power systems tesx preoicedure

PROTECTION SCHEMES
CORPORATE OPERATION SERVICES
CONTENTS
CHAPTER NAME OF RELAY PAGE NO. 1 7SA513 02 2 7SA522 24 3 7SJ62 32 4 7UT613 37 5 9505 V3 (BPL-PLCC) 44 6 D-60 59 7 DAD-N 71 8 DUOBIAS 78 9 EPAC 90

Testing Procedure for 7SA522
7SA522 is a complete solution to Protection of a Transmission Line. Generally we are using
following features: -
2. Over Voltage Stage I & II.
3. Power Swing Detection, Blocking / Tripping.
4. Switch On to Fault (SOTF).
5. Stub Protection (Applicable in 4 CT schemes).
6. Directional Earth Fault (DEF).
7. Fuse Failure.
8. Fault Locator.
Also this relay is having in-built Disturbance Recorder having capacity to store 8 Recordings.
Detail of Relay under Test:
1. DC Input Voltage – 220V
2. CT Terminals - Terminals of Test Handle as per Scheme.
3. CVT Terminals - Terminals of Test Handle as per Scheme.
Testing Instruments Required:
1. RELAY TEST KIT make Automatic Relay Test Kit with Laptop.
2. Testing Leads

1. Insert RTXP18 Test Handle in the Relay Test Block.
2. Connect Current Output of the Test Kit to the Test Handle at Terminals as per scheme in
sequence of R, Y, B and N respectively.
3. Connect Voltage Output of the Test Kit to the Test Handle at Terminals as per scheme in
sequence of R, Y, B and N respectively.
4. Connect General Trip Output of the Relay as feedback to the Test Kit in Logic Input (generally
Input 1) of the Relay Test Kit.
5. Connect Laptop of the Testing kit with Relay Test Kit through the suitable communication cable
to the suitable port.
6. Connect 15A Single Phase AC Supply cable to the suitable 15A Power Socket.
7. Note: Before connecting supply Cable, check the grounding of the Power Socket.
Preparing the Relay Characteristic and Importing it in the Software:
1. Export “.rio” file from Digsi 4.82 Software and import it in the Test Software.
2. Add a new Location by Right Clicking and select append then name it as Line Name.
3. Open the Location and add the relay by appending and give Relay Name as Main I / Main II,
Serial No. as per actual, Manufacturer Siemens and Model as 7SA522.
4. Open the Relay, Click on Relay parameters Tab and import the “.rio”. Then Click on Test Plan
tab and add the required Test by appending e.g. Reach Test.
5. Open the Test and append it as suitable Test name and give Test Type as required.
6. Now the Relay Testing Software is ready for Relay Testing.
7. If due to any reason “.rio” file is not available then the testing has to be performed in manual
shot mode.
Prepared by WRTS-II, POWERGRID 7SA522
Testing Procedure for Reach Test:
1. Open the Software and go into the Test.
2. Then in Test Elements, Select Function Name as the imported “.rio”.
3. Select Zones for Ph-N and Ph-Ph Fault Loops.
4. Go in Test Configuration, Select Test Method as Constant Current, fix Desired Test Current as
1A and Max acceptable Voltage as 90% of the rating, CT direction as Towards Line (the voltage
& current values are decided from Zone reaches and maximum ratings of relays). The Test
Method can also be selected as Constant Source Impedance if applicable, then Put Source
Impedance as 20Ohms and Line Angle as 85 Deg, CT direction as Towards Line.
5. Go in Test Timing and Trigger Selection, Set Pre fault as 1000ms, Max Fault should be kept
more than Zone 3 Timing and Time between Shots as 200ms.
6. Also Select Trigger as Input 1 for all type fault loops.
7. Select Source Configuration as Three Voltages and Three Currents.
8. Go in Test Points, Add Test Points by Double Clicking on the Boundary of each Zone to be
tested for Ph-N and Ph-Ph fault Types.
9. Go in Test, select Multi Point Shots and fault Type whichever to be tested. Then Click on Play
Button.
10. Now the Software will perform the Reach Test of the Relay as per Points added.
11. After Completion of the test, Click on save Button for saving the Test Results.
12. Go in Reports Tab, Click on Preview Button and Export it in the suitable format and save it.
13. If doing manual testing in shot mode, then determine the zone reaches by applying faults near
zone boundaries and then observing the relay performance (operating time etc.) through its
contact used for feedback to the kit. This has to be done for all fault loops (RN, YN, BN,RY,
YB, BR) and all zones (Z1,Z2,Z3 & Rev.Z4/5).

Testing of Carrier Send Feature: -
1. Connect Multi meter across Carrier Send Contacts of the Relay as per Relay Scheme in DC
Mode. 220V will appear on Multi meter.
2. Give Zone I Fault through Test Kit.
3. See the Voltage in the Multi meter, it will show Zero Voltage at the time fault momentarily.
4. Also see the Disturbance Recorded in the DR for the Carrier Send Event. Similarly, the counter
increment in PLCC panel can also be observed. Further, if the PLCC panel can be put in loop
back mode (through Dummy Load), then after applying Zone I Fault through Test Kit, pickup
of carrier receive Relay/ ‘Opto’ can also be observed.
Testing of Carrier Added Trip Feature: -
1. Short the Carrier Receive Terminals on the relay as per Relay Scheme and give Zone-IB fault.
2. In this case Relay should give tripping in slightly more than Zone-I timing (actual time is of
the order of 50-60ms), but it should be much less than Zone-2 time.
3. Also see the Disturbance Recorded in the DR for the Carrier Aided Tripping. Similarly, the
counter increment in PLCC panel can also be observed.
Testing of Fault Locator Feature:
1. Give the Ph-N and Ph-Ph fault at approximately at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of Line Length.
2. Check for the Fault Location in the Local HMI of the Relay.
3. This Distance should match with the Theoretical Value.

Testing of External A/R feature in connection with 7SA522: -
1. Close Main and Tie Circuit Breakers and ensure that there is no blocking present for Auto
Reclose Operation.
2. Give Ph-Earth Fault in Zone-I and observe the following in Yard and through DR:
i. Tripping of the particular CB Pole in which the fault has been given.
ii. Reclosing of the particular pole of Main Circuit Breaker after completion of Dead Time.
iii. Reclosing of the particular pole of Tie Circuit Breaker after successful reclosing of Main
Circuit Breaker.
iv. Give another Ph-Earth fault in Zone-I within Reclaim Time (generally kept as 25 Sec), now
Auto Reclose Relay will give Three Phase Tripping to Both Main and Tie Circuit Breakers.
3 Give Ph-Ph Fault, in this case 7SA522 will give Blocking Command to A/R Relay and A/R Relay
will give Three Phase Tripping. The same has to be confirmed from Yard and Disturbance
Recorder also.
Testing of Fuse Failure Feature:
1. See the setting for voltage & current setting for fuse fail. Let us take both setting of 3Uo &
3Io of set value.
2. Open the Software test tool in Relay Test Kit software. Set R &Y voltage as 63.5 V and B as
0.0V. Set all the three phase current as 0.2 A.
3. Apply value to the relay. The relay should sense it as: Fuse fail” This can be confirmed from
HMI.
a. Testing can also be performed automatically in State Sequencer mode. The steps of state
sequencer are

ii. Step 2-Fuse fail condition, whereas one voltage is stepped to zero volt for long enough
time for fuse fail function of relay to pick up.
iii. Step 3- Simulate an earth fault on same phase to verify that fuse fail function BLOCK the
trip signal.
iv. Step 4- Healthy system 2 that is exactly the same as step 1, use to reset fuse fail state.
v. Step 5- Simulate an earth fault condition same as step 3 on same phase. This time relay
should trip as no fuse fail condition exist.
Testing of Over Voltage Stage I and Stage II Feature:
Generally over Voltage setting in any Relay is kept as 110% of the base value for Stage I with
time delay of 5 Sec and 150% of the Base Value with no delay for Stage II.
1. Open Test Software and add a Ramp Function, make all the three phase voltage as 63.5V and
increase voltage in any of the phase in the step of 0.5V and wait for more than 5 sec and see
at what point relay is giving the tripping. It should give tripping after the voltage crosses the
mark of 69.5V for Stage I of the Over Voltage. Afterwards, for determining actual pickup,
fine increments (0.1 V) can be applied, starting from say 69 Volts.
2. Confirm for the same through the DR option in Local HMI of the relay.
3. Same process has to be repeated for all the three phases.
4. The reset ratio (drop off/ pick up value) is also to be checked for Over Voltage stage-1, by
recording of drop off value. It should be of the order of 0.99.
5. Now to test Over Voltage Stage II, the steps will remain same as above, only applied Voltage
will be 150 % of the Base Value i.e. 95.25 and the tripping should be instantaneous.
Testing of Stub Feature (Applicable for 4CT scheme): -
This feature gets activated only when Line Isolator Status is coming as open to the Relay. In

