power quality: causes and effects with biomass power plant

19th Annual PQSynergyTM

International Conference and Exhibition 2019

Danaisak TangsakhaChief of PQ Analysis, Customer ServiceDivision,Engineering & Service Department

PEA Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

Mr. Danaisak graduated B.Eng. In Electrical Engineering from King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok and also in Electrical Engineering with an M.Eng from King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand, in 2016.

Power Quality: Causes and Effects with Biomass Power Plant

Power Quality:Causes and Effects with Biomass Power Plant

Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 1

Danaisak TangsakhaPEA Thailand

[email protected]

2

Topics

• Introduction

• Power Quality standard

• Single line diagram

• Results

Power Quality Diagnostic

• Conclusion

• Q&A

Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand

What is “Biomass”?

Biomass is a renewable energy source

and can be anything from energy crops to

agricultural or forestry residues and

biogenic waste. Biomass can be used to

produce both heat and electricity. It plays

a key role in reducing CO2 emissions from

existing coal power plants by co-firing and

producing green heat.


What is “Biomass”?


5

Conducted phenomena (IEEE 1159/1995)


1. Transients 2. Short duration variations 3. Long duration variations 4. Voltage unbalance 5. Waveform distortions 6. Voltage fluctuations 7. Power frequency variations

6

Short Duration Variation


Voltage Sag < 1 min

Voltage Swell < 1 min

Interruption < 1 min

7

PQ Problem effect to customer


• Planned Outage

• Unplanned Outage/ Long Interruption

• Short Interruption

• Voltage Sag/Dip

• Under Voltage

• Unbalance Voltage

Voltage sag Undervoltage

Overvoltage

Normal operation Voltage

Swell

Tra

nsi

ent

Sustained interruptionTemporary

Eve

nt

mag

nit

ud

e

Event duration

0.5 cycle 1 min

110%

90%

10%

Difinitions of voltage magnetude events as used in IEEE std.1159-1995

Momentary

3 sec

No

tch

/Tra

nsi

ent

8

Why are Voltage sag important?


9

Grid code 2016


10

Power Quality standard


VoltageNormal Emergency

MAX MIN MAX MIN115 kV 120.7 109.2 126.5 103.5

33 kV 34.7 31.3 36.3 29.7

22 kV 23.1 20.9 24.2 19.8

380 V 418 342 418 342

220 V 240 200 240 200

11


Point of Common Coupling : PCC

(kV)

Total Harmonic

Distortion Voltage

THDv (%)

Individual Harmonic

Distortion Voltage(%)

Odd Even

0.4 5 4 2

11,12,22 and 24 4 3 1.75

33 3 2 1

69 2.45 1.63 0.82

115 and above 1.5 1 0.5

Harmonic : referring to PRC-PQG-01/1998


Pst ; Short-Term Severity Values (10 minutes)Plt : Long-Term Severity Values (2 hours)

Voltage fluctuation : referring to PRC-PQG-02/1998

12


Point of Common Coupling : PCC (kV) Pst Plt

Below 115 kV 1.0 0.8

More than 115 kV 0.8 0.6


13

Biomass Power Plant


G

14

Biomass Power Plant


G

Biomass Power Plant


16

Biomass Power Plant : Survey


Palm Waste

Synchronous GeneratorSynchronous Generator

Transformer 10 MW

17

Monitoring


ACP

BOP Substation

Power Quality monitoring


Results : Power Quality Diagnostic


Event #648 at 11/30/2018 18:29:52.686

AVrms, BVrms Instantaneous Sag

CATEGORY: Short Duration Instantaneous Sag

AV BV

T h re sho l d cro ssed (V) 11430 11430

M a g n i tu d e (V ) 9953 9586

M a xRM S (V) 11290 10474

Du ra t i o n (se c. ) 0.22 0.22

Event Details/Waveforms

18:29:52.6

11/30/2018

Friday

18:29:52.7 18:29:52.8 18:29:52.9 18:29:53.0

-20000

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Vol

ts

A V B V C V

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

12500

Vol

ts

A Vrms (v al) B Vrms (v al) C Vrms (v al)

