power quality: a closer look joe watson appa – engineering & operations technical conference...

Power Quality:Power Quality:A Closer Look A Closer Look

Joe WatsonJoe WatsonAPPA – Engineering & Operations Technical ConferenceAPPA – Engineering & Operations Technical Conference

April 18, 2005April 18, 2005

One of the nations largest 4 service utility providers.

Electricity Natural Gas

Water Wastewater

603,025 total customers for all combined services over 470 sq. miles.

Electric = 194,369 customers

1,978 employees for all 4 utilities.

Generate up to 77% of our own electricity (633 MW).

More than 2900 miles of distribution lines

(70% ug vs. 25% nation avg)

More than 220 miles of transmission lines

19 Transmission Substations, 40 Distribution Substations

…just a few facts

Springs Utilities’ Springs Utilities’

CustomersCustomers High Tech / R&D

Intel, Atmel, Honeywell, Kaman Science, LSI Logic, Lockheed Martin, Mitsui, Quantum, Ramtron, UTMC Aeroflex, Vitesse

Data/Call Centers

HP, MCI, Oracle, FedEx, Progressive Insurance, T Rowe Price, Qwest

Manufacturing Western Forge, Metso Minerals, Schlage Lock

Military Installations NORAD, Fort Carson Army Base, Peterson Air Force Base, Air

Force Academy

Springs Utilities’ Springs Utilities’ PQ HistoryPQ History

BMI – 8010 PQ Nodes (1993)

Portable Monitoring

Metrosonic PA7, Metrosonic MR4, Dranetz 658, Dranetz-BMI Power Platform

SquareD - Power Logic (1998)

Power Measurement – ION (1999) Enterprise Software

ION 7700

ION 8500

Where to MonitorWhere to Monitor

Power Measurement - ION

Monitors at every transmission substation (115kV or 230kV but not 34.5kV)

• 27 locations

Monitors at customer sites• Expand program to offer PQ monitoring service

• 3 locations

• Helps to troubleshoot Enhanced Service equipment such as Automatic Transfer and Static Transfer Switches

CommunicationCommunicationChallengesChallenges

How do we communicate with meters?

RS232 RS485 Phone / Modem Spread Spectrum radios Internet

What to do withWhat to do withthe system?the system?

Disturbance Paging

Disturbance Database

Fault Locating Waveform Analysis

System Protection / Relaying Preventative Maintenance

First Response


Disturbance Paging Page includes time stamp, device, magnitude and duration

of event Notify Enhanced Service Engineer on standby as well as

other CS Utilities’ personnel. Provide proactive response to most important customers. Indicated a system-wide or isolated event.


Disturbance Database First used an Excel database but soon switched to Access Data is qualified (ie. Was it really an event?) Compare event with “Outage Database” and “Event

Messanger” The following data is logged:

• Date/Time

• Magnitude/Duration

• Which phases were affected

• Load affected

• Event path

• Cause category and description

• Event location (grid x-y)

• Protective Device which operated

• Outage report number


Disturbance Database Hope to develop indices in order to help rank Capital and O&M projects

Outage indexes:Outage indexes:SAIFISAIFI - System Average Interruption Frequency Index - System Average Interruption Frequency Index

(…how many outages in a year, interruptions/year)(…how many outages in a year, interruptions/year)

SAIDISAIDI - System Average Interruption Duration Index - System Average Interruption Duration Index(…how many minutes in a year, minutes/year) (…how many minutes in a year, minutes/year)

CAIDICAIDI - Customer Average Interruption Duration Index - Customer Average Interruption Duration Index(…how long each outage, minutes/interruption) (…how long each outage, minutes/interruption)

RBM (Reliability Benchmarking Methodology) RBM (Reliability Benchmarking Methodology) index:index:

SARFISARFI%V%V - System Average RMS Frequency Index - System Average RMS Frequency Index ThresholdThreshold