Open Test Software, add a ramp function in the relay, make all the three voltages as Zero and select
Ramp Type as Current and set IA, IB and IC as action and Voltage as Zero.
1. Make Offset Current as 0.5A and Delta Current as 0.05A and Current limit as 1.1A
(considering 1 A setting, i.e. max. limit of ramp is 110% of pick up value)..
2. Click the Play button and see the Actual Current at which Relay is giving tripping.
3. This also has to be confirmed by the DR in Local HMI of the Relay.
Testing of Switch on to Fault (SOTF) Feature: -
1. Open Test Software, add a ramp function in the relay, make Va as 0 and increase the value
Ia up to 2.5A.
2. Make Offset Current as 2.0A and Delta Current as 0.05A and Current limit as 2.6A.
3. Click the Play button and see the Actual Current at which Relay is giving tripping.
4. This also has to be confirmed by the DR in Local HMI of the Relay.
5. Alternately, make pre-fault time as zero & then apply one zone-2 fault and relay should
operate instantaneously in SOTF. For this Fuse Failure feature is not required to be kept as
OFF.
Testing of Directional Earth Fault (DEF) Feature: -
1. Open Control Panel; make any R, Y Voltage as Base Voltage and B as 40% of Base Voltage
and Current in R, Y phase as 0.5A and B phase current as >=20% of Base Value.
2. Now set Phase Angle between Vb and Ib as +20 Deg to -150Deg (this has to be calculated on
the basis of RCA here taken as 65 Deg).
3. Now click on play button and calculate the trip time with the help of timer.
4. Now repeat the procedure increasing value of current.

5. Repeat the above steps 1 to 4 for other two phases.
6. The results thus obtained should follow Normal Inverse Curve.
Testing of Power Swing Block (PSB) Feature: -
1. Open Test Software, add a State Simulation Characteristic in the Relay. Open Relay ramp
function in the relay, Set all the three phase voltages as Action V and set all the three
currents as 1 amp. Select ramp as two step. Set initial value of voltage such as (V/I) value
should start from greater value than Z-3 settings. For 7SA522 relay decrement of voltage
to be set as 0.025V and delta time to be set as 2ms( the impedance locus should move from
load area to relay characteristic very slowly). The minimum value of voltage in step 1
should be such that it should not enter to Zone 1 impedance setting. In the step 2 increment
of voltage to be set as 0.025V and time as 2ms up to the set value as per step one.

Prepared by WRTS-I, POWERGRID 7SJ62
TESTING PROCEDURE FOR BACKUP DIERCTIONAL
OVERCURRENT RELAY 7SJ62
(ii) Serial cable for communication of Laptop with relay
(iii)Testing Leads- 09 nos
(iv) Test Plugs-
(v) CT Shorting Leads 2 sets(For shorting of incoming CT cores )
(vi) Digital multi meter
2. Preliminary Checks
(i) All the connecting leads used for CT shorting are to be tested for continuity before using.
3. Taking Relay out of service and Isolation of CT & CVT inputs
(i) Connect the Laptop with relay and make the relay online. Switch Off the function
directional phase and directional earth fault over current in relay by switching OFF the
function in address 1501 and 1601 respectively.
(ii) Remove the cover of Test Block
(iii)Short the terminals 1,3,5,7 for CT in MPB Test Plug and insert the test plug. The shorting
terminals in MPB Test Plug must be ensured from the schematic drawing before inserting
the plug.
(iv) After inserting MPB plug in the block ,confirm no current present in relay
(v) Confirm no CVT voltage at relay terminals

4. Preparation for Secondary injection test
(i) Connect Relay Test kit with Laptop
(ii) Connect phase wise the current leads to 20, 18, 16 and 14 terminals in MPB test plug and
other end of leads to current source. Terminals of the test plug to be ensured from the
schematic drawing.
(iii)Connect phase wise the voltage leads to 17, 15, 13, and 12 terminals in MPB test plugs and
other end of leads to voltage source. Terminals of the test plug to be ensured from the
schematic drawing.
(iv) Connect 01 spare output contact of relay (assigned for general trip in relay )to logic input
of Relay Test kit with a separate lead.
Now the relay is ready for secondary injection.
5. Procedure
(i) Open control panel in laptop for secondary injection to relay.
(ii) By default 3 voltages and 3 current sources are selected in control panel.
a. For timing of relay operation click the logic & timer settings button in control panel window
b. Select input 1 contact (potential free) button , then the status of contact automatically will be
in Open to Close condition .
c. Select the phase (Ia or Ib or Ic) to be tested in logic & timer setting button.
d. Select Off to On for start condition of timer.
e. Select Set , then click OK.
f. Now the logic for timing measurement is set.
g. When fault is fed in a particular phase the relay output contact will trip the kit through logic
input1 and time is displayed in window.
(iii)Apply single phase voltages independently and measure the same in relay to ensure the
proper connection of voltage source leads in relay.
(iv) Feed single phase current independently and measure the same in relay to ensure the
proper connection of current source leads in relay.

6. Testing of DMT Directional Over current Feature
(i) As the laptop is online with relay, make directional over current function ON by putting
ON in the address 1501 and the setting of address 1601 should be OFF.
(ii) Put maximum value for IDMT pickup in address 1507 i.e 4. to avoid the operation of
IDMT during the testing of DMT feature.
(iii)There are 02 settings for current pickup in DMT in address 1502 I>>and 1504 I>.
(iv) While testing I> 1504 pick up, make I>> 1502 pickup infinity (put small letter O two times
for infinity).
(v) Open annunciation window in relay. Inject the current in relay through relay test kit with
start current at 70% of I setting( in address 1504 )and gradually increase the current
through kit till the relay picks up for directional over current fault .Relay pick up can be
seen in spontaneous annunciation of relay. Note the pickup value.
(vi) Inject 120% of I setting (address 1504) and note the timing of tripping recorded in Relay
Test kit.
(vii) Continue step (v) and step (vi) for other phases.
(viii) The directionality of relay operation can be checked by shifting the angle of faulty
phase by 180 degree and feeding the current greater than set value in relay. Then the
relay should not operate for the current in reverse direction.
7. Testing of IDMT Directional Over Current Feature
(i) Put the value infinity to address 1504 so that DMT will not operate while testing IDMT.
(ii) Put the set value to address 1507 for IDMT pick up.
(iii)Start feeding current in R-ph with 70% of set value .
(iv) Gradually increase the value of current till IDMT pick up is observed in spontaneous
annunciation in relay. Note the pickup value.
(v) Inject 2 times the set value of current and note the timing from kit. Check the timing with
calculated value.
(vi) Inject 5 times the set value of current and note the timing from kit. Check the timing with
calculated value.
(vii) Inject 10 times the set value of current and note the timing from kit. Check the timing
with calculated value.
(viii) Continue step (iii) to step (vii) for other phases. Then apply 3 phase current slightly
higher than set value and note the timing for 3 phase fault.
(ix) The directionality of relay operation can be checked by shifting the angle of faulty phase
by 180 degree and feeding the current in relay. The relay should not operate for the current
in reverse direction.
8. Testing of Directional Earth fault Over current for DMT
(i) As the laptop is online with relay, make the directional earth fault over current function
enable by putting ON in the address 1601 and switch OFF the Directional phase time over
current in address 1501.
(ii) Put maximum value for IDMT pickup in address 1607 i.e 4 to avoid IDMT operation
during testing DMT feature .
(iii)There are 02 settings for current pickup in DMT in address 1602 I>>and 1604 I>.
(iv) While testing I> 1604 pick up make I>> 1602 pickup infinity (put small letter O, two times
to address 1602).
(v) Open annunciation window in relay. Inject the current in R-ph in relay through Relay Test
kit with start current at 70% of I setting ( address 1604) and with R-phase voltage much
less than nominal value whereas keep other two phase voltages at nominal values.
Gradually increase the current through kit till the relay picks up . Note the pickup value.
(vi) Inject 120% of I setting in address 1604 and note the timing of tripping recorded in Relay
Test kit.
(vii) Continue step (v) and step (vi) for other phases.
(viii) The directionality of relay operation can be checked by shifting the angle of faulty phase
by 180 degree and feeding the current greater than set value in relay. The relay should not
operate for the current in reverse direction.
9. Testing of IDMT Directional Earth fault Over Current Feature
(i) Put the value infinity to address 1604 so that DMT will not operate while testing IDMT.

(iii)Keep the voltage of R-ph much less than nominal value and other two phase voltages at
nominal values. Start feeding current in R-ph with 70% of set value to address 1607.
(iv) Gradually increase the value of current till IDMT pick up is observed in spontaneous
annunciation in relay. Note the pickup value.
(v) Inject 2 times the set value of current and the timing from kit. Check the timing with
calculated value.
(vi) Inject 5 times the set value of current and the timing from kit. Check the timing with
calculated value.
(vii) Inject 10 times the set value of current and the timing from kit. Check the timing with
calculated value.
(viii) Continue the step (iii) to step (vii) for other phases and note the timings.
(ix) The directionality of relay operation can be checked by shifting the angle of faulty phase
by 180 degree and feeding the current in relay greater than set value. The relay should not
operate for the current in reverse direction.
10. Completion of testing
(i) After completion of testing put the actual setting values in relay.
(ii) Switch OFF the Relay Test kit and its supply. Remove the output contact from relay used
for testing.
(iii)Remove the test leads from MPB test plug connected with Relay Test kit.
(iv) Remove the MPB test plug without disturbing the CT shorting in MPB test plugs.
(v) Check the current and voltages in relay.