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Am

ps

A Irms (v al) B Irms (v al) C Irms (v al)

B Vrms Val 9588V

11/30/2018 18:29:52.78

A Vrms Val 9967V

11/30/2018 18:29:52.79

B Vrms Val 10583V

12/08/2018 00:58:15.08

Case 1Past 1

BOP : Voltage DIP



Case 1Past 1

Event #1040 at 11/30/2018 18:30:25.682

AVrms, BVrms, CVrms Undervoltage

CATEGORY: Long Duration Undervoltage

A V B V CV

T h re sh o l d cro sse d (V) 11430 11430 11430

M a g n i tu d e (V) 231.4 219.9 245.2

M a xRM S (V) 13389 13650 13643

Du ra t i o n (se c. ) 113.2 113.2 113.2


18:30:25.0

11/30/2018

Friday

18:30:25.5 18:30:26.0 18:30:26.5 18:30:27.0 18:30:27.5

-20000

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

A V B V C V

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

A-B Vrms (v al) B-C Vrms (v al) C-A Vrms (v al)

0

100

200

300

400


B-C Vrms Val 23123V

12/13/2018 06:59:59.87

B-C Vrms Val 23218V

12/11/2018 20:49:45.05B-C Vrms Val 23209V

12/11/2018 06:50:24.10

ACP Trip



Case 2Past 1

Event #1944 at 12/03/2018 18:01:29.816

BVrms, CVrms Temporary Swell

CATEGORY: Short Duration Temporary Swell

BV CV

T hresh o l d crosse d (V ) 13462 13462

M a gn i tud e (V) 13613 13595

M i n RM S (V) 13263 13264

Dura t i on (se c.) 23.57 23.57


18:01:30.0

12/03/2018

Monday

18:01:30.5 18:01:31.0

-20000

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Vol

ts

A V B V C V

11500

12000

12500

13000

13500

Vol

ts


450

500

550

600

Am

ps


C Vrms Val 13603V

11/30/2018 18:29:55.22

C Vrms Val 13587V

12/03/2018 18:01:29.85

C Irms Val 614.6A

12/03/2018 18:01:29.89

BOP : NO Event



Case 2Past 1

Event #3034 at 12/03/2018 18:02:02.305

BV Mild Bipol Trans Neg 1/8 Cyc

CATEGORY: Transient

10% Ampl 6397

50% Ampl 5870

90% Ampl 5334

10% Offset (usec) 15971

50% Offset (usec) 16069

Rise time 10-90% (usec) 165.3

Worst Peak-to-Peak 2080

A B C D A-B B -C C-A

V rm s 13279 13421 13420 16.14 23003 23395 23092

V Peak 19288 19349 19466 45.93

I rm s 230.0 225.3 246.2 44.86

IPe ak 331.1 327.0 367.1 51.20


18:02:02.2

12/03/2018

Monday

18:02:02.3 18:02:02.4 18:02:02.5

-20000

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Vo

lts

A V B V C V

0

50

100

150

200

250

Am

ps


11500

12000

12500

13000

13500

Volt

s


C Vrms Val 13329V

12/13/2018 06:51:41.73C Vrms Val 13333V

12/03/2018 06:57:31.74

C Vrms Val 13422V

12/03/2018 18:02:02.25C Vrms Val 13618V

12/03/2018 18:02:02.36

C Irms Val 246.1A

12/03/2018 18:02:02.24B Irms Val 225.3A

12/03/2018 18:02:02.20

ACP : Islanding Mode



Case 1Past 2

Event #11881 at 02/04/2019 13:17:29.238

AVrms, BVrms Instantaneous Sag

CATEGORY: Short Duration Instantaneous Sag

AV BV

T h re sh o l d cro sse d (V) 11430 11430

M a g n i tu d e (V) 11272 11235

M a xRM S (V ) 11382 11513

Du ra t i o n (se c.) 0.07 0.07


13:17:29.1

02/04/2019

Monday

13:17:29.2 13:17:29.3 13:17:29.4

-20000

