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Oceans and the climate

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Page 1: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

Oceans and the climate

Page 2: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

840m

3730m

Page 3: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 4: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 5: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 6: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 7: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 8: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

Thermocline

Temperature

Page 9: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 10: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 11: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 12: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 13: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

Salinity

~34.5/1000 = 34.5‰

34.5 per mil

Page 14: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 15: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 16: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 17: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 18: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 19: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 20: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

O2 CO2

O2

CO2

Page 21: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

Warmer Oceans absorb LESS CO2

Page 22: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 23: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 24: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 25: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 26: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 27: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 28: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 29: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 30: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 31: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

Upwelling brings nutrients to surface

Nutrients increase biological activity

Page 32: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

SE Monsoon (May-June) NE Monoon (Sept-Oct)

Phytoplankton concentrations

Page 33: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 34: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

Sea Surface Temperature

Page 35: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

Desert mainly on WESTERN side of continents

Page 36: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 37: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 38: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 39: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 40: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 41: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

Mixing of Heat into the Deep Ocean delays global warming

Page 42: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 43: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

Warmer Oceans Sea Level Rise

Page 44: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 45: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 46: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

Ocean Acidification

Page 47: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers
Page 48: PowerPoint Presentationcolin/courses/PSES/Ch8_Oceans.pdf · 2016-12-19 · Land areas 75 50 Ocean areas Atlantic Pacific 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Millions of square kilometers

Homework

Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007: Coral Reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification, Science, 318, 1737-1742.


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