Prepared by SRTS-II, POWERGRID 7UT613
TEST REPORT FOR SIPROTEC - 7UT613
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAY
I. Testing of Measuring Elements
A). Inject nominal secondary current to the relay at given measurement location (M1, M2,
M3 etc., and X1,X2) for all the assigned locations.
S.No. Measurement
Phase
applied
Voltage
applied
(Volts)
OK/ NOT
2. Pick up Test (for Differential)
1) Measurement Location can be M1/M2/M3/M4/M5. When current is given in Ir, The other
phases and other locations is given 0 A.
MEASUREMENT LOCATION:M1/M2/M3/M4/M5
Ir
Iy
Ib
While doing single phase injection, the theoretical current to be reduced by a factor of 1.5.
Pick up test (for Differential High set)
MEASUREMENT LOCATION:M1/M2/M3/M4/M5
Ir
Iy
Ib
While doing single phase injection, the theoretical current to be reduced by a factor of 1.5 &
make differential current set is higher than differenetial High Set setting.
Procedure: 1) Check the functioning of differential protection on both sides of the bias line.
2) The tripping characteristics is plotted in the character definition
Parameters --- > Test objects - - > Character definition.
For values refer Appendix.
3) In Parameters --- > Test objects - - > Protection Objects , The Tapping settings set as K1*1.5 for

4) Check the functioning of 5 points, just above and below the line, nearer to the line. And confirm the
tripping or blocking as per the position of the points.
Differential Protection for M1 and M3 : OK/ Not OK
Differential Protection for M2 and M3 : OK/ Not OK
Over-Excitation Protection:
The Voltage and Frequency are varied to achieve perunit values U/F in Software
Over Excitation
(i) Disable differential protection while testing DMT.
(ii) Apply one phase at a time the setting given with other phases zero current
(iii)Repeat the procedure for all the Measurement Locations to the side to which DMT is
assigned.
Phase Theoretical Actual Theoretical Actual
Ir
Iy
Ib
Appendix
Side 1 – M1 (Main bay) + M2 (Tie Bay)
Side- 2 - M3
Side- 2 - M3

DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
Typical settings:
Line 1 Eqn:
Solving 1 and 2 ; X= 0.3/0.25 =1.2
Y=0.3
(Y-0)/(X-2.5) = 0.60 (address 1243A)
0.25X =0.6X-1.5
X=4.2857
Y= 0.6 (10) -1.5
Now Line 1 is (0,0.3) to ( 1.2,0.3)
Line 2 is (1.2,0.3) to (4.28,1.07)
Line 3 is (4.28,1.07) to (10,4.5)
Definite Mean Time Overcurrent Protection
The setting is 1.3.
If side selected is primary side, the full load current being 454 A, the secondary current is 0.454

TESTING PROCEDURE FOR GE MAKE NUMERICAL DISTANCE PROTECTION
D - 60
(i) Relay Test Kit Test Kit with Laptop or PC.
(ii) Testing Leads - 01 Set.
(iii)Test Plugs - 02 Nos.
2. Preliminary Checks.
(i) All the connecting leads used for C.T. shorting are to be tested for continuity before using.
(ii) Ensure the presence of all the instruments, test leads & Relay Test Kit Kit with PC/Laptop
(with CMC Software).
3. Taking the relay out of Service & Isolation of CT & CVT inputs
(i) Keep carrier switch out of service.
(ii) Remove cover of test block A & B.
(iii)Shorting is to be made in MPG test plug (typically at 5,6,7,1 on bottom side) and then
insert Block A . Confirm no current is present in relay.
(iv) Insert Block B & confirm PT voltage is zero at relay terminals.
By above procedure CT and CVT input will be isolated and the entire trip out puts will
be blocked. However, procedure may vary as per the scheme of particular Sub-station.
4. Secondary Injection Test
Prepared by SRTS-I, POWERGRID D-60
Preparation
(i) Connect test kit RELAY TEST KIT with Laptop / PC.
(ii) Connect the voltage and current leads of’ Relay Test Kit kit to MPG test plugs at proper
terminals.
(iii)Connect current test lead in MPG Block A Top side (typically at 5,6,7,1).
(iv) Connect voltage test lead in MPG Block B on top side (typically at 8,9,10,1).
(v) For time measurement connect spare output signal relay contact (assigned with Gen trip
device), and connect it to Binary input 1 of Relay Test Kit kit.
Typically spare contact “H1 or Event Logger contact” may be used for this purpose and lead
may be connected to terminal.
Testing Procedure
(ii) Select ‘Distance relay’ und ‘testing’
(iii)Name of line & type of relay will appear in ‘selection’ menu. Select ‘GE Make D-60
Relay’ of required feeder for which relay being tested. In case characteristics of D-60 relay
were not available in library same can be down loaded from RELAY TEST KIT website
www.Relay Test Kit.at .
(iv) Check the settings of above selected relay in menu “param” (stands for parameters).
(v) Correct the settings of Vnom, Vmax, Inom, Imax etc. as below, if required.
(vi) Vnom = 63.5 (L-N) Inom = 1A fnom = 50 Hz
(vii) Vmax = 110V(L-N) Imax=5A
(viii) Select ‘assign (BinInp)’ for assignment of Binary input. At position 1 of Binary input
assign ‘trip.’ Return to selection menu.

1. Testing of Zone 1 reach:
(i) Select ‘times’ for Zone-1 as below.
a. Prefault time - 1.0 Second
b. Max fault time - 0.1 Second
c. Delay - 0.1 Second
d. Reclaim - 0.1 Second
e. CB close — 0.1 second
(ii) Select ‘impedance plane’. Set the required reach by entering the appropriate value of
Resistance & Reactance at R and X menu.
(iii)Set “type of fault” as AN fault (for R phase).
(iv) Operate the kit by entering the ‘shot’ menu. Relay will operate for above fault.
(v) Test for all faults by selecting type of faults i.e. RN, YN, BN, RI’, YB, BR, RYB.
(vi) Record value of reach, relay indications and operating time.
(vii) Operating tune will display at actual —t column.
(viii) Compare above value and indications with calculated / set values and theoretical
impedance graph.
(i) Change maximum fault time to 0.5 sec.

3. Testing of Zone-3 reach
(ii) Repeat the procedure from (ii) to (vii) as above.
4. Testing of Carrier Acceleration
(i) Change maximum fault time to 0.5 sec. and extend “Carrier Receive” to relay.
(ii) Repeat the procedure from (ii) to (.viii) as above.
5. Testing of Reverse Reach
(ii) Repeat the procedure from (ii) to (vii) as above.
For fault detection forward Zone, relay will not trip and there will be only
indication of fault detection. However, there will be tripping for impedance zone
(reverse) for the set value.
6. Testing of Power Swing Blocking
(i) The power swing blocking feature is checked by bringing the impedance within the
zone reaches (Z1) of the relay for a period of set time and the operation of the relay
is checked.
(ii) For testing Power swing blocking (PSB) feature using Relay Test Kit, the blocking
time for Power swing is set to maximum temporarily.
(iii) The impedance can be carried either by keeping Voltage constant and varying the
current or keeping current constant and varying the Voltage.
Here in this case let’s keep the voltage constant at 10.0V and vary the current so as to
get the impedances of PSB Zone.
For setting Impedance Zone 1 (Z1)= say L , Current (1) should be
V/Z1=10/L=say I1 A

Similarly for Zone 2 impedance Z2 = say M , Current (1) should be
V/Z2=10/M=say I2 A
Zone 3 impedance Z3 = say N , Current (1) should be V/Z3=10/N=say I3 A
PSB feature of the relay can be checked by RELAY TEST KIT kit through its pre
loaded power swing test file, First go to selection menu- select ‘Transient’ , select ‘Load
RELAY TEST KIT’ - open powerswg.ttf file. press ‘start’, : . . Power swing indication
will appear on relay.
Alternate Procedure:
Power swing is detected when the impedance travels from outer boundary of
power swing impedance (Z-out) value to inner boundary of power swing impedance (Z-in) value at
a slower rate.
1. Unblock the PSB feature in test mode that was blocked during reach testing.
2. Open Software test tool in Relay Test Kit software.
3. Keep voltage of any two phase say R & Y to 10.0 V and third phase say B-Phase to 63.0V.
4. Set current in all the three phases as 0.2 A. Please note that initial impedance should be
slightly above the outer boundary of PSB setting. For example :- If the outer boundary
impedance for PSD settings is 30 ohms, Taking voltage as 10 V, current comes out to be 0.3
Amp. So we will take initial value of current as 0.2 Amps.
5. Keeping the voltage as constant, gradually vary the current in two phases (R & Y) till PSB
start signal value becomes high in the relay. Also in the disturbance report PSB-Start signal
will be indicated if programmed.
6. Testing of Switch On to Fault (SOTF) Feature:
The SOTF feature is checked by setting the pre-fault time in software to ‘O’ i.e.
before feeding the fault to the relay no healthy voltages is sensed by the relay.
a. In ‘Distance’ submenu select ‘Manual’ and press ‘Enter’
b. In ‘Manual’ submenu select ‘settings’ press ‘Enter.
c.
In ‘settings’ submenu select ‘Times’ and set the ‘Pre-fault’ time to 0.0
sec. and max. fault’ time as 1.0 sec.

