power to gas: smart energy conversion and storage

ETOGAS GmbH

Industriestrasse 6, D-70565 Stuttgart, Germany

Power to Gas: Smart energy conversion and storage Q2/2013

Version 2013Q2v5 - EN

ETOGAS GmbH 10.05.2013

ETOGAS: Company and Projects 2

The idea of Power to Gas 1

Content


Example: Residual load in Germany (“2050”)

All available options of load management and pumped hydro taken into account

At high share of renewable energy in the electricity system,

a key challenge will be the utilization of energy surplus Simulation for a 100% RE scenario: Residual load [GW], deficit in red, surplus in blue

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60 Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec Jan

Surplus (RE feed in > load)

Deficit (load > RE feed in)

Erratic cyclical patterns

Typical cycle of low

and high pressure

weather systems

(2-3 weeks)

Residual load [GW]

Source: Fraunhofer IWES, Energieziel 2050, p. 119


Full supply of green energy requires large storage capacities and long storage times Classification of different storage technologies according to their capacity and time

Source: ETOGAS, ZSW

• Wind and solar energy are strongly fluctuating, with

fluctuations caused by natural phenomena, which can not be

influenced.

• Nevertheless, renewable energy should be available in

general and at any time, the problem with the storage stays

central, large amounts of energy must be stored at the time it

is generated in order to be available in a continuous and

stable form when needed

• In today‘s power systems this is achieved by the storage of

fossil fuels.

• Electricity supply is a special case:

– Production and consumption must take place

simultaneously

– Today‘s existing power storage capacity in Germany

amounts to only 0,04 TWh, equivalent to the electricity

demand of less than one hour.

Renewable energies are discontinuous ETOGAS allows seasonal storage in the Twh range

Sto

rag

e t

ime

1 kWh 1 MWh 1 GWh 1 TWh

Storage capacity

Flywheel

Batteries

Compressed

air

1 year

1 month

1 day

1 hour

e-Methan

Hydrogen

ETOGAS unlocks the existent natural gas network of Germany with capacity of >220 TWh

for the storage of wind and solar energy

Pumped-

hydro


Each energy storage system has its own characteristic system frequency The ratio between energy (E) and power (P) determines the typical cycle time

Use of the surplus Provide in case of

deficits

Charge Store Discharge

P1 P2

Eavail

Storage

Short-term storage systems are not economically usable for long-term storage purposes

and to secure allocation of capacity to utilize surpluses

examples

Short-term storage

Pump storage Power-to-Gas

E/P =

unlimited

Daily storage Secured capacity

Batteries

E/P=1 h E/P=8 h

Source: ETOGAS


The large emerging market for energy storage will be segmented by the

frequency/duration of storage rotation Cost per unit of output energy vs. duration of rotation cycle

Source: ETOGAS

Power-to-Gas

Inclination over time:

Cost of storage place x time of storage

Starting point :

Conversion loss

Hours Weeks / Months Days

Least cost frontier

~ no cost of storage place & time

Co

st

pe

r u

nit

of

ou

tpu

t e

nerg

y

Duration of rotation cycle


Source: Adapted from Siemens AG (Gaëlle Hotellier) and ISEA/RWTH 2012 1 kW based on electric input power 2 without usage of high-temperature heat from the methanation process

Round-trip efficiency vs. cycle time

Eff

icie

ncy

0

40

Monate

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

85

90

95

80

100

Wochen 12 h 8 h 4 h 0 h

CAES

H2 + CCGT

CH4 + CCGT 2

Storage duration

NaS

Flywheel

Li-Ion

Redox Flow

Pumped hydro storage

Pb

Values for 2012-2030

mechanisch

elektrochemisch

chemisch

Speichertyp

Power vs. Energy-specific invest cost (€/kW vs. €/kWh) 1

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000CH4+CCGT (existing gas grid used)

H2+CCGT (without infracstructure cost)

mechanical

electrochemical

chemical

PSW

Redox

Flow CAES

Flywheel

Li-Ion

Values for 2012-2030

100 1000

Invest cost per storage volume (€/kWh)

Pb NaS

Storage type

Round-trip efficiency is only one of several criteria that can be used to compare

storage technologies Round-trip efficiency vs. storage period, power vs. energy-specific invest costs (€/kW vs. €/kWh)


Nature stores energy using carbon and water with a relatively low efficiency Photon-to-Fuel process in nature

Light

(Photons)

CO2

photo-synthesis

The efficiency of fuel production when using biomass is

smaller than η = 0,5 percent

biomass to fuel

• Water is splitted to oxygen & hydrogen

12 H2O 24 (H) + 6 O2

• H2 reacts with CO2:

6 CO2 + 24 (H) C6H12O6 + 6 H2O

efficiency

η < 1%

efficiency

η < 50%

H2O

total eff.

