power line security rv
TRANSCRIPT
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CODE BASED HOME-SECURITY SYSTEM USING
POWER LINE & INFRARED SENSORS/REED SWITCH
By
ABHISHEK .R. M ISHRA (08070105003)
AM IT KUMAR (08070105004)
HARISH SINGH RAWAT (08070105021)
RAGHWENDRA SINGH NEGI (08070105041)
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL
DEHRADUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
UTTARAKHAND TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
MAY 2012
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certificate. ..4
Declaration......................................................................................................5
Acknowledgement.. ........6
Abstract...7
List of Figures.....8
List of Symbols...9
List of Abbreviations. .10
CHAPTER 1:
1.1Introduction....111.2Objective.............................................................................................111.3Applications...11
CHAPTER 2:
2.1 Block Diagram....12
2.2Description......12
CHAPTER 3: TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND WORKING
3.1 Earthing based Multi Door Security System.........14
3.2 Infrared Sensor System..16
3.3 Code Lock System.....19
CHAPTER 4:
4.1Components Used..21
4.1.1 Relays.21
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4.1.2 Timer IC555..............................................................................23
4.1.3 IC4013......................................................................................24
4.1.4 LM358......................................................................................25
4.1.5 LED......27
4.1.6 Photodiode27
4.1.7 Capacitor..28
4.1.8 Transformer.28
4.1.9 Transistor.... .29
4.1.10 Rectifier.29
4.2 Developing PCB Using Express PCB.30
4.3 Ratings of the Components Used....32
4.4 Overview of Project.34
CHAPTER 5:
5.1 Advantages of the Project35
5.2 Scopes for Advancements35
5.3 Applications.....35
5.4 Precautions while assembling the Project36
5.5 Conclusion...36
REFERENCES37
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that dissertation entitled, Code based Home Security System
using Power Line & Infrared Sensors, being submitted by Abhishek Ranjan
Mishra, Amit Kumar, Harish Singh Rawat and Raghwendra Singh Negi in
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of bachelor of technology in
electrical engineering, is a bonafide record of the work done by them under my
supervision and guidance.
The results contained in the dissertation have not been submitted, in part or full, to
any other university or institute for the award of any degree or diploma.
DATE: Mr. Mohamed Samir
Asst. Professor
EE Deptt., DIT
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, it contains no matter previously published or written by
other person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the
award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher
learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.
.. .....
Abhishek Ranjan Mishra Amit Kumar
(08070105003) (08070105004)
.. ..
Harish Singh Rawat Raghwendra Singh Negi
(08070105021) (08070105041)
DATE:
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives a great sense of pleasure to present the report of B.Tech project undertaken
during B.Tech final year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Mohamed Samir,
department of electrical engineering, DIT Dehradun for his constant support and
guidance throughout the course of our work. His sincerity, thoroughness and
perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his
cognizant efforts that our endeavours have seen the light of the day.
We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Mrs. Abha
Rajoria, head of the department of electrical engineering, D.I.T Dehradun for her
full support and assistance during the development of the project.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all
faculty members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during
the development of our project. Last but not least, we acknowledge our friends for
their contribution in the completion of project.
.. .
Abhishek Ranjan Mishra Amit Kumar
(08070105003) (08070105004)
.
Harish Singh Rawat Raghwendra Singh Negi
(08070105021) (08070105041)
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ABSTRACT
The title of the project is CODE BASED HOME SECURITYSYSTEM USING
POWER LINE & INFRARED SENSORS/REED SWITCH. There are manysecurity systems available these days but this security system is unique in its own
which uses the already existing wires of your home and does not require extra
wiring which ultimately reduces the cost of extra wiring and enhances reliability.
It can be installed at one place and the person sitting in different rooms is alerted
by a buzzer alarm and by providing LED of different colour for each room. We
may use multiple buzzers as per the requirements.
This system uses IR sensors/Reed magnet Switch to detect the obstacle or any
person who tries to intrude. The sensors can be activated or deactivated by entering
unique code of 3 or 4 digits, so an unknown person cannot deactivate the system,
and the code is given only to a particular person and by entering the code the
person can enter the room. It is a home security system which can be modified to
be used in offices and buildings.