d. Pressing ‘Esc’ come back to ‘Manual’ submenu.
e. In ‘Manual’ submenu select ‘Impedance’ press ‘Enter’.
f. On the characteristics graph displayed on the screen, set the cursor point
outside the zone-1 reach (inside Zone2 characteristics) using mouse.
g. Select ‘Shot’ in ‘Impedance’ sub menu and press ‘Enter’. The relay
should operate on SOTF, this can be confirmed from the display of the
relay and its operating time should be instantaneous (i.e.15 – 25ms)
instead of zone-2 time.
Testing of Fuse Fail Feature:
1.See the setting for voltage & current setting for fuse fail. Let us take both setting of 3Uo & 3Io
of set value.
2. Open the Software test tool in Relay Test Kit software. Set R &Y voltage as 63.5 V and B as
0.0V. Set all the three phase current as 0.2 A.
3.Apply value to the relay. The relay should sense it as: Fuse fail” This can be confirmed from
HMI.
Testing can also be performed automatically in State Sequencer mode. The steps of state
sequencer are :
(i) Step 1-Healthy system 1
(ii) Step 2-Fuse fail condition, whereas one voltage is stepped to zero volt for long
enough time for fuse fail function of relay to pick up.
(iii)Step 3- Simulate an earth fault on same phase to verify that fuse fail function
BLOCK the trip signal.
(iv) Step 4- Healthy system 2 that is exactly the same as step 1, use to reset fuse fail
state.
(v) Step 5- Simulate an earth fault condition same as step 3 on same phase. This time
relay should trip as no fuse fail condition exist.

1. Testing of Fault Locator Function:
(i) Set the kit for testing as done for zone-I reach.
(ii) Set Calculated values of reactance for 25%, 5O% and 75% as calculated from total line
reactance.
(iii)Set the calculated reach of 25% by entering the value of Resistance (R=O) & required
value of Reactance at R and X menu.
(iv) Set type of fault to AN fault (for R phase)
(v) Operate the kit by entering the ‘shot’ menu.
(vi) Record the value of fault locator displayed at LCD display panel of the relay.
(vii) Test for all type of faults i..e. AN, BN, CN, AB, BC, CA, ABC.
(viii) Repeat the procedure for 50%, 75% and 100% calculated value of reactance.
Note : The ‘max fault time’ setting for 100% should be 500 msec at the ‘times” menu.
Procedure for Restoration
(i) Switch off RELAY TEST KIT test kit.
(ii) After testing, remove current and voltage test leads from MPG Plugs. Also remove time
measurement test lead
(iii)Confirm CVT voltages are available at 8,9,10, 1 on bottom side of MPG plug.
(iv) Confirm DC +ve or -ve is not available on top side of MPG Plugs A & B.
(v) Remove MPG Plug B and confirm voltage is available at relay terminals.
(vi) Remove MPG plug A. measure current in the CT circuit.
(vii) Insert cover of MPG Block-A & B.
Test Report for Distance relay type D-60
Date of Testing :
Relay Details :
Make : GE
Sr.No. :
Nom. Current : 1 Amp
Nom. Voltage : 110 Volts
Calculated
Fault type
90° (R=0) 90° (R=0) 0° (X=0) 0° (X=0)
Trip time
Calculated
Fault type
90° (R=0) 90° (R=0) 0° (X=0) 0° (X=0)
Trip time
Supplementary Function Checks :
Description Settings Pick up in Volts Drop off in
Volts
2. Back up Over current (STUB) Protection:
Ph O/C Char I>/ In (Def time) Trip time in Sec.
Settings
75% : X= 100% : X=
RN
YN
BN
RY
YB
BR
4. Switch on to fault :
5. Following checks to be carried out (During shut down)
(i) The associated binary inputs, signal relays and tripping relay logic tested and result
found…………………….
(iii)Proper tripping of breaker checked & found ………………………
(iv) Triggering of DR checked & found ……………………………..
(v) Triggering of EL checked & found…………………………………………
(vi) PLCC carrier send for Zone-I checked & found………………………………
(vii) Carrier accelerated tripping for Zone-2 fault checked & found …………
Description of connections disturbed & restored:
i. CT circuit
ii. CVT circuit
v. Dr triggering
vi. EL triggering
with VR, VY, VB = 0
Trip time in m Sec
Calculated Values
Actual values
6. Testing Instruments used:-
Sl.No. Description Make &Sl.No.
2 Multimeter
Signature
Name
Designation
Date
Prepared by ERTS-I, POWERGRID DAD-N
TESTING PROCEDURE FOR
Circuit: Bus Bar Protection Relay: Bus Bar Differential
Zone: Date of Test - Last:
Current:
Impedence Differential Relay.
(i) Read the precaution to be taken listed in sheet 3 of this report carefully.
(ii) When in doubt, refer to commissioning instruction of high impedence differential
relay.
(iii)Do not tamper with the relay if you are not confident of the tests.
2.Details of the relay under test:
Type :
3. Terminal Details:
DC+ve : PSU-13
(iii)Digital multimeter
5. Procedure For Testing The Relay:
(i) When testing the relay the Differential Currents can be displayed on the LCD by changing to
INSTRUMENTS mode and scrolling down to [Diff1 Currents].
(ii) Check that the setting resistor is the correct ohmic value, also that the correct
differential settings are selected.
(iv) Upload the adopted settings in the relay.
(v) Record the results in Test Results and verify the accuracy complies with performance stated
in the Performance Specification.
(vi) Verify the correct operation of all the selected output relays and the LED indication for
corresponding protection function.
(vii) Y B
6. Precautions to taken while testing the relay:
(i) Isolate the auxiliary D.C. supplies for alarm and tripping from the relay and remove the trip
and intertrip links.
(ii) All precautions must be taken for not opening the CT circuits.
(iii)Ensure that the multimeter is in desired voltage range before checking the voltages at
the relay terminals.
(iv) Ensure that the actual auxilliary supply is same as the relay rating and is of correct
polarity.
7. Test Results:
Current
*For individual phases R, Y and B
A3) CT Supervision
Setting
Description
B.) TRIPPING AND INTERTRIPPING TESTS
(i) Re-connect the auxiliary D.C. supplies for trip and alarm operations and insert the Trip and
InterTrip links.
(ii) Simulate the operation of each external contact that initiates a status input and in each case
check that appropriate LED illuminates and that the correct tripping, intertripping and alarm
initiation occurs.
(iii)Disconnect the D.C. power supply to the relay and check for correct PROTECTION
INOPERATIVE alarm.
(iv) Operate all protection and alarm elements in turn by secondary injection and check that the
correct tripping and indication occurs.
C.) Putting into Service:
The following points need to be ensured before putting the relay the relay into service:
(i) The trip supply is connected.
(ii) All the RED LEDs are off.
(iii)The Green LED is ON steady.
(iv) Operate the TEST/RESET button and check that all the LEDs are illuminated while
the push is depressed.
(v) All Earth Links, Trip Links and inter-trip links are in their normal operational
positions.
(vi) Operate the Cancel PUSH BUTTON.
(vii) Check that the LCD displays the screen below, or the relay identifier set in the
SYSTEM CONFIG MENU
D.) In Service Check:
D1) Spill Current Measurement
1. 17&18 R
2. 21&22 Y
3. 25&26 B
(Ix)*
BUS BAR PROTECTION
DAD-N MENU STRUCTURE
Prepared by NRTS-II, POWERGRID DUOBIAS
TESTING PROCEDURE FOR TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
RELAY
Description: DUOBIAS is a numerical differential relay having fast operating time less than one
cycle. Relay consist of in built Disturbance Recorder and other transformer protections viz. Earth
Fault, REF, Thermal overload etc which can be configured as per site requirement. Relay has biased
differential characteristics.
1. PREREQUISITE :
Before the start of relay testing following must be ensure to available with testing Engineer :
(i) Relay testing kit with laptop
(ii) Testing leads/ leads
(vii) Relay manual
(ix) Scientific calculator
(i) DC input voltage: 220 V
(ii) CT terminals: As per drawings.
(iii)If relay is not equipped with ABB RTXH18 test switch, tripping should be isolated before
shorting CTs. Because shorting CTs on one side will cause operation of differential
function. After isolating tripping, short the CT terminals on HV and LV side on Terminal
blocks by using 4mm banana leads. Ensure that no current is flowing through relay (either
through HMI or through clamp-on-meter).
(iv) In case of ABB test switch, insert test handle in to relay test plug, this will first isolate
tripping and then short circuit CTs automatically.

