powerpoint presentationecodesignadvisor.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/mp-2017.pdf · title:...
TRANSCRIPT
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Dr Manfred Plagmann BRANZ
INDOOR CLIMATE AND
OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR 2:30 pm
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Indoor Conditions and Occupant Behaviour EDA Conference May 2017
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Building Performance Team Members
Stephen McNeil
Stephan Rupp
Manfred Plagmann
Greg Overton
Vicki White
Ian Cox-Smith
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Structure
• Overview
• Performance of Window Ventilation
• Case Study: Return from the Moist
• Bringing a building back to acceptable moisture levels
• Indoor conditions of NZ homes
• Window opening habits and ventilation perception
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Ventilation overview
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What are we talking about?
Indoor Envir.
quality
Ventilation
Temperature Internal moisture
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Where have we come from?
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Performance of Window Ventilation
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Are Windows Enough?
Do windows need to be opened too often to be practical in newer homes?
What strategies work best?
• Opening windows on the security stays
• Opening windows wide to purge the home
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E3 Internal moisture
• In practice, G4/AS1 implements the ventilation component of E3.3.1.
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G4/AS1 assumptions
• Most common route to meet G4/AS1 is providing openable windows equivalent to 5% of the floor area
• It assumes a degree of natural infiltration, which is becoming much less in modern homes
• Relies on occupants to open windows often
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Window experiments – how effective are they?
Room conditioned to: 25°C, 70% RH
Windows opened at 8am every day for 3 months,
control turned off at the same time
Range of wind conditions, exterior temperature and RH
Airtightness 1 ach@50 Pa
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Window experiments – how effective are they?
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Window experiments – how effective are they?
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Results – trickle case
• Effective for background ventilation
• Not very effective during high production events (cooking, bathing) – need to increase ventilation at these times
Exterior air
Interior air
Mo
istu
re c
on
ten
t o
f ai
r
<- 1 hour ->
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Results – window opening 300 mm wide
• Moisture content of air decayed quickly (10–15 minutes) with windows wide open
Exterior air
Interior air
Mo
istu
re c
on
ten
t o
f ai
r
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Comparison
• Much slower decay in trickle case
• Trickle vents should only be relied upon for background – not so great for dealing with high moisture loads
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Great for airborne moisture …
• 10–15 minutes of open windows will only get rid of airborne moisture
• Removing condensed water is an ongoing process, which requires regular heating and ventilation
• Condensation on glass can be up to 80 g/m2
• Furnishings, linings, clothing also retain significant moisture
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Drying out a damp home
G4 in action
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Case study
• Modern home, double glazing, centrally heated
• Consistent with many new builds, airtightness of 3.5 ach@50 Pa
• 2 years old, construction moisture not an issue
• Moisture build-up noticed, even condensation on double-glazed windows
• Trickle ventilation
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Instrumentation
• Temperature and RH at 15-minute intervals
• Measured for 2 months
Showering
Cool surfaces absorbing moisture
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Demonstration of drying potential
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Case study
Recommendations
• Closing internal doors, opening window and using extractor when bathing
• Regular use of rangehood when cooking
• Regular opening of windows in the morning for at least 10–15 minutes
• Alternate ventilation and heating
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Case study
• Behavioural change impact
66%
38%
20%
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 8 20
Pro
bab
ility
Days after experiment start
Probability of relative humidity over 65%
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Key messages
• Old habits incompatible with new home
• Regular ventilation is key
• Heating very important
• Not a quick fix, requires concerted effort
Avoid:
• Drying clothes indoors
• Unvented dryers
• Unflued gas
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Cost of Purge Ventilation
• Consider a home of 100 m2
• Volume 240 m3
• Assume temperature difference 20 indoors – 10 outdoors
• Cost per kWh NZ$ 0.30
• Estimated cost for a purge ventilation: NZ$ 0.25
• Cost per Month: NZ$ 7.50
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Indoor Conditions
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Instrumentation
• Using small sensor packs
• Online all the time
• They report T/RH every 15 minutes
• Report window/door motion event as they occur
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Behaviour study
• More 70 homes across New Zealand
• Measured relative humidity and temperature in 4 location in the house
• 600 sensors in operation
• 12 million temperature and rel. humidity data points
• 2.2 million window and door events recorded
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Indoor climate 1
• Relative humidity in bathrooms
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Indoor climate 2
• Bathroom Temperature
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Window data analysis
• Probability of finding an open window at any given moment is 0.03.
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Window data analysis
• How wide is the window open?
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Bathroom Windows
• The probability of opening the bathroom window before a high moisture release is 0.2
• How long are the windows open for?
• Predominantly for 10-15 minutes
• How wide are the windows open?
• Usually around 12 degrees
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Occupant Action <-> Building Reaction
• Occupants do open windows or use fans in their bathrooms
• Occupants have the impression that they are doing the right thing to combat moisture.
• However, the measurements show that it is not enough
• Particularly heating of the rooms is lacking with its negative effect on indoor rel. humidity
• Windows are opened too late. Often not long or wide enough.
• Bathroom doors left open
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