η < 0,5%

CxHyOz

fuel

(stored energy)

O2

Source: ETOGAS


The Power-to-Gas technology makes usage of renewable electricity surpluses possible

– for use in heat, mobility and electricity sectors ETOGAS is technology leader and develops, manufactures and sells P2G turnkey-plants

Source: Specht, Sterner et al.

Example Germany: Power-to-Gas unlocks ~200 TWh of existing storage capacity in the gas grid

Solar

CO2

Electricity grid

CO2

H2

Gas to electricity

Electricity to gas

Gas grid

Gas storage

CO2 -Tank

Electrolysis

H2

CO2

H2

CH4

Methanization

Wind

Electricity H2 SNG

BEV FCEV CNG-V

Mobility

BEV = Battery Electric Vehicle FCEV = Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle CNG-V = Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle

Heat

Industry


The electricity-to-methane conversion efficiency of P2G is up to 60%* (>80% with use of

waste heat); the synthetic natural gas can be fed into the gas grid Efficiency of reconversion to el. power: CHP/gas turbines without heat use: 35-40%, with heat use ca. 60%

Electrolysis

11.7%

26.7% LT waste heat

HT waste heat

61,6%

Substitute Natural Gas

(SNG)

100%

CO2-compression via

electricity

98.9%

1.1%

Conversion rate of CO2 and H2

Example of gas composition before and after methanation [Vol-%],

adjustment of the Wobbe index in accordance with the feedgas supply

CH4-rich

Product-Gas (SNG) Educt-Gas

CO2

20%

H2

80%

CH4

95%

CO2

2%

H2

3%

Synthesis Volume reduction 5:1

CO2 CH4 + 2 H2O exoth. ΔHR

0 = -164,9 kJ/mol

Source: ETOGAS / ZSW; * basis: lower heating value of methane


Dynamic operation of alkaline electrolysis was already demonstrated in 1995 (German-

Saudi Arabian R&D programme „Hysolar“) Technology status 1995: Intermittent operation of an alkaline electrolyzer directly coupled to a PV installation

current electrolyzer

global insolation

voltage electrolyzer

Source: DLR / ZSW


Source: BMWi, ETOGAS

When going 100% renewable, the electricity sector is only 1/5 of the problem

(Germany); heat and mobility add up to ~80% Total energy consumption in Germany (2008) by sectors; Total consumption: 3440 TWh

30%

21%

Electricity

Transport fuels 16%

High-temperature heat (> 100°C)

33%

Low-temperature heat (< 100°C)


Source: ETOGAS

Apart from problems arising in the electricity sector, the de-carbonization of the heat, mobility

and industry sectors will be a major task Timeline (qualitative) of problems occurring on the way to renewable energy in all sectors

Problems Today 2020 2020+

Capacity problems distribution grid Visible

Capacity problem transmission grid Partly visible

Investments into grid capacity with decreasing

marginal value Not visible

Fluctuations of residual load,

fluctuating electricity prices Not visible

Demand for storage capacity (< 2 days) Not visible

Demand for storage capacity (> 2 days) Not visible

Decarbonization of heat and industry sector Important

Decarbonization of mobility sector (short range) Important

De-carbonization of mobility sector

(in part.: long range, trucks, ships, planes) Important

Importance of hurdles

Time


The flexibility of Power-to-Gas is three-dimensional Flexibility of utilization regarding (i) location, (ii) time, and (iii) energy sector

Source: ETOGAS

here

elsewhere

power

now later

mobility

time

location

energy

sector

heat


There is a wide range of applications for the renewable gas Examples of different CO2-neutral pathways

Source: ETOGAS

(long range)

passenger mobility

ships &

airplanes

Gas to Power:

GT / BHKW…

pipelines /

gas storage

heating

cooling /

chiller

trucks

solar wind hydro etc…

Renewable Power to Gas

chemical industry


ETOGAS: Company and Projects 2

The idea of Power to Gas 1

Content


ETOGAS builds & sells Power-to-Gas turnkey plants About ETOGAS

Source: ETOGAS

ETOGAS

smart energy conversion

• Second capital round successfully closed end of 2012 amounting to 6,8 M€

• Lead Investor of second capital round is Aster Capital (Alstom, Solvay, Schneider Electric, European

Investment Fund) Funding

• α-plant: Feasibility of the P2G process was demonstrated successfully in 2009 with a 25kWel pilot plant

• β-plant: With the launch customer Audi AG, a commercial 6,3MWel β-plant is being built in Werlte (Germany)

• γ-plant: under development - a 250kWel power-to-gas pilot-plant was realized together with ZSW, Stuttgart

• various feasibility studies and consulting projects in the field of RE, energy storage and power-to-gas

Projects

• CAPEX optimized turnkey-plants (Electrolysis, CO2-Methanation and Balance of Plant (BoP))

• Electrolysis: alkaline pressurized electrolysis ~1MWel to ~100MWel for dynamical / intermittent operation