(v) For differential function we will use 6 current outputs (only for CMC256 and above)
configure Relay test kit to use 6 current outputs.
(vi) Connect one trip output contact of relay to Binary input-1 of OMICRON. OMICRON
support both potential free & with potential contact for feedback contact therefore any
suitable contact can be taken with proper setting in kit hardware configuration.
(vii) Connect laptop to Omicron kit & extend single phase supply to the set up.
PRECUATION: During connection of Current and voltage input ensure proper isolation form switch
yard (CT & CVT supply) along with other necessary precaution if relay to be tested on line. Further
tripping isolation to be doubly ensured before the start of test.
3. PREPARING THE RELAY CHARACTERISTICS:
(i) This is the most important step in the relay testing procedure. DUOBIAS uses a two slope
biased differential characteristics. In this procedure relay setting for 400/220/33kV
315MVA transformer (Vector group Yna0d11) has been used, for which settings were as
following (No CT used at 33kV side) :
W1 Input 1A (1A secondary currents used)
W1 CT ratio 500 (Hv side CT ratio =500/1)
W2 Input 1A (1A secondary currents used)
W2 CT ratio 1000 (IV side CT ration =1000/1)
W1 Interposing Ct multiplier 1.09 (W1 Ct ratio / HV side Full load current)
W1 Interposing CT connection Yd1 (For Zero sequence current filtering)
W2 Interposing Ct multiplier 1.20 (W2 CT ratio / HV side Full load current)
W2 Interposing CT connection Yd1 (For Zero sequence current filtering)
87 Inrush Setting 0.2xId (2 nd
Harmonics restraint)
87 Bias Slope 0.2x (Bias slope upto Bias slope limit)

The characteristic can been drawn using XRIO feature automatically or manually.
Preparation of characteristics with the help of “XRIO” file:- The term XRIO stands for
extended Relay Interface by OMICRON . The main advantage of XRIO is that user has to feed
basic relay setting parameters in XRIO for development of relay characteristics. This way, an
XRIO converter significantly simplifies the setup of a test object. The XRIO converter for all
relays is available in OMICRON test library or can be downloaded from omicron web site. The
procedure of preparation of relay characteristics as follows:-
(i) Open Test universe –Omicron software. Select Differential module.
(ii) Open the “Test Object” in “Parameter menu”.
(iii)Now go to File and then Import.
(iv) Select the XRIO file of DUOBIAS relay from Omicron test library >test object_XRIO
folder.
(v) Feed the necessary information related relay setting. The menus are same as relay setting.
(vi) Click OK, Relay characteristics is now generated and ready for testing.
(vii) Before the start of testing configure the hardware (Analog output, Binary input, Binary
output etc) in “Parameter->Hardware configuration” menu
Presently the XRIO converter for DUOBIAS relay has settings for only one biased slope which
is straight portion of characteristics, so it would not give correct results in the region “Bias
slope limit” to “High set”. It should work for most the points which are not too close the
operating line in that region. If accurate testing is to be done then preparing characteristic
manually is recommended.
Preparation of characteristics manually :
For preparing characteristic manually we need to know co-ordinates of points through which
the line should pass.
Initial setting is 0.2 in our case, relay will operate for |I1+I2| > Is, i.e.
Point-1 (0,0.2)
Slope is 0.2 so for Idiff = 0.2, Ibias should be 1A. relay will operate for |I1+I2| > bias slope x
(|I1|+|I2|)/2
Point-2 (1,0.2)
Bias slope limit is 4 in our case, for which Idiff should be 0.8 I.e.
Point-3 (4,0.8)
For bias current between bias slope limit and high set, relay will operate if
|I1+I2| >√ (X2 -K2 )/2 (for X > B)
where X= (|I1| +|I2|)/2
K 2 = B
M=bias slope
As curves can not plotted directly in differential module, we will calculate points for different
Ibias values in steps on 1xIn. From above formulas taking value of M=0.2, B=4
Point-4 (5,2.3)
Point-5 (6,3.3)
Point-6 (7,4.1)
Point-7 (8,5.0)
Point-8 (9,5.8)
Point-9 (10,6.5)
Point-10 (11,7.3)
Point-11 (12, 8.0)
Now 8.0 is our High set so Characteristic will go straight horizontal line after that, we will give
some point with higher value of Ibias for last point
Point-12 (20,8.0)
Now we have 12 points to plot our characteristics. Open Advance Differential >>Diff
configuration module open Parameters>> test object>> differential>> edit

In Protection object tab select 2 winding transformer and set values as follows:
winding Primary Secondary
voltage 400kV 220kV
power 315MVA 315MVA
In CT tab:
Select (|Ip|+|Is|)/K1 and Factor K1 =2
Test Max : 1.500S
Delay time: 0.250S
Keep all other values unchanged.
In characteristics definition Enter the value of Point-1 in “start point” and Point-2 in “End
point” field, click on update.

Now Enter the value of Point-2 in “start point” and Point-3 in “End point” field, click on Add.
Repeat the procedure for all 12 Points calculated earlier. Click on Ok to complete the characteristic.
In Harmonic tab check that 2 nd
Harmonics are set as 20% and 5 th Harmonics are set as 45% click OK
to complete the Test object file.
After Test object file is complete export it to XRIO/RIO file so that it can be used in all modules of
omicron. For that Go to Parameter >> Test object >> File >> Export in XRIO or RIO format.
Check Parameters >> Hardware configuration >> Test set details. Ensure that 6 current channels are
used and voltage channels are not used.
Operating characteristics for Single phase to ground fault and three phase faults for the relay is given

TESTING THE RELAY :
The DUOBIAS relay has integrated software interposing CTs which are connected in Yd1
configuration. The current seen by the relay elements are not same as the current relay input
terminals. The relation between Current feed to relay and current seen by relay’s measuring
element is as follows:

(a,b,c are interposing CT outputs and A,B,C are input to relay i.e. secondary currents)
So we will see that for fault in A phase both a and b phase elements will trip, as both have
component of A phase.
Following tests are to be performed for testing of the relay:
(i) Initial Start Setting
(ii) Differential slope test
(iii)Testing high set feature
(v) Testing 2nd Harmonics restraint
(vi) Testing 5th Harmonics restraint
Automatic testing using Advanced Differential module
All these tests can be done by Advanced Differential module easily.
First Module in Advance differential is Diff Configuration. The Diff Configuration module tests
wiring and configuration of the test object by simulating faults that are located outside the protected
zone. Import the already created XRIO/RIO file. In “Test Data” >> “Itest” field enter 1.00In and click
on Add. Let us give another fault for 4.00In and click add. Now click on Fault type L1-E and start the
test. Similarly check for other fault loops viz L2-E, L3-E, L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1, L1-L2-L3. Relay
should not operate and test should pass. It indicates wiring connections is OK, and relay is stable for
through faults. .
Second Module in Advance differential is Diff Operating characteristics. In this module the operating
characteristic is tested by simulating faults inside and outside of the protected zone. Import the already
created XRIO/RIO file. Add some points above operating line and some points below operating line in
different slopes of operating characteristics for all fault loops viz L1-E, L2-E, L3-E, L1-L2, L2-L3,
L3-L1, L1-L2-L3. The first portion which is horizontal line is for Initial start settings. Second inclined
portion is for differential slope. Third parabolic portion is for Higher differential slope for CT

Third Module in Advance differential is Diff Trip time characteristics. The trip time characteristic test
involves simulating faults inside and outside the protected zone. Import the already created XRIO/RIO
file. Add some points at different Diff currents and start the test for actual operating times.
Fourth Module in Advance differential is Diff Harmonic restraint characteristics. The Diff Harmonic
Restraint test module is used for checking the correct relay behavior of the harmonic restraint of the
differential protection. Import the already created XRIO/RIO file. Select test phase L1-L2-L3 and
Harmonics 2 nd
. Add some points above operating line and some points below operating line in
different portions of operating characteristics. Similarly add some points for 5 th Harmonics. Run the
test.
Manual testing using Quick CMC module :
First step is to configure omicron hardware to use six output channels, three from group A and Three
from Group -B. Use one binary input terminal for relay operation.
(i) Warning : When the current feeded to relay is higher than 1A, to avoid damage to relay due to
continuous higher currents we should use auto step feature of QuickCMC. The trip contact should
be used to stop the injection of currents. Keep the step size higher say 500mA and time to 100mS.
It is to ensure that current is not fed to relay more than 2-3 Sec.
(ii) Initial Start test: Feed balanced three phase current only from one side of relay starting with zero
amplitude (either HV or LV side). Increase value of all three phase current in small steps say
10mA until relay operates. Note down the value of current. It should be as per Initial setting as per
relay setting, in this case the set value is 0.2. Repeat the above test with frequency of currents set
to 100Hz in all three phases. As the relay is not going to operate, current feeded will go upto 8A so
follow the warning at step-1. The relay should not operate until the differential current reaches
High Set value. After which it will operate with HS indication
(iii)Differential slope test: Feed balanced three phase current from one side of relay starting with
amplitude higher than Initial setting say 0.22A (on HV side) and corresponding current from LV