(…how many sags/swells in a year, sags(or swells)/year at(…how many sags/swells in a year, sags(or swells)/year atthreshold level)threshold level)


Worst Disturbances [1996 CBEMA - ITIC]

0

100

200

300

400

500

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Duration (s)

Ma

gn

itu

de

(%

No

min

al)

Disturbance Database Ranking Substations

12RM6 2004 data 27 events Zero sags outside ITIC

Worst Disturbances [1996 CBEMA - ITIC]

0

100

200

300

400

500

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Duration (s)

Ma

gn

itu

de

(%

No

min

al)

34NP13 2004 data 56 events 4 sags outside ITIC


Disturbance Database Ranking by category (all events below 90% nominal)

Could also be ranked below 80%, 70%, etc.


Fault Locating Use fault levels and phases to help troubleshoot


Waveform Analysis Use fault levels and phases to help troubleshoot



Delta/Wye

Single phase fault will appear as a

phase to phase fault


System Protection and Relaying Use fault levels to determine if protection worked as designed.

Delta/Wye


Preventative Maintenance Calculating fault on breakers to determine when maintenance is required. Looking for trends or repetitive events.


Preventative Maintenance


Rapid Response Economic Development in Colorado Springs has group of

individuals from different departments (Fire, Police, Utilities, etc.) to provide information to companies interested in locating in Colorado Springs.

Many companies are interested in reliability data – outage AND power quality.

Customer meetings Data is used to document events and discuss with customers.

2001 to Current2001 to CurrentSummary of DisturbancesSummary of Disturbances

PQ Events Since 5/19/2001

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

12RM6 HV01/02B 34NP13 HV01A 34RM1 HV02A

12RM6 HV01/02B 3 13 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 6 0 53 1 1

34NP13 HV01A 3 21 0 1 1 1 1 16 1 2 1 0 14 1 53 1 6

34RM1 HV02A 3 13 0 0 0 1 0 11 0 0 0 0 10 0 53 1 1

WindLightni

ngATO xfer

Flashover

FloaterDebris in Line

Animal in line

Unknown

Switching

Error

Vehicle

Cut UG Cable

Technician Error

Equipment failure

OH Construction

External

Switching Into

Automatic

Reclos

1A - 123

2A - 93

1A&B - 82

2001 to Current2001 to CurrentSummary of DisturbancesSummary of Disturbances

PQ Events Since 5/19/2001(with common events removed)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

12RM6 HV01/02B 34NP13 HV01A 34RM1 HV02A

12RM6 HV01/02B 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

34NP13 HV01A 0 6 0 1 1 0 1 12 1 2 1 0 9 1 0 0 5

34RM1 HV02A 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0

WindLightni

ngATO xfer

Flashover

FloaterDebris in Line

Animal in line

Unknown

Switching

Error

Vehicle

Cut UG Cable

Technician Error

Equipment failure

OH Construction

External

Switching Into

Automatic

Reclos

HV01A - 40

HV02A - 13

HV01 A&B - 3

1. Sag due to ATO transfer after event on feeder serving 1A.

2. Technician accidentally tripped ATO.

3. PT fuse failed in LS switchgear.

HV01A & HV02AHV01A & HV02AExposureExposure(since May 2001)(since May 2001)

North Plant – 36 events 34NP2 – 13

• Platte bus – 1• 12PL1 - 5• 12PL2 - 7

34NP12 – 2 34NP14 - 1 34NP20 – 13

• 13HL1 – 7• 13HL2 - 2

34NP24 – 2• 12C2 – 1

Rampart – 4 events 34RM2 – 1 34RM3 – 3

• 12RV4 – 2• 12RV5 – 1

Oak Valley

Craigmoor

Platte

Holland Park

Rusina

Digital

Oak Valley

Ind Prk

Cust Sub

North Plant

Rampart

Questions?Questions?

power quality: a closer look joe watson appa – engineering & operations technical conference...

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