/Year.


Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar PhotovoltaicRenewable Energy Technologies: Solar Photovoltaic

Solar Photovoltaic

Sunlight can be converted into electricity using photovoltaic's (PV). A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts sunlight directly into

electricity. Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are absorbed by semiconducting

materials, such as silicon. Electrons are knocked loose from their atoms,allowing them to flow through the material to produce electricity.

Solar cells are often electrically connected and encapsulated as a module, inseries, creating an additive voltage. The modules are connected in an array.The power output of an array is measured in watts or kilowatts, and typicalenergy needs are measured in kilowatt-hours.

Can be recommended in this application for placement on additional facilities.


Renewable Energy Technologies: SolarRenewable Energy Technologies: SolarPhotovoltaicPhotovoltaic

Ground MountAdjacent to ACS

Ground MountAdjacent to

Central VehicleArchives Roof

JuvenileDetention

Center RoofTotal

Covered ParkingMount Adjacent to

ACS

Covered Parking LotMount Adjacent toJuveniile Detetion

Center

Total

Net Panel Qty 7503 7488 1464 462 16,917 122 173 294System Capacity, kw 1,726 1,722 337 106 3,891 105 149 254First Year Expected Production (kWh) 1,818,877 1,815,241 354,903 111,998 4,101,019 110,645 157,088 267,733

Roof Mount Ground Mount Covered Parking Lot

System Capacity, kw-dc (maximum utilization of roof space) 443 kw dc 3,448 kw dc 254 kw dc

Annual Electric Generation, kwhrs of AC electricity produced 466,901 kwh 3,634,118 kwh 267,733 kwh

Total Annual Facility Electric Use, kwhrs 6,496,588 kwh 6,496,588 kwh 6,496,588 kwh

% of Total Annual Usage 7% 56% 4%

All-In Cost of Electric Year 1 $0.137 / kwh $0.137 / kwh $0.137 / kwh

Annual Electric Cost Savings $63,965 $497,874 $36,679

Estimated SREC Value (Year 1): $640 / SREC $640 / SREC $640 / SREC

Estimated Year 1 SREC Revenue: $298,663 $2,324,636 $171,261

Equivalent Annual CO2 Emission Reduction (tons per year)1 256 tons/yr 1,991 tons/yr 147 tons/yr

Equivalent Cars Removed From Road Annually2

44 345 25

Equivalent Acres of Trees Planted Annually370 543 40

System Installed Cost (does not include value of tax credits) $2,880,000 $25,860,000 $1,905,000

Simple Payback (includes SREC revenue) 7.9 9.2 9.2

IRR (25 Years) 6% 6% 8%

1. Estimated CO2 Emissions Rate: 1.096 lbs/kWh

2. EPA Estimate: 11,560 lbs CO2 per car

3. EPA Estimate: 7,333 lbs CO2 per acre of trees planted


Renewable Energy Technologies: SolarRenewable Energy Technologies: SolarPhotovoltaicPhotovoltaic

Non-Financial Benefits of Solar PV The implementation of solar PV projects at the

Middlesex County facilities will allow thecounty the opportunity to not only gainexperience with this energy technology, butalso to win recognition as an environmentallysensitive, socially conscience county.Additionally, these projects could beincorporated into science education andadditional curriculums to raise awareness ofcurrent energy alternatives to the residents.


Renewable Energy Technologies: CHP/CogenerationRenewable Energy Technologies: CHP/Cogeneration

CHP (combined heat and power) or cogeneration is the use of aheat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity anduseful heat.

Fuel Cells are electrochemical conversion devices that operateby catalysis, separation the protons and the electrons of thereactant fuel, and forcing the electrons to travel through a circuitto produce electricity. The catalyst is typically a platinum groupmetal or alloy. Another catalytic process takes the electronsback in, combining them with the protons and oxidant, producingwaste products (usually water and carbon dioxide).

Microturbines are rotary engines that extract energy from a flowof combustion gas. They can be used with absorption chillers toprovide cooling through waste heat rather than electricity.Microturbines are best suited for facilities with year-round

thermal and/or cooling loads.

Not recommended for Middlesex County due to the lack ofthermal requirements in the summertime.


Existing CogenerationExisting Cogeneration –– Adult Correction CenterAdult Correction Center

Dome-Tech examined the existing cogenerationsystem installed at the adult correction center.

While it is beyond the scope of this report toperform a full engineering analysis on thisequipment, Dome-Tech did have the followingcomments: The equipment consisted of a Waukesha diesel

engine, modified to burn natural gas, connected to a650 kW generator. The equipment had not beenoperated for some time but appeared to be in goodcondition.

Heat was recovered via a heat exchanger on the exhaust system. Heat from the water jacketwas not recovered and rejected to the atmosphere via a radiator on the roof.

None of the operating personnel at the facility could tell Dome-Tech why the equipment was nolonger in use, only that it had not operated for a long time.

Dome-Tech believes the problem may have been that there was not enough thermal load at thefacility to make economic use of the hot water generated by the equipment.

DT recommends a cogen/microturbine scoping study of the entire Middlesex Countycampus be performed to determine if this or some new equipment could be employed ona site-wide basis.