Repeat this process at different HV side currents like at 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A...etc (at higher
currents follow the warning at step-1) note down the value of LV currents at which relay
operates. The Idiff and Ibias can be read from HMI on relay front panel or through relay
software on PC. Compare the results with value of Idiff and Ibias or with calculated values as
per formula given in Para “Preparation of characteristics manually”. Repeat the above test with
frequency of currents set to 100Hz in all three phases. As the relay is not going to operate, to
avoid damage to relay follow the warning in step-1. The relay should not operate until the
differential current reaches High Set value. After which it will operate with HS indication.
(iv) Testing high set feature: It has been already been checked in above two steps. However for
checking accurate value of High set, feed balanced three phase current only from one side of
relay starting with amplitude slightly lower than High set value say 7A (Normally it is kept
8A). Increase value of all three phase current steps of 100mA / 100mS until relay operates.
After which it will operate with HS indication. Follow the warning in step-1 while injecting
higher currents.
(v) Stability in case of through fault: Feed balanced three phase currents from both side of relay
starting with currents calculated according to transformation ratio. For 400/220kV ICT we can
feed 0.40A from 220kV side and 0.22A from 400kV side. Both the currents should be opposite
in phase and balanced. Now increase the current of any one phase on both sides by same ratio.
Say R phase on 400kV side 2.2A and on 220kV side 4A. Relay should not operate in this
condition. Follow the warning in step-1 while injecting higher currents.
a. In actual practice for the same fault current as described in above para, due to presence of
Zero sequence currents, the primary and secondary currents will not match. For L1-E fault
on 220kV side values may be as follows:
b. Primary IL1=2.93A @ 0deg Secondary IL1=4A @ 180deg
c. Primary IL2=1.47A @ 180deg Secondary IL2=0A @ 0deg
d. Primary IL3=1.47A @ 180deg Secondary IL3=0A @ 0deg

(vi) So on feeding above values, relay should not operate. Same condition can be applied for all
phases for single phase to ground fault. The calculation for this condition is as below:
Primary side:
ICT output a = ICT multiplier x (A-C) / √3 =1.09x(2.93+1.47)/1.732 = 2.77@0deg
ICT output b = ICT multiplier x (B-A) / √3 =1.09x(-1.47-2.93)/1.732 = 2.77@180deg
ICT output c = ICT multiplier x (C-B) / √3 =1.09x(-1.47+1.47)/1.732 = 0.00@0deg
Secondary side:
ICT output a = ICT multiplier x (A-C) / √3 =1.20x(-4.00-0.00)/1.732 = 2.77@180deg
ICT output b = ICT multiplier x (B-A) / √3 =1.20x(0.00+4.00)/1.732 = 2.77@0deg
ICT output c = ICT multiplier x (C-B) / √3 =1.20x(0.00-0.00)/1.732 = 0.00@0deg
Relay operates when |I1+I2| > bias slope x (|I1|+|I2|)/2
R-phase
RHS = bias slope x (|I1|+|I2|)/2 =0.2x(2.77+2.77)/2 = 0.554
Y-phase
RHS = bias slope x (|I1|+|I2|)/2 =0.2x(2.77+2.77)/2 = 0.554
B-phase
LHS = |I1+I2| = 0@0deg + 0@180deg =0
RHS = bias slope x (|I1|+|I2|)/2 =0.2x(0+0)/2 = 0.0 (in this case |I1+I2| > Is condition will apply,
i.e. relay would operate when |I1+I2| > 0.2)
Now it can been seen that in all phases relay will not operate, so relay should not operate.
(i) Testing 2nd Harmonics restraint: We will use Harmonics module of Omicron for testing
this feature. Check hardware configuration, disable voltage outputs. Now keep all three
phase currents higher than initial setting, say 0.5A all phases same with balanced angles.
Keep presignal time = 0.0S, Signal =1.0Sec, Post Signal=0.0S. Now select 2 nd
order
harmonics and set percentage to 15% and phase to 120deg in all three phases.(which is
lower than set value) start the test, relay should operate now. Increase the harmonics
component in steps of 1% relay should not operate harmonics higher than 20% (as per
relay settings).
(ii) Testing 5th Harmonics restraint: Set value of 5th harmonics is not available in relay
settings. However as per relay manual protection against wrong operation in case of 5 th
harmonics has been provided. Normally the setting of 5 th harmonics is 45%. We will check
the effect of 5th harmonics on relay performance. We will use Harmonics module of
Omicron for testing this feature. Check hardware configuration, disable voltage outputs.
Now keep all three phase currents higher than initial setting, say 0.5A all phases same with
balanced angles. Keep presignal time = 0.0S, Signal =1.0Sec, Post Signal=0.0S. Now
select 5th order harmonics and set percentage to 15% and phase to 120deg in all three
phases.(which is lower than set value) start the test, relay should operate now. Increase the

Prepared by SRTS-II, POWERGRID MICOM P633/632
Testing Procedure For Transformer differential relay MICOM
P633/632
1 X20-25
2 X03-1 &2
Neutral current (HV)
Neutral current (IV)
Neutral current (LV)
Precaution: During Connection of Current and Voltage Input, Ensure proper isolation from switch yard (CT&PT
Supply) along with their necessary precautions, if the relay testing is to be done on line, ensure further isolation of
tripping.
2. :
220
1)
3. Testing of OPTO Inputs:
The opto-isolated inputs should be energized one at a time, as per the external wiring diagram. Ensure correct polarity, with the positive battery voltage applied to the lowest
numbered terminal, and negative to the highest number for the input concerned (e.g. Opto input
U2001 for the ring terminal relay should be energized at terminals X2018 (+ve) and
X2019 (-ve)).
The status of each opto-isolated input can be viewed in the menu operation/cyclic measurements/physical state signals/INP
Opto terminal NoS.No OPTO No
Negative Positive Extend 220V DC to OPTO terminal
Status (Low/High)
1 U2001 X20-19 X20-18
2 U2002 X20-21 X20-20 3 U2003 X20-24 X20-22 4 U2004 X20-24 X20-23 5 U1001 X10-19 X10-18 6 U1002 X10-21 X10-20 7 U1003 X10-24 X10-22 8 U1004 X10-24 X10-23
9 U1005 X10-27 X10-25 10 U1006 X10-27 X10-26 11 U1601 X16-19 X16-18 12 U1602 X16-21 X16-20 13 U1603 X16-24 X16-22 14 U1604 X16-24 X16-23
15 U1605 X16-27 X16-25 16 U1606 X16-27 X16-26

1. :
3 1002 10: 65 10: 67
4 1003 10: 89
5 1004 10: 1011
6 1005 10: 1012
7 1006 10: 1013
8 1007 10: 1014
9 1008 16: 1615 16: 1617
10 1601 16: 12
11 1601 16: 34
12 1602 16: 65 16: 67
13 1603 16: 89
14 1604 16: 1011
15 1605 16: 1012
16 1606 16: 1013
17 1607 16: 1014
18 1608 20: 1615 20: 1617
19 2001 20: 12
20 2001 20: 34
21 2002 20: 65 20: 67
22 2003 20: 89
23 2004 20: 1011
24 2005 20: 1012
25 2006 20: 1013
26 2007 20: 1014

27 2008 20: 1615 20: 1617
5 :
633/632 .

Pick up test (Differential)
Inject current using Any test (Tesient)/Quick CMC (Omicron) on individual phases and record the pick up current of the differential elements.
pick up value (A)
Inject current with harmonics of magnitude higher than set value.
pick up value (A)
1.
6. , .
7. The same can be repeated for other phases.
For calculating balance coefficients use following formulas
Kma = Inom,a /Iref,a
Kmb= Inom,b /Iref,b
Harmonic restraint test (Tesient test kit).
1. Enter harmonic order, set value and test points and current magnitude in
Transformer test --- > Harmonic restraint (transformer)
2. Repeat for other phases and different harmonics (say 2nd and 5th harmonic) as per
the relay settings.
Characteristic check (Omicron test kit)
1. Check the functioning of differential protection on both sides of the bias line.
2. The tripping characteristics is plotted in the character definition using relay characteristic
equation and settings
3. Parameters --- > Test objects - - > Character definition.
4. In Parameters --- > Test objects - - > Protection Objects , for Tapping settings Use
following formulas
Kma = Inom,a /Iref,a
Kmb= Inom,b /Iref,b
Harmonic restraint test (Omicron test kit)
1. Check the functioning of differential protection on both sides of the
bias line.

