SCIENCE PROJECT ON NATURAL

RESOURCE

Natural ResourceOur planet Earth is the only planet where

life exist .Life on Earth is dependent on many factors like water , food etc The resources present on the earth and the energy from the sun are necessary to meet the basic requirement on earth . resources on the earth are land, water and the air .The life supporting zone of earth where the atmosphere , hydrosphere and lithosphere interact is called biosphere.

abiotic component

The non living things of the biosphere forms the abiotic component

Air , water , soil are the abiotic component

• Air the breath of

life Air is a mixture of many gases like

nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour. Composition of air is responsible for life on earth. Cells need oxygen to get energy by breaking down glucose. Oxygen is needed for combustion by which we get heat and energy. Air is very important for us. Without air we cannot live. Oxygen is also dissolved in water by which aquatic animal can breath.

THE MOVEMENT OF AIR:WINDSWe have all felt the relief bought by cool evening breezes after a hot day. And sometimes it rains after a hot day. what causes the movement in air and what decides whether this movement will be in the form of gentle breeze or in the form of storm. All the movement of air resulting in diverse atmospheric phenomena are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere in different region of the earth. But various other factor also influence these winds-the rotation of earth and the presence of mountain ranges in the path are the couple of these factor.

Air pollutionAn increase in the content of harmful substances in the air is called air pollution. The fossil fuel like coal and petroleum contain small amount of sulphur and nitrogen. When these fuels are burnt nitrogen and sulphur to are burnt and this produces different oxides of nitrogen and sulphur. Inhalation of these gases is dangerous they also dissolve in rain to form acid rain. The combustion of fossil fuel also increases the amount of suspended particle in air. These suspended particle could be un burnt carbon particle or substances called hydrocarbon.

• Water : A wonder liquid

Water occupies a very large area of earth. And is also found underground. some amount of water is in the form of vapour. Water is very necessary all cellular process takes place in a water medium. Organism need to maintain the water within their body to in order to stay alive. The availability of water decides not only the number of member of each species that are able to survive in a particular area but it also decides the diversity of life there. Of course the availability of water is not the only factor that decides the sustainability of life in a region. Other feature like the temperature and nature of soil also matter. But water is one of the major resources which determine life on land.

Water pollutionSewage from our towns and cities and waste from factories are also dumped into rivers or lake . Specific industry also use water for cooling in many operation and later return this hot water to water bodies. All this can effect the life form that are found in this water bodies in various ways. This effect the balance between various organism which had been establishing in that system.

• soilSoil is an important resource that decides the diversity of life in an area. Soil is the topmost layer of earth crust. Soil is a mixture of small particle of rock ,bits of decaying living organism which is called a humus, soil also contain microorganism. The type of soil is decided by the amount of humus ,average soil particle dissolved in it. Soil is formed by many factors:-• By the sun : the sun heats up rock during

the day so the rock expands and in night the rock contracts since all the part of the rock do not contract at the same rate . It cracks ultimately.

• Strong winds erode rocks like water do. Wind also caries sand from one place to another

• Living organism also influence the formation of soil.

Biotic componentThe biotic

component of environment

include all living

organism including human

beings. They may be

producer of food or

consumer.

• Plants:- the green plants are the producer of food for all living being. The leaves and other green parts of plant synthesize food. Besides the food item the plant supply us many other things like medicines, cloth etc.

• Animal:- animal form another important biotic component of environment. They depend on the plant for their survival.

Biogeochemical cycle

A constant interaction between the biotic and abiotic component of the biosphere makes it a dynamic but stable system these interaction consist of transfer of matter and energy between different component of the biosphere. Some process involved in maintenance of above balance:-1. Water cycle 2. Nitrogen cycle3. Carbon cycle 4. Oxygen cycle

Water cycle:- the whole process in which water evaporates and falls on the land as rain and later flow back into the sea is called water cycle.

• clouds

water

transpiration evap

orati

on

rain

condensation

precipitation

ground

nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen gas makes 70% of our atmosphere and nitrogen is also a part of many molecules essential for life like protein. However other than a few forms of bacteria, life forms are not able to convert the comparatively inert nitrogen molecule into forms like nitrates and nitrites. Other than these bacteria the only way to convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrites and nitrates is by physical method . During lightning the high temperature and pressure created in the air converts nitrogen into oxides of nitrogen. These oxides dissolve in water to give nitrous and nitric acid. These ar4e then utilized by many life forms. Plant takes up nitrates and convert them into amino acid. which are used to make protein . These protein are consumed by many animal . Once the animal or plant dies other bacteria in the soil converts the various compounds of back into nitrates. A bacteria then converts the nitrates into nitrogen.

OXYGEN CYCLEOxygen is very abundant element on our earth.it is found in the elemental form to the extent of 21%. But when we talk of oxygen cycle , we are mainly referring to a cycle that maintains the level of oxygen in the atmosphere oxygen from the atmosphere is used up in three processes combustion , respiration and in formation of oxides of nitrogen and this forms the oxygen cycle.

Carbon cycle

Carbon is found in various forms in the earth. It occurs in elemental form in diamond and graphite. Carbon dioxide in the combined form. Carbon cycle is the process which converts carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or dissolve in water into glucose molecules. The utilization of glucose to provide energy to living thing involves the process of respiration in which oxygen may or may not be used to convert glucose back into carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide goes back into the atmosphere .

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Made by : keshav rawat