Energy ProcurementEnergy Procurement –– ElectricityElectricity

Accounts and Rate Class: The County of Middlesex (“the County”) is served by 11electric accounts behind Public Service Electric and Gas Company. Eight accounts are servedunder rate class General Lighting and Power Service (GLP) and three accounts are servedunder Large Power and Lighting Service Secondary (LPL-S).

Electric Consumption and Cost: Total energy consumption over the one year periodwas approximately 13,362,000 kWh costing $1,193,000. The County paid between $0.08 and$0.20 per kWh and $0.25 per kWh for the street lighting accounts, per month, on average,inclusive of utility delivery charges.

Basic Generation Service and Retail Energy Shopping: In August 2003, the State of New Jersey deregulated its retail electric marketplace, and

per this process, every electric account for every owner was placed into one of twocategories: BGS-FP or BGS-CIEP. BGS-FP stands for Basic Generation Service-FixedPrice; BGS-CIEP stands for Basic Generation Service-Commercial and Industrial EnergyPricing.

At its first pass, this categorization was based on rate class. The largest electric accountsin the State (those on a Primary or a Transmission-level rate class) were moved intoBGS-CIEP pricing. All other accounts (most in NJ) remained on default service, or BGS-FP.

The NJBPU has continued to move new large energy users into BGS-CIEP by loweringthe demand (kW) threshold for electric accounts receiving Secondary service


The default billing structure under the CIEP category includes two important features:

1. Hourly Pricing. The facility is charged for energy generation supply based on the real-time PJM marketprice; this is an hourly price, and is passed directly through the utility. The kilowatt-hours consumed ineach and every hour are charged at that hour’s market price for energy. Over the course of a year, theeffective monthly cost per kWh will fluctuate and will be unpredictable. In the summer months, supplycosts have reached as high as 15.0¢ per kWh; in the shoulder months, supply costs have ranged from8.0¢-11.9¢ per kWh. In this scenario, the customer is fully exposed to the performance of the market.

2. Retail Margin Adder. Customers that do not switch to a retail energy supplier for service are charged a‘retail margin adder’ of $0.0053 per kWh.

Most of the County’s electric accounts fall into the BGS-FP category. The Adult CorrectionCenter has one account under rate class LPLS that falls into the BGS-CIEP category. Thisaccount is currently served by Constellation New Energy under an index contract where thefacility pays the hourly market price plus an adder.

Until recently, the least-cost option for FP accounts has been to remain with the utility fordefault electric service. This may not continue to be the case because market pricing hasfallen to a point that may enable retail suppliers to beat the BGS-FP rates. The County shouldconsider shopping for electric generation service for its BGS-FP accounts.

Energy ProcurementEnergy Procurement –– ElectricityElectricity


Energy ProcurementEnergy Procurement –– Natural GasNatural Gas

The County is served by 8 natural gas accounts behind Public Service Electric and GasCompany.

Natural gas is used predominantly for heating purposes; total annual consumption for theperiod studied was approximately 49,900 decatherms costing about $605,000. The Countypaid $1.41 per dTh, per month, on average, inclusive of utility delivery charges.

The County is currently not with a retail energy supplier for natural gas (commodity)service and is therefore paying a floating rate per therm to the utility.

Natural gas commodity futures prices at the time of this report are at about $0.38 per thermfor August 2009 (“prompt month”), and are below $0.60 per therm for the winter of2009/2010. These are levels that have not been seen in more than 6 years (see graphbelow). If the County seeks longer-term rate stability, now is an ideal time to entertain itthrough a fixed-price arrangement with a retail supplier.


Energy ProcurementEnergy Procurement –– Natural GasNatural Gas

Henry Hub Natural Gas - 12 Month Strip

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Operations & MaintenanceOperations & Maintenance

Juvenile Detention Center

Issue: RTU B-3 is equipped with a variable frequency drive (VFD) that has beenplaced in “by-pass” mode because it is no longer needed to solve a previous noiseproblem.

Impact:

If this VFD were to be accidentally placed in “hand” or automatic mode the power consumedby the VFD alone would cost approximately $185 annually.

Additionally, the VFD would have an unknown effect on the unit’s performance.

Recommendation: Dome-Tech recommends removing the VFD.


Operations & MaintenanceOperations & Maintenance

Building DBuilding D

Issue:Issue: Lit Pilot for propane heater during cooling seasonLit Pilot for propane heater during cooling season

Impact:Impact: Wasteful energy spendingWasteful energy spending

Recommendation:Recommendation: Close Propane Gas Valve during cooling seasonClose Propane Gas Valve during cooling season

Building D – Empire Propane Heater Building D – Modine Propane Heater Building D – Magic Chef Propane Heater


Next StepsNext Steps

The following projects should be considered forfurther study and implementation:

Rooftop Replacements – multiple facilities

Lighting upgrades – all facilities

Programmable Thermostats – multiple facilities

Replace electric DHW heaters/boosters w/ gas – multiple facilities

Demand control ventilation – multiple facilities

Vending machine power management – multiple facilities

Hot water optimization – multiple facilities

Space setpoint optimization – multiple facilities

Energy Star Kitchen Equipment – multiple facilities

Energy Awareness Program – All facilities

CoGen/Microturbine scoping study

Photovoltaic full site analysis

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