KEY WORDS- Buzzer alarm, LEDs, IR, Reed Magnet Switch, Power Line.
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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 1: Multi Door Alarm Circuit.
Fig. 2: Object Detection Circuit.
Fig. 3: Code-Lock Circuit.
Fig. 4: Operation of Relay.
Fig. 5: Internal Block diagram of IC 555 timer.
Fig. 6: Connection Diagram of IC 4013.
Fig. 7: LED.
Fig. 8: Photodiode.
Fig. 9: Transformer.
Fig. 10: Transistor.
Fig. 11: Rectifier with input and output waveforms.
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LIST OF SYMBOLS
=OHM
= MEW
F = FARAD
m = MILI
k = KILO
n = NANO
p = PICO
Hz = HERTZ
% = PERCENTAGE
V = VOLTAGE
W= WATT
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
IRINFRARED
LEDLIGHT EMITTING DIODE
GNDGROUND
OP AMPOPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
ICINTEGRATED CIRCUIT
DCDIRECT CURRENT
ACALTERNATING CURRENT
PCBPRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
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CHAPTER 1
1.1 IntroductionDesign and implementation of a Security System is a necessary device in our
daily life. Although a lot of research work has been done towards the
development of security system, as a security system needs to be reliable,
simple and not very expensive. The reliability is the most important aspect of
the security system. Therefore in our project, we have tried to construct a
robust, economical and user-friendly security system using the infrared
sensors/Reed switch, the code system and the alarm-triggering circuit build
around the 555 timer IC.
A unique thing in this system is that there is no need to put additional wiring
line throughout the building. For the installation, the existing wiring present in
the house or office is used, thus saving the cost of wiring and easy installation.
1.2 ObjectiveThe main objective of our work is to develop a reliable, user friendly, simple
and economical security system which can reach the people beyond the
cultural and economical barrier.
1.3
ApplicationsThe present work will find application in the development of highly secured
and reliable Security System which can be modified to use in confidential
buildings.
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CHAPTER 2
2.1 Block Diagram
2.2 Description
This project uses a 12V, 500mA regulated power supply. Full wave rectifier
(two diodes back to back) is used to rectify ac output of secondary of 230/12 V
centre tapped step down transformer.
First of all, at the entrance of the building, the user can activate the security
system by entering the unique code. He can deactivate it too by pressing
another combination of unique code. Hence only the authorized person could
activate/deactivate the entire security system.
Power Supply Code LockSystem
Infraredsensor/ Reed-
switch
Detection ofIntruding
ObjectRelay
555 IC Timer asfrequencyoscillator
buzzer beepsIntrusion
Detected at thedoor.
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The unwarranted intrusion is detected by infrared sensors/reed switch which,
upon intrusion, generate a signal which is sent to the relay. Then the relay
generates the actuating signal which is sent to the main alarm triggering circuit.
The main alarm circuit, which is built around the 555 timer IC working as a
frequency oscillator, generates a signal of unique frequency which is then sent
to the piezobuzzer unit.
Finally, the piezobuzzer beeps with a sound of frequency corresponding to the
targeted door and hence the intrusion is detected.
The frequency of beep can be varied with the help of preset which varies the
input to the 555 timer IC working as a frequency oscillator.
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Chapter 3
Technical Working and Description.
3.1 Earthing-based Multi Door Alarm Security System.
Thwart the attempt of burglary by detecting intrusion with this alarm circuit. Each
door is protected by separate circuit built around an independent 555 timer IC in
conjunction with reed switch magnet. All the three units are powered from a single
power source. The buzzer can be plugged into the earth line of a socked in any
room of the same building having proper earth line connection. There is no need of
laying external wire up to the buzzer unit from different rooms.
For door-1 alarm unit, we connect the infrared system S1 to the relay to drive the
main 555 timer circuit. Wire IC1(555 Timer IC) as a frequency oscillator and set
door-1 alarm unit to the desired frequency, say, between 1 Hz and 3 Hz, using
VR1.
