2017/2/21

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Osaka University

Retrieving Information withAutonomously-Flying Routers in ICN

Taku Kitagawa† Shingo Ata‡ Masayuki Murata†

† Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,Osaka University, Japan

‡ Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Japan

26th May 2016ICC in Kuala Lumpur

Osaka University

Outline

• Background

• CCN Architecture with Flying Routers

• Demo Movie of Prototype

• Summary and Future Work

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Osaka University

Outline

• Background

• CCN Architecture with Flying Routers

• Demo Movie of Prototype

• Summary and Future Work

2 Osaka University

Drone

3

Programmable

A small aircraft

Battery-driven

Active movement

Osaka University

Networking with drones in previous work

• DTN (Delay-Tolerant Networking) [1][2]• Use drones as intermittent data links

• Not support packet-driven movement

• e.g., hovering, fixed movement, randomness

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Only hovering Repeat crawling

))) (((

Air-to-air network

Random walk

[1] Y. Zhou, et al., “Multi-uav-aided networks: Aerial-ground cooperativevehicular networking architecture“, Vehicular Technology Magazine, IEEE, vol. 10, no. 4, 2015.[2] N. Uchida, et al., “Resilient Network with Autonomous Flight Wireless Nodes based onDelay Tolerant Networks”, IT Convergence Practice, vol. 2, no. 3, Sep 2014.

Effective movement of drones is not considered so much.

Osaka University

Our proposal

• Flying Router (FR)• Use a drone as a moving router

• Enable realizing packet-driven movement

• Benefits by packet-driven movement• Deliver packets toward destination

• Control drone’s behavior by packets

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10.0.2.110.0.1.1 10.1.1.1

Destination:10.0.2.1

10.1.0.1

10.1.0.2

10.0.1.1

10.0.2.1

10.0.3.1

Packet-drivenmoving & forwarding

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Osaka University

Problems of FRs

• Host-oriented networking (e.g., IP) is not suitable.• Drone topology may change because drones move.

• Drones are frequently replaced due to battery charge.

• We apply content-oriented networking to FRs.• Every node has no address.

• Content ID is used as routing information.

• It is called ICN (Information Centric Networking).

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It is difficult to manage node addresses of FRs.Cooperation of multiple FRs is also difficult.

Osaka University

ICN (Information Centric Networking)

• Addressing with “name” of content

• An ICN realization: CCN (Content Centric Networking)

• Two message types and two routing tables in CCN• Interest message: Request content

• Data message: Response corresponding to Interest

• FIB (Forwarding Information Base) : Forward Interest

• PIT (Pending Interest Table) : Forward Data

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Content name Face

B C DA

Content name Face

/fruit/apple.jpg

FIB Interest forwarding

Data forwardingContent name Face Content name Face

PIT

/fruit/apple.jpg A /fruit/apple.jpg C

/fruit/apple.jpg D/fruit/apple.jpg B

Osaka University

Main advantages of using ICN on FRs

1. Robust against movement and interruption of FRs• Because FR does not have node address unlike IP

2. Flexible content-driven operation of FRs• Change movement speed depending on content name

• Dynamic generation of contents (e.g., helicopter shot)

3. High performance due to in-network cache• Shorten moving distance of FRs

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Out

In

1. Robust againsttopology variation

2. Change drone’sbehavior

Content name:/xyz/urgency=high

Speed up

Content name:/heli_shot/LAT,LON

2. Generate contentat FR from Interest

cache

3. No need toreach server

A

B

Osaka University

Application examples of FRs

• There are a variety of applications of FRs. • Provide connectivity between dis-joint networks

effectively using the advantages from routers and ICN.

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In sensor networks In disaster scenarios

Osaka University

Outline

• Background

• CCN Architecture with Flying Routers

• Demo Movie of Prototype

• Summary and Future Work

10 Osaka University

An operation scenario

• Intra-region network is constructed by a gateway of a host.

• Multiple FRs construct inter-region network.

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GW2GW1

GW3

Host only

Network 1

Region C

Network 2

Network 3Network 0

Region B

Region DRegion A

Intra-region network

GWGateway whichconfigures network

Node whichconnects with GW

Content

Communication areaof disjoint network

FRs （Flying Routers）

(((

802.11 connection

Inter-region network

Moving

FRs

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Osaka University

How introducing movement of an FR into CCN

• Interface Table is proposed to map between faces and locations.

• FR can move to gateways associated with requested contents by referring to FIB/PIT and Interface Table.

