Medieval Monophony

Music outside the church in the Middle AgesMedieval Secular Vocal Music

Insert NAWM 5th edition, disc 11

Latin

versus and conductusrhythmic, rhymed, often attached to the liturgy as background or processional

Goliard songsBishop Goliard mentor of numbers of Order of Goliard did not exist. Goliards were actually clerical students who wrote satirical, and often obscene, songs, sometimes based on the texts of the mass and hymns.

FRANCEThe earliest known French writings are from the 800s.

La Chanson de Roland

Chanson de gestesong of heroic deedsEarly 11th centuryAbout 100 existPerformed by jongleurJongleurs/mnstrelsbottom of social scalewanderings contributed to spread and survival of medieval monophonic songParisian jongleurs guild active from 1120 to 1700snot composersNorthern French

4

Troubadours and Trouvres11th 13th Century poet-composersOften nobilitysongs:syllabic, melismas @ end of lineshort phrases, narrow rangerhythm not indicatedabout 250 exist

SouthTroubadoursNorthTrouvrescansopastorellaalbatensojoc partisirventesSongschansonpastourelledescortjeu partichanson de toilelaisDance songsbaladadansaestampiecaroleronde/rondel/rondelet

the canso and chanson are about courtly/chivalric lovethe balada and dansa are about love, mention the spring festival, and are strophic with a refrain

Add map of France5

Bernart de Ventadorn (ca. 1130- ca. 1200)

Can vei la lauzeta mover; cansotroubadourHis parents were servants, possibly bakers, at the Castle of Ventadour in what is now southern France. He worked at various courts in France and England and died in a monastery.

King Richard the Lionheart (1157-1199)talented trouvreKing of England 1189-1199was captured during the crusadeslegend has it that a fellow trouvre was able to find him by means of a song the two had coauthored.

Adam de la Halleca. 12401288considered greatest trouvremonophonic and polyphonic compositionschansonsjeux-partisrondeauxmotetsplays w/musicLe Jeu de Robin et de Marionspoken dialogue interspersed with songsspecified instrumentationRobins maime

Trobairitzwomen troubadoursthe only trobairitz poem with music that has been found is by Comtessa de DiaA chantar

Comtessa de Dia

German Minnesnger12th-13th century poet-musiciansone who sings about courtly loveBar formaab (stolen, stolen, abgesang)Walther von der VogelweidePalstinalied

Walther von der Vogelweide

statue in Wrtzburg10

Spanish Cantigasrulers traveled between France and Spainbefore 1225, much Iberian poetry written in the Provenal languageCantigas de Santa Mariacollection of Galician-Portuguese music prepared under the direction of Alfonso X the Wise, King of Castile and LonCantiga 159: Non sofre Santa MariaAbbaA form of later form fixes virelai/ballata

11

Italian Laudelaudasongs of wandering penitents who sought atonement for their sins by self-flagellationstrophic

English Monophony

An English ScopSt. Godrics hermitagebefore Norman Conquest:scopcourt entertainergleemantraveling musicianafter Norman conquest:minstrelssongslong narrative poems with harpSt. Godric (d. 1170)Saxon Hermitearliest surviving vernacular English songs(picture on right is Benedictine Priory by River Wear in Durham, England, where St. Godric was a hermit)