For door-2 alarm unit, connect reed switch S2 near the magnet of door-2 which is
connected to relay. Now relay is connected to IC2.Wire IC2(555 Timer IC) also as
a frequency oscillator and set door-2 alarm frequency between 5 and 7Hz using
VR2.
In normal condition, i.e., when all the doors are closed reset pin 4 of IC1and IC2
remain low. As a result, these do not oscillate and piezobuzzer PZ1 remains silent.
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When door-1 is opened, the infrared sensor system detects intruding object and it
sends an alarming signal to the relay. The relay then gets operated and sends an
actuating signal to IC1. Now IC1 generates 1-3 Hz signals and the piezobuzzer
beeps to indicate the door-1 has been opened.
When door-2 is opened, magnet moves away from the reed switch S1, relay is
operated and it sends an actuating signal to the IC2. Now IC2 generates 5-7 Hz
signals and piezobuzzer beeps to indicate that door-2 has been opened.
Thus sitting in a room where the buzzer unit in fitted, we can easily know which
room has someone gained entry into.
Mains line wire is not connected to SOC-1. Live and neutral wires are connected to
the primary of the step-down transformer, which is a part of the power supply. All
the three units connected are powered from a single rectified power supply.
Connect the reed switch near the particular gate magnet through an external wire.
Plug-in the piezobuzzer into the earth and neutral lines of socket (SOC-2) fitted in
the desired room of the same building. There is no need of laying external wires up
to the buzzer unit. This project will work off the power line within the building.
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Fig. 1
3.2 Infrared Sensor System.
Infrared(IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that
of visible, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.74micrometers
(m), and extending conventionally to 300 m. These wavelengths correspond to a
frequency range of approximately 1 to 400 MHz
There are various applications of IR sensors such as TV remote controllers, burglar
alarms and object counter.
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Here we have used IR sensors (infrared LEDs) to make an object-detection circuit.
The basic idea is to transmit the infrared light through an IR LED, which is then
reflected by any obstacle ahead and sensed by the receiving LED.
On receiving the light, the sensing LED develops a voltage difference across its
leads. However, this voltage produces very weak electrical signal. Therefore we
have used an operational amplifier (op-amp) for accurate detection the object.
Fig. 2
The circuit can be divided into two parts: emitter and receiver. The emitter is
composed of IR LED1 in series with a 220-ohm resistor that limits the forward
current. IR LED1 emits IR light continuously. The receiver is built around IC
LM358 (IC1), IR LED2, zener diode ZD1, transistor T1 and resistors R1 and R2
along with preset VR1.
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According to functioning of the op-amp, the output of IC1will go high when the
voltage at its pin-2 goes high. So the output of IC1 goes high when IR light is
detected by the IR receiver.
When the IR light falls on IR LED-2, transistor T1conducts making pin-2 of IC1
low. We can adjust the reference voltage at pin-3 of IC1using preset VR1.
Working of the circuit is simple. When there is no object in front of IR LED-1 and
IR LED-2 output pin-1 of IC1remains low. As a result, LED1 remains off. When
any object comes in front of IR LED-1 and IR LED-2, output pin-1 of IC1goes
high to light up LED-1. At the same time, the relay-driver circuit is also activated.
Assemble the circuit on general purpose PCB and enclose in a small cabinet.
Mount IR LED1 and IR LED2 such that when any obstacle comes in front of them,
the IR reflected off the obstacle falls directly on receiver IR LED2.
PCB for Infrared system.
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3.3 Code Lock System
Two Flip-Flops IC1and IC2[CD4013] are used in the circuit.
Total four pushes switches are connected in series with positive supply from
pin no. 3 and 11 of both ICs.
In circuit diagram, the wires are connected from these switches to both the ICs
and are termed as W, X, Y, Z terminals respectively.
When the switches are pressed in this order the relay in circuit will be
activated.
In other words, lock will be opened.
Ten push switches are connected in the circuit, which are marked from 0 to 9
numbers.
In this project for example code 0135 is taken.
