power flow control - neetrac · distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance...
TRANSCRIPT
Power Flow Control1
Frank C. Lambert, P.E.ISGT Europe October 13, 2014
Table of Contents
• Power Flow Control Development History Technology Overview
• NEETRAC Testing• Applications
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Technology History
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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20142001‐2008
DSR Prototype
Initial Patent Filing
Deepak Divan
Formation of the Smart Wire Focus Initiative (SWFI)
Formation of theSmart Wire Grid, Inc.
(SWG)
NEETRAC Gen 1 Testing
NEETRAC Gen 2 Testing
99 units installed at
TVA
33 units installed at Southern Company
RouterDevelopment
PowerLine Guardian Technology4
Distributed power flow control for existing transmission lines
Diverts current from the overloaded lines to underutilized ones
Increases line impedance by injecting a pre‐tuned value of magnetizing inductance through the single‐turn transformer
Two methods of operation1. Operate autonomously based on
locally programmable set points, or…
2. Two way communications enable dynamic operation and robust line monitoring
Power Line
XM
SM
S2
Cf Control Comms
Power Supply
Current Feedback
CDC
Lf
PowerLine Router Technology Enables ability to “divert” current from a line (inductive mode) or “pull” current into a
line (capacitive mode).
Router utilizes a single‐turn transformer and converter to inject a synthesized voltage onto the power line.
– Voltage can be of arbitrary phase, magnitude, or frequency – limited by the available core energy and device ratings.
– Via direct and dynamic control of the single‐turn transformer voltage, the router can emulate a series capacitor or inductor, and can also be used to compensate for grid harmonics, resonances, and oscillations.
Power Flow Control Solution100 MW Capacity
32%
105%
21%
Before Control
Simplified planning scenario predicts future overload
WithPowerLine Guardian
Power is pushed to alternate lines with spare capacity, resolving overload
105 MW Capacity
120 MW CapacityWithPowerLine Router
Power is pulled onto lines with spare capacity, resolving overload
40%
99%
27%
99%
61%
30%
Fault Current: 63 kA, 30 cycle fault
Corona: 180 kV L‐to‐G corona free
Impulse: 1050 kV impulse
Clamp slip: >450 lbs. lateral force no slip
Vibration: damper required
Smart Wires TestingThe Smart Wires Focused Initiative, with NEETRAC, developed tests for the Units, to confirm reliability and robustness for utility deployments:
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Units Met All Requirements
High Current Fault Testing8
Units were functional after 63 kA, 30 cycle fault
Sample_Volt1 27.74 V2 -34.17 V
91.1 V
-102.0 V
Sample_Curr_1 -157.7 kAmp2 -13.58 kAmp
215.0 kAmps
-186.7 kAmps2.000s/div02:12.9 02:24.1
02:14.3790372External Trigger
102:14.3874998 202:14.9541482-2 1 =
566.6483 m
Voltage across Unit
Fault Current
Sample_Volt1 27.74 V2 -34.17 V
83.39 V
-102.0 V
Sample_Curr_1 -157.7 kAmp2 -13.58 kAmp
215.0 kAmps
-172.2 kAmps10.00 ms/div02:14.3650 02:14.4190
02:14.3790372External Trigger
102:14.3874998Voltage across Unit
Fault Current
Fault Event~0.5 s
Monitor ModeInjection ModeTime
Transition to Monitor Mode
High Voltage Corona / Impulse Testing9
Units were functional after three +/‐ 1050 kV
impulsesUnits were corona free below 180 kV Line to Ground, ~ 310 kV Line to Line
First Installations Through Collaboration with NEETRAC
October 2012March 2013
Guardians installed on three lines at 115 & 161 kV
Applications:• TVA ‐ Flow control to
reduce need for redispatchduring n‐1.
• Southern Company ‐Mitigate overload during n‐1 contingency. Eliminated prior solution of a permanently online air core reactor.
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• <15 min per module for de‐energized install
• Live line deployable (in development)
• Eliminates permitting requirements
• Eliminates new easement and ROW needs
Deployment Procedure
TVA Lineman: “One of the easiest things I have ever installed…”
Smart Wire Installation Process was developed in collaboration with NEETRAC to ensure safety and alignment with utility standards.
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Applications
Data and Situational Awareness Opportunities
Single Line Issues… System‐wide strategies…1. Reliability Compliance
2. Nuisance Overload Mitigation
3. Operating Procedure Simplification
4. Line Construction Support
5. Phase Balancing
1. Congestion Relief or System Uplift
2. Capacity Payment Avoidance
3. Generation Profile Changes• Support increased penetration of renewables• Reduce cost of accommodating generation retirements
4. SPS Simplification
5. Loop Flow Mitigation
1. Situational Awareness 2. Condition-Based Maintenance3. Dynamic Line Rating
4. Fault Location Detection 5. GIC Detection
1 2
3
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Applications: Reliability
Result Estimated $16.9 MM of savings Avoid reconductoring 42 circuit‐miles Free up capital for strategic projects Reduce outage windows
2013 Summer CaseReliability Violation
Outage of Hugo ‐ Jordan:results in three thermal
overloads
Reconductor Solution
Facility Est. Cost ($MM)
Hugo – Hardy 18.8
Hardy – Sidney 2.0
Marlin – Nestor 2.1
Total: 22.9
Facility ActionEst. Cost
($MM)
Hugo – Hardy PLG 3.9
Marlin –Nestor Recon 2.1
Total: 6.0
Power Flow Control SolutionCombine reconductoring with PLGs
Facility Voltage(kV)
Overload(%)
Hugo – Hardy 230 kV 104
Hardy – Sidney 230 kV 104
Marlin – Nestor 115 kV 102
Reliability can be achieved at less than 30% the cost of conventional solution.
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Applications: Capacity in Congested Regions PJM Locational Deliverability Areas (LDAs)• PowerLine Guardian technology can increase
the transmission capability and reduce the need for expensive capacity payments.
• In the PJM capacity auctions cleared in the West at about $10 k/MW and in the East at high as $90 k/MW for the year.
• Utilizing SWG technology to increase transmission capability from West to East there is potential for savings of ~$80 k/MW of increased transmission capability.
• Below are just a few transactions that could support increased capacity and savings in PJM.
Link Node A LDA @ Node A Node B LDA @
Node B
Increased Capacity (MW)
Total Units (#)
Total Savings ($MM/yr)
Payback (yr)
1 AEP RTO BGE SWMAAC 518 1038 $37.5 0.32 AEP RTO PEPCO SWMAAC 640 2058 $46.3 0.43 DLCO RTO BGE SWMAAC 446 750 $32.3 0.24 DLCO RTO DPL EMAAC 463 1059 $36.7 0.35 DLCO RTO PEPCO SWMAAC 474 723 $34.3 0.2
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Summary• Distributed, reliable, power flow control solution
• Unique platform for sense and respond
• Utility‐led transition from the lab to commercialization
• New products currently under development in collaboration with NEETRAC
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