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Volts

A V B V C V

11500

12000

12500

13000

13500

Volt

s


0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

Am

ps


B Vrms Val 11236V

02/04/2019 13:17:29.28

C Vrms Val 13146V

02/04/2019 13:17:29.28

A Irms Val 1433A

02/04/2019 13:17:29.28

BOP : Voltage DIP



Case 1Past 2

Event #23711 at 02/04/2019 13:15:48.159

BVrms Instantaneous Swell

CATEGORY: Short Duration Instantaneous Swell

Threshold crossed 13462 V

Magnitude 13518 V

MinRMS 13404 V

Duration 0.57 Sec.


13:15:48.2

02/04/2019

Monday

13:15:48.3 13:15:48.4 13:15:48.5 13:15:48.6 13:15:48.7

-20000

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Volt

s

A V B V C V

11500

12000

12500

13000

13500

Volt

s


0

50

100

150

200

Am

ps


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

A

Formula3I0

B Vrms Val 13518V

02/04/2019 13:15:48.15

B Irms Val 7.7A

02/04/2019 13:15:48.15

Formula3I0 Val 703.5

02/04/2019 13:15:48.14





Case 1Past 2

Disturbance Records from Easergy MiCOM P431 | Schneider Electric



Case 1Past 2

Event from Easergy MiCOM P431 | Schneider Electric




Case 1Past 3

Event #9811 at 03/11/2019 07:49:24.408

BVrms, CVrms Instantaneous Swell

CATEGORY: Short Duration Instantaneous Swell

BV CV

T h re sh o l d cro sse d (V ) 13462 13462

M a g n i tud e (V ) 13497 13498

M i n RM S (V ) 13403 13391

Du ra t i on (se c. ) 0.569 0.569


07:49:24.4

03/11/2019

Monday

07:49:24.5 07:49:24.6 07:49:24.7 07:49:24.8 07:49:24.9

-20000

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Vo

lts

A V B V C V

11500

12000

12500

13000

13500

Volts


300

400

500

600

700

Am

ps


C Vrms Val 13498V

03/11/2019 07:49:24.40

C Irms Val 759.7A

03/11/2019 07:49:24.39

C Irms Val 345.6A

03/11/2019 07:49:24.44

BOP : Voltage DIP



Case 1Past 3

Event #16311 at 03/11/2019 07:48:45.320

AVrms Momentary Swell

CATEGORY: Short Duration Momentary Swell

Threshold crossed 13335 V

Magnitude 17300 V

MinRMS 13458 V

Duration 1.71 Sec.


07:48:45.5

03/11/2019

Monday

07:48:46.0 07:48:46.5 07:48:47.0

-20000

-10000

0

10000

20000

Vo

lts

A V B V C V D V

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

12500

15000

17500

Vo

lts

A Vrms (v al) B Vrms (v al) C Vrms (v al) D Vrms (v al)

0

100

200

300

400

Am

ps

A Irms (v al) B Irms (v al) C Irms (v al) D Irms (v al)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

A

Formula3I0

D Irms Val 468.5A

03/11/2019 07:48:45.31

Formula3I0 Val 672.0

03/11/2019 07:48:45.33

A Vrms Val 14586V

03/11/2019 07:48:45.35




Case 1Past 3




Case 1Past 3

BOP : Voltage DIP

31

Power Quality issues in ACP Biomass Power Plant

1.

Conclusion


32

Power Quality issues in ACP Biomass Power Plant

2. Patrol 5 kM reduce T/R in PEA

Conclusion



Q&A

power quality: causes and effects with biomass power plant

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