Thus 0 is connected with W, 1 with X, 3 with Y and 5 with Z.
Beside this rest of switches 2, 4, and 9 are connected with reset terminal.
This reset terminal is connected with pin no6 and of both IC.
Rest of the 6 push switches reset the Flip-Flops.
The pin no. 14 of IC1, IC2are connected with positive and pin no. 13 of IC1is
connected with the pin no. 5 of IC1.
Whereas pin no. 5 of IC2is grounded.
When the switches are pushed in proper order then the output from the pin no.
13 of IC2goes to the base of Transistor Q1[BC557].
The amplified signal from the collector of the transistor operates the relay.
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Fig. 3
Keypad for entering Unique Code.
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PC for Code Lock System.CHAPTER 4
4.1 COMPONENTS USED
4.1.1 RELAY
Relay is a common, simple application of electromagnetism. It uses an
electromagnet made from an iron rod wound with hundreds of fine copper wire.
When electricity is applied to the wire, the rod becomes magnetic. A movable
contact arm above the rod is then pulled toward the rod until it closes a switchcontact. When the electricity is removed, a small spring pulls the contract arm
away from the rod until it closes a second switch contact. By means of relay, a
current circuit can be broken or closed in one circuit as a result of a current in
another circuit.
Relays can have several poles and contacts. The types of contacts could be
normally open and normally closed. One closure of the relay can turn on the same
normally open contacts; can turn off the other normally closed contacts.
Relay requires a current through their coils, for which a voltage is applied. This
voltage for a relay can be D.C. low voltages up to 24 V or could be 240 V a.c.
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Fig. 4
These contacts can be either Normally Open (NO), Normally Closed (NC), or
change-overcontacts.OPERATION
When a current flows through the coil, the resulting magnetic field attracts an
armature that is mechanically linked to a moving contact. The movement either
makes or breaks a connection with a fixed contact. When the current to the coil is
switched off, the armature is returned by a force that is half as strong as the
magnetic force to its relaxed position. Usually this is a spring, but gravity is alsoused commonly in industrial motor starters. Relays are manufactured to operate
quickly. In a low voltage application, this is to reduce noise. In a high voltage or
high current application, this is to reduce arcing.
Electromagnetic Relay used in the project:
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4.1.2TIMER IC 555
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer,pulse generation and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide
time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element.
It has 3 operating modes monostable, astable & bistable.
With monostable operation, the time delay is controlled by one external
resistor and one capacitor. With astable operation, the frequency and duty
cycle are accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Signetics_NE555N.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Signetics_NE555N.JPG -
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In this project we are using it in Bistable multi-vibrator mode as a timer and
a frequency oscillator to generate frequencies which can be set by a preset.
F ig. 5
4.1.3 IC 4013
General Description
The CD4013B dual D-type flip-flop is a monolithic complementary MOS
(CMOS) integrated circuit constructed with N- and P-channel enhancement
mode transistors.
Each flip-flop has independent data, set, reset, and clock inputs and Q and
Q outputs.
These devices can be used for shift register applications, and by connecting
Q output tothe data input, for counter and toggle applications.
The logic level present at the D input is transferred to the Qoutput during
the positive-going transition of the clock pulse.
Setting or resetting is independent of the clock and is accomplished by a
high level on the set or reset line respectively.
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In this project, we have connected its pin nos. 3 and 11 to positive supplies
for activation of infrared system.
And pin nos. 6 and 8 are connected to reset for deactivation of infrared
system.
Connection diagram:
Fig. 6Features
a) Wide supply voltage range: 3.0V to 15V
b) High noise immunity: 0.45 VDD (typ.)
c) Low power TTL: fan out of 2 driving 74L
Applications
Automotive
Data terminals
Instrumentation
Medical electronics
Alarm system
Industrial electronics
Remote metering
Computers
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4.1.4 LM358
General Description
The LM358 series consists of two independent, high gain, internally
frequency compensated operational amplifiers which are designed
specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of
voltages.
It can be directly operated off of the standard +5V power supply voltage
which is used in digital systems and will easily provide the required
interface electronics without requiring the additional 15Vpower supplies.