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Face Location

Host1 LocA

GW1 LocB

GW2 LocC

GW1

Host1

C1

GW2

C2

Interface Table

LocA

LocB LocC

Content name Face

C1 GW1

C2 GW2

C3 GW2

FIB

C3

Routing tables of FR

Osaka University

RP

How delivering messages by FRs cooperatively

• FRs in crawling mode (Crawling FRs)• Crawl along intra-region networks

• Collect and advertise routing information (lists of contents)

• Pick up Interest and forward it to a delivering FR

• FRs in delivering mode (Delivering FRs)• Wait at Rendezvous Point (RP), which is central position of

an inter-region network firstly (waiting mode)

• Deliver Interest and Data

• Back to waiting mode after delivering

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Crawling FRs

Pick upInterest Delivering FR

(waiting mode)

Select a delivering FRForward Interest Interest

delivering

Data delivering

Osaka University

Outline

• Background

• CCN Architecture with Flying Routers

• Demo Movie of Prototype

• Summary and Future Work

14 Osaka University

Functions of prototype

• A prototype of FR is developed, which has only delivering mode to confirm the feasibility of this proposal easily.

• The prototype can only realize the following functions.1. Wait until an Interest is received

2. Forwarding the Interest to the server including movement

3. Wait until the Data is received

4. Forwarding the Data to the requester including movement

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Node Ain Region A

Node Bin Region B

Osaka University

How realizing Interface Table on CCN

• Virtual Proxy Model is proposed to realize Interface Table.• There are as many intra-region networks as proxies on an FR.

• Proxies are applied to Face of FIB/PIT.

• A proxy has a function to move an FR to one place.

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Router

Name prefix Face

/ A

Name prefix Face

/service1/ B

/service2/ C

Name prefix Face

/ D

Server 1 Server 2AB C

D

Router

Name prefix Face

/ A

Name prefix Face

/service1/ B

/service2/ C

Server 1 Server 2A

B CDProxy 1 Proxy 2

Normal CCN

Name prefix Face

/ A

CCN with Virtual Proxy Model

FIB

FR

Osaka University

How realizing Interface Table on CCN

• Virtual Proxy Model is proposed to realize Interface Table.• There are as many intra-region networks as proxies on FR.

• Proxies are applied to Face of FIB/PIT.

• A proxy has function to move an FR to one place.

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Router

Name prefix Face

/ A

Name prefix Face

/service1/ B

/service2/ C

Name prefix Face

/ D

Server 1 Server 2AB C

D

Router

Name prefix Face

/ A

Name prefix Face

/service1/ B

/service2/ C

Server 1 Server 2A

B CDProxy 1 Proxy 2

Normal CCN

Name prefix Face

/ A

Virtual Proxy Model

FIB

FR

Defer packets from RouterMove to location of Server 2

Defer packets from RouterMove to location of Server 1

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Osaka University

Prototype operation

• Raspberry Pi is used as CCN router.

• AR.Drone is used as drone.

• CCNx 0.8.2 is used as implementation of CCN.

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FR

InterestCCNx

IP（802.11）Host or Gateway

CCNx

Raspberry Pi

AR.Drone

LatitudeLongitude

GPS

Osaka University

Demo movie

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Osaka University

Outline

• Background

• CCN Architecture with Flying Routers

• Demo Movie of Prototype

• Summary and Future Work

20 Osaka University

Summary and future work

• Summary• Flying Router (FR) is proposed by introducing Interface

Table in CCN protocol stacks.

• How FRs cooperate to deliver contents is discussed.

• A prototype of FR is developed, and its operation (only delivering mode) is demonstrated.

• Future work• Investigation on the feasibility of multiple drones operation

• e.g., scheduling, movement strategy, security, and so on

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Osaka University

For questions

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Signaling : how to select a delivering FR

• A crawling FR selects a delivering FR from waiting FRs.

• Signaling is performed by exchange of CCN message.1. A crawling FR broadcasts an Interest to waiting FRs

2. Each waiting FR sends back a Data including• whether local cache of the content is hit

• destination of messages which the waiting FR already has

• specifications of the waiting FR (e.g., battery, speed)

3. The crawling FR selects one appropriate delivering FR

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Waiting FRs

Crawling FR

1. Broadcast Interest

Waiting FRs

Crawling FR

2. Sends back Data

Batterylevel high Delivering FR

Crawling FR

I ask you todeliver the content.

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Osaka University

An example of our cooperative routing

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GW1

Host1

C1

LocA

LocB

GW2

LocC

C3

Face Location

Host1 LocA

GW1 LocB

GW2 LocC

Interface TableContent name Face

C1 GW1

C2 GW2

C3 GW2

FIB

Routing tables of FRs

Content name Face

PIT

RP

Crawling FR

C2C2

C2 Host1

C2

Delivering modeWaiting mode

Continue crawling…

: Interest: Data

C2

Caches gathered at RP.

Osaka University

An example of Virtual Proxy Model

• Virtual Proxy Model is proposed to realize Interface Table.• There are as many intra-region networks as proxies on FR.

• Proxies are applied to Face of FIB/PIT.

• A proxy has function to move an FR to one place.

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GW0 GW1

Proxy 1 Proxy 2

CCN Router

FR

Region A

Network 0

Region B

Network 1

Content-name prefix

Face

/ Proxy 1

Content-name prefix

Face

/regionA/ Proxy 1

/regionB/ Proxy 2

Content-name prefix

Face

/ Proxy 2

FIBFIBFIB

/regionB/