Tab, Parameters --- > Test object --- > Harmonic
6. 2nd Harmonic restraint checking (Alternate method)
This feature can be checked either by using harmonic testing of differential module or any test
(Tesient) /Quick CMC (Omicron).
Inject R phase fundamental current to relay R ph analog channel from one current channel of
the test kit and R ph 2nd harmonic (100Hz) current from other current channel of the test kit.
Ensure that differential current shall be granter than min differential current, relay is operating
if the harmonic current is less than the set value and blocking, if the harmonic current is more
than set value.
7. 5th Harmonic restraint checking (Alternate method)
This feature can be checked either harmonic testing of differential module or from any test
(Tesient) /Quick CMC (Omicron).
Inject R phase fundamental current to relay R ph analog channel from one current channel of
the test kit and R ph 5th harmonic (250Hz) current from other current channel of the test kit.
Ensure that for differential current granter than min differential current, relay is operating if
the harmonic current is less than the set restrain value and blocking, if the harmonic current is
more than set restrain value.
Same can be repeated for other phases.
8. Checking of cross blocking
Inject harmonic current in one phase and operating fundamental current of magnitude greater
than Idmin in other phase and ensure relay is blocking for the harmonic current greater than set

Prepared by SRTS-II, POWERGRID MICOM P141
TESTING PROCEDURE FOR DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT AND EARTH FAULT PROTECTION OF 315 MVA 400/230 KV ICT FOR O MICOM P141 RELAY USING OMICRON
RELAY TEST KIT
Supply to be provided through 4A Fuse
2 C1 C2 C3
R Phase Current 5A R Phase Common R Phase Current 1A
IRC3
3 C4 C5 C6
Y Phase Current 5A Y Phase Common Y Phase Current 1A
IYC3
4 C7 C8 C9
B Phase Current 5A B Phase Common B Phase Current 1A
IBC3
5 C10 C11 C12
N Neutral Current 5A N Neutral Common N Neutral Current 1A
Loop C2,C5,C8,C12 INC12
6 C13 C14 C15
N Sensitive Neutral Current 5A N Sensitive Neutral Common N Sensitive Neutral Current 1A
Unused
7 C19 C20 C21 C22
R Phase Voltage 110 V Y Phase Voltage 110 V B Phase Voltage 110 V N Phase Voltage 110 V
VRC19 VYC20 VBC21 VNC22
Precaution: In Case Relay is tested online ensure CT, CVT are Isolated from the relay input and check the metering in the relay for zero values. Further the Trip contacts are also to be Isolated from Relay.
2. DC POWER CHECK UP

b) Apply 220 V DC and observe the following: i) All LEDs Flashing ii) On LCD See message 'SRAM OK' iii) Now Check Watch Dog Contact:
F11-F12 Open F13-F14 Close
iv) Check Field voltage(48V) with multimeter: F7(+ve)-F9(-ve)48V F8(+ve)-F10(-ve)48V
3. OPTO Check
For checking the healthiness of the 08 Nos optos it is required to extend the 48 Volts to the terminals of each opto.
Go to "COMMISSIONING TEST" menu in the relay, and in this menu go to "OPTO I/P Status". When applying 48 Volts to the OPTO BI, the corresponding binary digit switches from "0" "1".
REMARKS: While applying the field voltage to the OPTO Inputs ensure that it is isolated from 220V DC source.
OPTO NO
OPTO Terminal
Terminal
4. CONTACT TEST
WARNING: During this test the contact is forced to make without operating any protection function.
For checking the healthiness of the 07 No contacts, it is required to go to the "COMMISSIONING TEST" MENU of the relay and select SUBMENU "CONTACT TEST" and force the contacts to operate.
Contact No Contact Terminal No
Connect Multimeter and check the
continuity (NO / NC)
5. TESTS USING OMICRON RELAY TEST KIT
1. Ensure Proper Earthing of OMICRON TEST KIT. 2. Connect PC COM Port to MiCOM P442 Relay Front Port using MiCOM Front Port Relay
communication cable. 3. Make all the necessary connections as BI , Feedback from the relay & Stable Power supply to
the Omicron Test kit .

5.1 METERING CHECKS:
PT RATIO: 400KV/110V (OR) 220KV/110V AS APPLICABLE CT RATIO: 1000/1 A (OR) 800/1A AS APPLICABLE
Inject rated Secondary Current and Voltage using OMICRON Kit and check for the rated Primary Current and Voltage from the relay metering for all phases.
5.2 PHASE OVER CURRENT TEST:
1) Open OMICRON Test Universe Software, Click on Quick CMC Menu, then OMICRON Quick CMC [Test View :Quick CMC 1] window will pop up
2) Select Analog Outputs for Set Mode currents IL1 , IL2, IL3 as 2 times the set current i.e of I >1 setting values and Set Mode Voltages VL1E , VL2E, VL3E as Zero.
3) In Step/Ramp Window select IL1 , IL2, IL3 in Output , Magnitude in Quantity
4) Inject the current by Test run icon F5.
Record the Operated Time for the given injected current in the tabular format. Repeat the Test for 5 Times and 10 Times of the Set current in the similar manner.
I >1 setting : _____ A TMS : _____ [SI curve]
Phase X Times set Current Injected Current(A) Operated Time in
seconds Remarks
R 2
Value Remarks
5.3 PHASE OVER CURRENT HIGH SET TEST :
1) Select Analog Outputs for Set Mode currents IL1 , IL2, IL3 as the set current i.e of I >2 setting values and Set Mode Voltages VL1E , VL2E, VL3E as Zero.
2) In Step/Ramp Window select IL1 , IL2, IL3 in Output , Magnitude in Quantity , Size 0.01 A and Time 1.000 S
4) Check in [ √ ] Auto and Increment (Upward Arrow).
Record the Pickup Current and Operated Time [ Time Delay ms ] for the given injected current in the tabular format .
I >2 setting : _____ A Time Delay : 0 Sec [Instantaneous]
5.4 EARTH FAULT TEST :
1) Open OMICRON Test Universe Software, Click on Quick CMC Menu, then OMICRON Quick CMC [Test View :Quick CMC 1] window will pop up
2) Select Analog Outputs for Set Mode currents IL1 , IL2, IL3 (imbalance currents)so that 2 times the set current flows through Neutral
i.e of IN >1 setting values and Set Mode Voltages VL1E , VL2E, VL3E as Zero.
3) In Step/Ramp Window select IL1 , IL2, IL3 in Output , Magnitude in Quantity
Record the Operated Time for the given injected current
Repeat the Test for 5 Times and 10 Times of the Set current in the similar manner.
IN >1 setting : _____ A TMS : _____ [SI curve]
Phase Pick up
Phase X Times set Current Injected Current(A)
Operated Time in seconds
5.5 EARTH FAULT HIGH SET TEST :
1) Select Analog Outputs for Set Mode currents IL1 , IL2, IL3 (imbalance currents) so that the set current flows through Neutral
i.e of IN >3 setting values and Set Mode Voltages VL1E , VL2E, VL3E as Zero.
2) In Step/Ramp Window select IL1 , IL2, IL3 in Output , Magnitude in Quantity , Size 0.01 A and Time 1.000 S
4) Check in [ √ ] Auto and Increment (Upward Arrow).
Record the Operated Time [ Time Delay ms ] for the given injected current .
IN >1 setting : _____ A Time Delay : 0 Sec [Instantaneous]
Phase Pick up Current(A) Operated Delay in ms Remarks
E/F
Testing Procedure For Reactor Back Up Impedance Relay Micom P441 With Omicron Relay Test Kit
1.Connection Details
Wire this through 4 amps DC Fuses
2 C1 C2 C3
R Phase Current 5 Amp R Phase Common R Phase Current 1 Amp
C4 C5 C6
Y Phase Current 5 Amp Y Phase Common Y Phase Current 1 Amp
C7 C8 C9
B Phase Current 5 Amp B Phase Common B Phase Current 1 Amp
Loop C2,C5,C8 & Connect this to Current Out put Terminal to In C3- IR C6-IY C9-IB
C19 C20 C21 C22
R Phase Voltage Y Phase Voltage B Phase Voltage Neutral Voltage
C19-VR C20-VY C21-VB C22-VN
Precaution: During Connection of Current and Voltage Input, Ensure proper isolation from switch yard (CT&PT Supply) along with their necessary precautions, if the relay testing is to be done on line, ensure further tripping isolation.
1. DC Power Check Up:
a) Check watch dog Contact : F11- F12 - Close F13-F14 - Open
b) Apply 220V DC to the relay and observe the following 1. All LEDs with Flash 2. On LCD See Message “BUS OK, SRAM OK, FLASH OK, CODE VERIFYING
OK”
c) Check Watch Dog Contact F11- F12 - Open F13-F14 - Close

2. OPTO Check : For Checking the healthiness of the 8 Nos OPTO I/Ps, it is required to extend 220V DC Volts to the terminals of each OPTO.
Go to “System Data” Chapter on relay LCD, and in this chapter go to “OPTO I/P Status”, When 220V DC is applied to the OPTO L1 “0” will change to “1”, observe the change on relay LCD.
OPTO No Opto terminal No
Extend 220V DC to OPTO terminal
Status
-ve +ve 1 D1 D2 2 D3 D4 3 D5 D6 4 D7 D8 5 D9 D10 6 D11 D12 7 D13 D14
8 D15 D16
3. Testing the O/P Contacts:
This test checks that all the output relays are functioning correctly. The P441 relays have 14 output relays.
1. Ensure that the relay is in test mode by viewing the chapter COMMISSIONING TESTS,Test Mode].
2. To operate the output relay Go to COMMISSIONING TESTS, change the Contact Test to ‘Apply Test’.
3. Operation will be confirmed by the continuity tester, operating for a normally open contact and ceasing to operate for a normally closed contact.
4. After Completion of test, Reset the output relay by setting cell Contact Test to ‘Remove Test’ in Commissioning tests chapter