In this project, we have used LM358 to serve as an operational amplifier
which provides output at pin no. 1 depending on input signal generated by
LED-2 (refer fig. 3) which is given at pin no. 2 of the op-amp.
Here the op-amp is working in the inverting mode, with input given at the
negative pin no.2 whereas positive pin no. 1 is controlled via a preset.
Application areas include transducer amplifiers, dc gain blocks and all the
conventional op amp circuits which now can be more easily implemented in single
power supply system.
Advantages:
1) Two internally compensated op amps in a singlePackage.
2) Eliminates need for dual supplies.
3) Allows directly sensing near GND and VOUT also goesto GND.
4) Compatible with all forms of logic.
5) Power drain suitable for battery operation.
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6) Pin-out same as LM1558/LM1458 dual operationalamplifier.
Features:
a) Internally frequency compensated for unity gain.b) Large dc voltage gain: 100 dB
c) Wide bandwidth (unity gain): 1 MHz
d) Wide power supply range:
Single supply: 3V to 32V
Dual supplies: 1.5V to 16V.
4.1.5 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
A light-emitting diode(LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as
indicator lamps in many devices. When a junction diode is forward biased, energy
is released at the junction diode is forward biased, energy is released at the junction
due to recombination of electrons and holes. In case of silicon and germanium
diodes, the energy released is in infrared region. In the junction diode made of
gallium arsenate or indium phosphide, the energy is released in visible region.
Such a junction diode is called a light emitting diode or LED.
Fig. 7
4.1.6. PHOTODIODE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LED,_5mm,_green_(en).svg -
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A photodiode is a type of photo detector capable of converting light into either
current orvoltage,depending upon the mode of operation.
Photodiodes are similar to regular semiconductordiodes except that they may be
either exposed (to detect vacuum UV or X-rays) or packaged with a window or
optical fiber connection to allow light to reach the sensitive part of the device.
Many diodes designed for use specifically as a photodiode will also use a PIN
junction rather than the typicalPN junction.
Fig. 8 Photodiode.
4.1.7 CAPACITOR
Capacitors can hold a limited amount of electric charge. They can conduct direct
current for only an instant but are able to act as conductors in alternating-current
circuits, as they constantly charge and discharge as the direction of the current
constantly changes.
This property makes them useful when direct current must be prevented from
entering some part of an electric circuit.
Fixed-capacity and variable-capacity capacitors are used with coils in our project.
4.1.8TRANSFORMER
Transformer is a static device which is used to change the level of voltage or
current.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodetectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_UVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIN_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIN_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PN_junctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PN_junctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Photodiode.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PN_junctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIN_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIN_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_UVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodetector -
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Here we are using centre tapped step down transformer of rating 230/12V.
Here 230 V is the primary side voltage and 12V is the secondary side
voltage.
The transformer used is air cooled and the core used for construction of
transformer is CRGO (Cold Rolled Grain Oriented).
Fig. 9
4.1.9TRANSISTOR
Transistor, any of various electronic devices used as amplifiers or
oscillators in communications, control, and computer systems.
Since its advent in 1948 the transistor has largely replaced thermionic
vacuum tubes.
Here, we are using BEL 147 n-p-n transistor.
Fig. 10
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4.1.10 RECTIFIER
Rectifier is a device used to convert AC to DC. It is of two types centre tapped and
bridge rectifier. For single-phase AC, if the transformer is center-tapped, then two
diodes back-to-back (i.e. anodes-to-anode or cathode-to-cathode) form a full-wave.
Fig. 11
4.2DEVELOPING PCBs USING EXPRESS PCB
FIVE STEPS
1. Draw the schematic of the circuit on a computer using the required
software.
2. Design the PCB on the computer using the required software.
3. Print the PCB design through a laser printer.
4. Take the impression of the circuit on a copper-clad board.
5. Remove the excess copper by etching. Try to make the PCB as compact
as possible.
The mirror image of the PCB layout will always be imprinted on the copper
side (the solder side of the copper-clad board) of the actual PCB.