• CO2-Methantion: Reactor systems for conversion of H2 and CO2 to methane (synthetic natural gas) Products

• ETOGAS currently is a team of ~30 experienced people

• Managing Directors: Dipl.-Ing. ETH Gregor Waldstein & Dr. oec. HSG Karl Maria Grünauer

• Cooperation with leading research institutes, in particular the Center for solar energy & hydrogen research

(ZSW), Stuttgart, and the Fraunhofer IWES, Kassel

Team

• Founded 2007 in Salzburg by Gregor Waldstein

• Company focus is build & sell of Power-to-Gas turnkey plants (electrolyzer and methanation systems)

• Headquarter: Stuttgart (Germany) Company


ETOGAS brings the P2G technology from the lab to the market Past steps in Germany: 1. 25kWel α-plant, 2. 6MWel β-plant, and 3. 250kWel P2G pilot w/ ZSW

Source: ETOGAS

Werlte

Stuttgart

2009 Alpha-Anlage Morbach

beta-plant with Audi, 2013

Hersfeld

EWE, w/ biogas, 2010

IWES 2012

250 kW, ZSW 2012

juwi, 2011

ETOGAS / ZSW 2009

α

γ

α

α β


The 25kWel α-plant shows the feasibility of the P2G process (including CO2 extraction

from air), and is running successfully since November 2009 Overview

• Even without optimization measures, a total efficiency of

40% of the Power-to-gas system has been proved

• The ambient air serves as a source of CO2

• The system was realized together with the Centre for

Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research (ZSW) in Stuttgart

The basic feasibility has been demonstrated in

a pilot plant

Schematic view of the containerized prototype left: electrolysis & methanation

right: electrodialysis for CO2 extraction from air

The resultant product is DVGW- and DIN-compliant synthetic natural gas and can be used directly

e.g. as fuel for a CNG vehicle

α

Source: ETOGAS


The concept of „wind power in the gas tank“ is ready today Filling of a VW serial poduction CNG car by the alpha plant in Stuttgart

α

Source: ETOGAS


Source: www.audi-balanced-mobility.de

The ETOGAS launch customer Audi AG demonstrates the complete process of

renewable long-range mobility from wind energy to gas vehicle Process chain of Audi´s „e-gas-project“ together with ETOGAS

β

http://www.audi-balanced-mobility.de/






AUDI with ETOGAS among the Top 50 Disruptive Companies 2013 http://www2.technologyreview.com/tr50/2013/

β

from 05/2013: ETOGAS

Source: MIT Technology Review, 2013


World’s largest Power-to-Gas plant from ETOGAS 6MWel β-plant for AUDI at Werlte (min. 1000 t e-gas will be produced p.a. using 2800 t CO2)

β

Methanation reactor Electrolyzer hall

Feed-in station to gas grid

Source: ETOGAS


The AUDI and ETOGAS plant will be launched in the 3rd quarter 2013, it will

intermittently use renewable energy and feed SNG into the gas transport grid Plant concept und status E04/2013

Source: ETOGAS, AUDI

Figure1: Electrolyzer hall Figure 2: One out of three 2 MW-Electrolyzers Figure 3: Methanation reactor

β


VOLKSWAGEN‘s solution for a CO2-efficient long distance mobility is focused

on Power-to-Gas AUDI introduces the A3 g-tron at the GENEVA Motor Show in March 2013

Source: AUDI AG

β

Rupert Stadler, CEO AUDI AG:

„[… ] It is not only efficient as a stand-alone device, but also considers the whole process from the energy source

into the car itself. This resulted in the Audi A3 g-tron and the CO2-neutral fuel:

Audi e-gas. […]

With this approach we are solving one of largest challenges regarding the application of renewable energy.“


Source: Audi AG

A vehicle powered with e-gas is as environmentally friendly as an

electrical car powered by wind energy Example: compact class car with 200 000 km operation

CO2-equivalent

[g/km] CO2-emissions tank-to-wheel

CO2-emissions vehicle manufacturing

CO2-emissions well-to-tank

Gasoline (fossile)

CNG (fossile)

BioMethan (Mais)

BEV (wind power)

BEV (EU - electricity mix)

- 85% CO2

(well-to-wheel)

e-gas (wind power)

β


Installation of 250kWel-P2G plant at Gas Storage Area in Stuttgart-Vaihingen Location of the facility with gas storage in front

Source: ZSW, ETOGAS

P2G Plant Facility

γ

Visit by german federal minister

of environment and prime minister of

Baden-Württemberg, Sept 2012

funded by


Installation of 250kWel-P2G plant at Gas Storage Area in Stuttgart-Vaihingen Plant design methanation (from left to right): gas separation, reactor type 1, reactor type 2

Source: ZSW

γ


Installation of 250kWel-P2G plant at Gas Storage Area in Stuttgart-Vaihingen 280kW Electrolyzer Unit

Source: ZSW

γ

power to gas: smart energy conversion and storage

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