Contact No
N/C N/O
RL1 E1-E2
RL2 E3-E4
RL3 E5-E6
4. Reach Test:
1. Load ALSTOM Micom-Z Graph Software in PC 2. Connect PC COM Port to Micom P441 relay Front Port using Micom Front Port communication
lead. 3. Open Connection and extract relay settings 4. Save this file as *.RIO file in PC 5. Open OMICRON Software and open Advance Distance application 6. GO to Parameter – Test object- Import the RIO file saved in PC for P441 7. Now the relay characteristics will be plotted as per the settings given in the relay. 8. Connect the Voltage & Current Inputs from Omicron test kit to relay as per drawing 9. Go to Parameters- hard wire Configuration- In “Details” select three phase voltages & three
phase currents and return back to hardware configuration. 10. Select Binary/Analog Inputs. Select one No binary input at test module input signal and enter the
display name as “Trip” and click OK. 11. Select the device settings and confirm with actual settings. 12. GO to Parameter – Test object- Default test settings-select test model as a “Constant Test
current”, I Test at 2A and check the “Allow reduction of I Test”
Testing the Reach of the relay

7. Compare the relay operation timings& reach values with set values 8. Check the correct LED and Contact Operation as per relay PSL. 9. After Completion of the test save the report.
R/O -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
X/O
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
VT Fuse Fail testing:
In this test, the points to be checked are: 1. Whether VT fuse fail function is operating as per given settings or not? 2. Whether the relay tripping operation is blocked under the fuse fail condition or not?
This test can be conducted using State Sequencer Module in Omicron test kit Three different states are to be defined.
1. Define a state with Balanced nominal voltages at 63.51V with balanced angles. Balanced load current at 0.1A. This is a healthy system. The max time for O/P of this state is to kept at 5 sec
2. Define another state with VA-N reduced value as per fuse fail setting and remaining all having the same values. This is Fuse fail state. The max time for O/P of this state is to kept at 15 sec

Click on the Start/Continue Test icon or select "Test | Start".
Then as per given timing, VT Fuse fail Alarm should come on the front LEDs (if configured) and trip should be blocked. It indicates VT fuse fail function blocks the Trip Signal properly.
SOTF
1. To Check the SOTF feature of the relay, first Confirm, whether SOTF feature is enabled. 2. Go to Distance protection module which is used for reach testing, Go to Parameters and select

Prepared by NRTS-I, POWERGRID REB500
TESTING PROCEDURE FOR NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION SYSTEM TYPE REB 500
INTRODUCTION
The Numerical Bus bar Protection system REB 500 belong to the generation of fully numerical
protection device. It is the modified and much upgraded version of first generation numerical Bus Bar
protection system REB-103. The operation time of the relay is between 20 msec to 28msec.
REB500 is a standard application for bus bar protection. However provision for integrating the optional
protection functions and REB500sys (line protection or transformer protection) are also available. The
following protection features are activated in REB 500 at POWERGRID.
1. Bus Bar Protection (BBP)-Activated
2. Breaker Failure Protection (BFP)- Activated
3. End Fault Protection (EFP)- Deactivated
Bay Unit (500 BU03): Bay unit performs the function of measuring of the concerned bay current,
receiving the input signals which includes position of CB & Isolator, blocking signal, starting signal,
external resetting signal etc. through binary input & tripping of the concerned bay through binary
output contact .
It has following three Front LEDs
(i) Green: Glowing when relay is Ready
(ii) Yellow : Will glow in case of Alarm
(iii)Red: Will glow in case of Trip
Central Unit (500CU03): The central unit collects all the data from all bay units, process & execute
the protection algorithms and distributes the tripping signal via the output contacts of the bay units in
the event of an internal fault. Both Bay units & central unit communicated with each other via optical
fiber communication.
Tripping Logic : Three criteria need to be fulfilled for the system operation:

(ii) Amplitude Comparison – This is the second condition where the differential current /
Restraining current should be greater than the stability factor (k) set in the relay.
(iii) Phase Comparison – This is the third condition where the resultant phase angle of the
currents should be less than the phase angle(ø) set in the relay.
CHECKING OF BUS BAR PROTECTION FUNCTION
SECONDARY INJECTION TEST :
1. List of Equipment required for Test :
(i) Test Leads for connection between test Kit & CT Terminal blocks
(ii) Numeric Relay test Kit.
2. Precaution to be Taken before testing of Bus Bar Protection :
(i) Isolate the Bus to be tested by opening of all the Bus Isolators
(ii) Short the CTs of the concerned bay where testing to be carried out with the help of CT
shorting facility provided in the TB
(iii)Close the CB of the Bay related to testing as the bay is assigned to the bus bar only when the
circuit breaker is closed.
(iv) Disable the Breaker Failure Protection of the Bay Unit as the Operation of the Bus Bar
protection will initiate the Breaker Failure Protection .
3. PREPARATION BEFORE TESTING:
(i) Connect the 1-Phase Ac supply to relay test Kit
(ii) Connect the Testing lead in the Current terminal of the Testing Kit & Connect the earthing
of kit.
4. Checking of Differential Current Alarm :
Differential alarm arises due to open / short CT conditions. The setting for differential current alarm
is set in the menu of Bus bar protection setting and is a factor of IKMin. Depending on the load
conditions of the station differential current alarm is set to ensure that CT open / short circuit
conditions are detected in bay with low load. This feature is used to Block the Operation of the Bus
Bar Protection & the tripping.
Differential alarm may also arise due to following condition
a. Wrong CT ratio
c. Wrong isolator & CB return confirmation signals.
Operational Criteria: If the Differential Current exceeds the adopted setting for a set period of time
then the differential alarm appears
The system comes back to normal operation once the differential alarm condition disappears.
Note: The operating value of the differential alarm must be set lower than the lowest possible load
current.
For Example: If the Line CT Ratio is 1000/1 A
CTR for Bus Bar will be 2000/1 A
As per norms max operating differential current for Bus Bar Protection should be 110% of max line
current i.e 1100A
Hence the Min Diff. current required for Bus Bar Operation: 1100/2000= 550 mA
As per norms Min operating diff current required for generating alarm should be 5% of max line
current required for Bus Bar operation: 5% of 1100= 55 A
Hence Min secondary Current for the operation of Differential Alarm: 55/2000= 27.5 mA
Time delay for generating the alarm: 5 sec
5. Differential Alarm Check Procedure:
(i) Initially set the delay time as Zero for checking the pick of the alarm
(ii) Connect the testing lead from testing kit for checking the R phase of the relay.
(iii)Select any test feature of the relay test kit software and select following setting;-
Test mode =Manual
Manual setting = Related
Related to= I1
Step setting= 0.01
(iv) Start the test and check the current on the Relay screen through HMI display in measurement. It
will be as same as displayed on the relay test Kit.
(v) Increase the current step by step
(vi) Note down the reading of the current at which Alarm LED Glow and “Differential Current
Alarm “ generate
(vii) Now decrease the current and note down the reading at which the alarm LED became off and
the alarm disappear from screen.
TIMER CHECKING FOR DIFFERENTIAL ALARM:
(i) Now set the delay as 5.0 Sec and connect the relay alarm contact at the binary input of the
relay test kit to stop it automatically.
(ii) Adopt the following setting in the Any test as described on Sl.no-4.2
Test mode =Auto
Select variable= Amplitude
Step In Parameter
Start End Value= Little More than the vale at which alarm appear
Step= 0.01 A
Step time= More than set value i. e 5.0 Sec
(iii)Start the Current, Relay test kit will appear the current with a delay of the set time and if the
block is generated at a delay of 5.0 sec, the binary output contact assign for the alarm will
make and stop the kit.
(iv) Note down the time displayed in Test result.
(v) Repeat the same procedure by inserting the CT input for “ Y” phase and for ‘B’ phase
Differential Element Trip Check Procedure :
(i) Connect the testing lead from testing kit for checking the R phase of the relay.
(ii) Select any test feature of the M2win relay test kit software and select following setting;-
Test mode =Manual
Manual setting = Related
Related to= I1
Step setting= 0.01
I2= 0 A
I3= 0 A
(iii)Start the test and check the current on the Relay screen through HMI display in
measurement. It will be as same as displayed on the relay test Kit.
(iv) Increase the current step by step
(v) Note down the reading of the current at which Trip LED Glow and “Bus Bar Protection Trip
“ displayed on screen
(vi) Now decrease the current and note down the reading at which the Relay resets and Trip LED
turns off.
TIMER CHECKING FOR DIFFERENTIAL TRIP:
(i) Connect the relay trip contact at the binary input of the relay test kit to stop it automatically.
(ii) Adopt the following setting in the any test as described on Sl.no-4.2
Test mode =Auto
Select variable= Amplitude
Step In Parameter
Start End Value= Little More than the vale at which Trip appear
Step= 0.01 A
Step time= More than operating time of relay.
(iii)Start the Current in the Relay test kit. Trip is generated and the binary output contact
assigned for trip will make and will stop the kit.
(iv) Note down the time displayed in Test result.
(v) Repeat the same procedure by inserting the CT input for “ Y” phase and for ‘B’ phase
Note:&

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