STEPS OF MAKING PCB:-
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4.3 Ratings of the components used:
POWER SUPPLY
Transformer: 230/12 V, Centre-tapped.
Full Wave Rectifier:
o Diode4007 (2)
o Condenser: 1000 F (1)
o Resistance: 470 (1)
o Voltage Regulator IC (1)
o LED: Green (1)
CODE LOCK
Resistance: 2 M (5), 10k (1), 1k (1)
IC 4013 (2)
Transistor: BEL 147 (1)
Capacitors: 10 nF (2), 470 F (1)
Diode 4007 (1)
LED: Red (1)
Relay: 12 V / 150 (2)
Rectifier:
o Diode 4007 (2).
o Condenser: 1000 F (1)
o Voltage Regulator IC (1)
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INFRARED SYSTEM
IC 358 (1)
Resistance: 100 (1), 1k (2)
Preset: 5 k(1)
Diode 4007 (1)
Transistor: BEL 187 (1)
MULTIDOOR ALARM CIRCUIT
IC 555 (2) Preset: 100 k (2)
Resistance: 100 k (2), 1k (2), 330 (2)
Condenser: 10 F (4), 10 nF (2)
Diode 4007 (2)
Copper clad: 1 x 1
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4.4 Overview of project:
Top view:
Side View:
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CHAPTER 5
5.1 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
1. This system uses the existing wiring of your home so no need of extra wiring.
2. It reduces the extra cost of wiring.
3. It can be used for multiple doors.
4. It is very robust and simple to use.
5. The entire system is highly secured because it uses IC555 TIMER for locking
and unlocking of the system.
5.2 SCOPES FOR ADVANCEMENT
Text or Call based activation or deactivation (via cell-phone) of the security system
can be implemented.
5.3 APPLICATIONS
Commercial wireless applications such as door announcers, security and
access system, gate control, remote activation, score board & paging
systems.
Industries are using IR solutions for monitoring, process, control, inventory
tracking, data links and barcode reading devices.
Home based security.
Distance monitoring of a confidential place.
Large industrial setups where it would be impractical to do rewiring, here we
could use existing wiring of the plant.
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5.4 PRECAUTIONS WHILE ASEMBLING THE PROJECTi. Use IC base for the IC.
ii. Take care that there is no shorting on PCB while soldering the components.
iii. Check all the components so that components are OK.
iv. Take care of cathode and anode terminals of diode while soldering.
v. Use good quality presets.
vi. Solder the C, B, E terminals of transistor carefully.
vii. Also, make sure that the neutral point of mains is connected to the ground
line of the circuit and not vice versa.
5.5 CONCLUSION
Hence designing a security system using power line of the existing wiring of your
house or any building was successful and a highly secured system can be designed
using Infrared sensors, and we showed that whenever an obstacle comes in the
range of the Infrared rays the buzzer gives a beep sound and an LED provided onthe buzzer for multiple rooms blinks continuously giving an alert that someone is
trying to enter the room.
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Prentice Hall-India,New Delhi,2003.
2. P Raja,Microprocessor, S. Kataria and Sons, New Delhi, 2010.
3. Badri & D.N. Vishwakarma, Power System Protection and Switchgear,
TMH, New Delhi, 2009.
4. Chris Schroeder, Printed Circuit Board Design Using AutoCAD,
Butterworth-Heinemann, Washington, 1954.
5. Thomas L. Norman, Integrated Security Systems Design: Concepts,
Specifications, and Implementation, Washington, 2007.
6. Robert Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit
Theory, Pearson, 2009.
7. http://www.ask.com/questions-about/Alarm-Circuits-Using-555-Timer-
Applications
http://www.ask.com/questions-about/Alarm-Circuits-Using-555-Timer-Applicationshttp://www.ask.com/questions-about/Alarm-Circuits-Using-555-Timer-Applicationshttp://www.ask.com/questions-about/Alarm-Circuits-Using-555-Timer-Applicationshttp://www.ask.com/questions-about/Alarm-Circuits-Using-555-Timer-Applications