HOW WOULD YOU EXPLAIN PERSONS HAVING CRUSH ON YOU?

ANSWER:P1: GIRLS WHO HAVE

CRUSH ON ME TEND TO KISS ME AT MY COMMAND

P2: WHEN YOUR GRANDMOTHER AND ME MET, SHE INTENTIONALLY KISSED ME

C: YOUR GRANDMOTHER HAS A CRUSH ON ME

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

Meditation:battling internal struggle.

questions

Position - BODY: to survey the work with

Searching for answers

AUGUSTE RODIN’S STATUE: THINKER

1. Lover of pleasure2. Lover of success3. Lover of wisdom:

“philla” love

“sophia” Wisdom

Greek (Pythagoras): men could be divided into 3 types

How was Philosophy coined?

WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE WORLD IF NO ONE WILL ASK A QUESTION?

ULTIMATE QUESTION IN LIFE?

Santiago, Alma; Logic: The Art of Reasoning, 4th Edition, Redman Printing Press, 2006.

Babor, Eddie; Logic: The Philosophical Discipline of Correct Thinking, C & E Publishing, 2003

Cruz, Corazon; Introduction to Logic, 4th Edition, National Bookstore, 2008

Buenaflor, Lionel; The Art of Critical Thinking: Logic for Filipino Students, Books Atbp., Publishing Corp., 2004

SUPPLEMENTAL REFERENCES:

To see is to believe. Your friend gave you these 2 plates and it just so happened that this will be your first time to see such foods. Your friend maintained that plate B is the real food. How would you know that the other is not real? What are your grounds that made you claim on such assertion? – OUTPUT (10 POINTS)

A B

GREEKS Awed by the world of nature Offering: endless variety of

activity: bodily things both living and non-

living. A world inspired wonder

–admiration: responding to an invitation to inquire why things are the way they are.

SPECULATIONS: Absence of technology

To support our ignorance: We create myths

to guess what the world is made out ofWHAT WOULD YOU DEMAND?CHANGES THAT DEMAND

EXPLANATION!TRANSITION THAT TAKES

PLACE? From ignorance to science!

BEGINNINGS OF PHILOSOPHY

Universal Science:encompassing the totality of reality

Rejects:myth, hearsay and

wishful thinking.Makes conclusion using: empirical

evidence.

PHILOSOPHY

What is real? What is the difference between appearance and reality --- the unreal and real?Result of conditioned education:

relying on appearanceUnobservable entities:

We can see things made of matter, such as book or a chair, but we cannot see the underlying matter itself. (E.g. fruit)

Although we can experience in our minds thoughts, ideas, desires and fantasies, we cannot observe or experience the mind itself which is having these thoughts, ideas, and desires.

Consistency, comprehensibility, simplicity, and comprehensiveness are crucial in ascertaining reality.

METAPHYSICS

In making moral decisions, should we consider only our own good (egoism) or the good of others (altruism)Subjectivism:

morality exists only in the eye of the beholder

Objectivists: morality exists

independently of what anyone thinks is right or wrong.

Utilitarianism: greatest pleasure or happiness for the greatest number Jeremy Bentham:

quantitative in the evaluation of pleasure

John Stuart Mill: qualitative approach

ETHICS

To determine the valid sources of knowledge and truths so as not to be deluded. It asks the questions: What is knowledge? What is truth?

Empiricists: General ideas are formed from the

examination of particular facts --- “induction.” (assumptions)

Knowledge through sense experienceThree oranges in a crate.

Rationalists:There exist a general law to which

particular facts can be understood --- “deduction.”

Real knowledge is based on logic, laws, methods that reason develops.

All lasers are optical devices. Some lasers are surgical instruments.Therefore, some optical devices are

surgical instruments. Pragmatists:

Value in use in relation to its potential consequence is the real test of truth and meaning.

EPISTEMOLOGY

Detecting faulty arguments whether it is valid or invalid in daily discourse.

Aristotle on truth:Agreement of

knowledge with realityTruth exists when the

mind’s mental representations (ideas) correspond with things in the objective world.

LOGIC

TRUTH CLAIMS?

“masarap magmahal,

nagmamahal ako, samakatuwid…

masarap ako!”

God is love, but love is blind. Therefore, God is blind!”

kung may rabis ang laway mo.. handa akong

maulol, MAHALIKAN LANG KITA…sana ulan ka at lupa ako,

para kung ayaw mo’t sa gusto, sakin ang bagsak mo…

Tae ka ba? Di kasi kita matiis at magawang tapakan.

Tapos na ba ang exam mo? Para ako naman sagutin mo.

para kang libag, pilit kitang inaalis pero balik ka pa rin ng

balikkulangot ka ba??

hard to get ka kasi ..Politiko ka ba?

Boto kasi parents ko sayo!Utot ka ba?

Ang hirap mo kasing pakawalan!

CHEESY LINES: LOGIC

1. SIMPLE APPREHENSION

2. JUDGMENT3. REASONING

DIVISION OF LOGIC

SIMPLE APPREHENSION (“Intuitionism”)1. intellect grasps

the essence of something.

2. Apprehension (capture):

Thing is held mentally.

3. Simple: without any

affirmation or denial about it.

JUDGMENTMental operation that pronounces: the identity or non-identity between two ideas.

REASONINGA mental act that proceeds from the previously known truth to a new truth.

SIMPLE APPREHENSION:JUDGMENT:REASONING:

EXAMPLES:

Capacity to produce feelings that are pleasant

Plato: beauty is identical with

the good Aristotle: beauty is

symmetry, proportion,: organic order of parts in a

united whole.

Beauty helps us to rise from purely physical existence into the realm of intellect and spirit.

Gadamer: our tastes and judgments regarding beauty work in connection with:

one’s own personal experience and culture.

AESTHETICS

WHAT WOMEN WANT If God is omniscient,

FUTURE?If he knows the future:

UNFOLD EXACTLY TO HIS FOREKNOWLEDGE

OTHERWISE: IGNORANT!IF IT’S A NECESSITY =

FREEDOM?

Philosophy of God (Theology)

CONCLUSION seems to be:Either God is omniscient but immoral, or he is benevolent but ignorant?

Man → World School → Work Death ?

MARXLoss of

Meaning

Framework: loss & gain

Recovery?

Thesis: Bourgeois (Capitalist)

Antithesis: revolution

Synthesis: Communist Society

No Private Ownership

Capitalist

State

Businessmen

WorkersExploitation/

SufferingClass

Structure

Religion: Opium

Alienation/ separation

Worker to the product/ activities

↑Meaning in life: free

time

→→→

→→

→→

→

→

→

→→ → →→ →

Parts: Replaceable→

SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY

ceaseless search for the ultimate meaning of life. PROBLEMS THAT NEEDED SUBSTANTIAL

ANSWERSLOGICAL (problems of reasoning)ETHICAL (problems of morality)EPISTEMOLOGICAL (problems of truth)THEOLOGICAL (problems of God)SOCIAL (problems of the society)AESTHETICAL (problems of art and beauty)

→ BRANCHES IN PHILOSOPHY

LOVER OF WISDOM: