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Power Flow Control 1 Frank C. Lambert, P.E. ISGT Europe October 13, 2014

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Page 1: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

Power Flow Control1

Frank C. Lambert, P.E.ISGT Europe October 13, 2014

Page 2: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

Table of Contents

• Power Flow Control Development History Technology Overview

• NEETRAC Testing• Applications

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Page 3: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

Technology History

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2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20142001‐2008

DSR Prototype

Initial Patent Filing

Deepak Divan

Formation of the Smart Wire Focus Initiative (SWFI)

Formation of theSmart Wire Grid, Inc. 

(SWG)

NEETRAC Gen 1 Testing

NEETRAC Gen 2 Testing 

99 units installed at 

TVA

33 units installed at Southern Company

RouterDevelopment

Page 4: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

PowerLine Guardian Technology4

Distributed power flow control for existing transmission lines

Diverts current from the overloaded lines to underutilized ones

Increases line impedance by injecting a pre‐tuned value of magnetizing inductance through the single‐turn transformer

Two methods of operation1. Operate autonomously based on 

locally programmable set points, or…

2. Two way communications enable dynamic operation and robust line monitoring

Page 5: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

Power Line

XM

SM

S2

Cf Control Comms

Power Supply

Current Feedback

CDC

Lf

PowerLine Router Technology  Enables ability to “divert” current from a line (inductive mode) or “pull” current into a 

line (capacitive mode).

Router utilizes a single‐turn transformer and converter to inject a synthesized voltage onto the power line.

– Voltage can be of arbitrary phase, magnitude, or frequency – limited by the available core energy and device ratings.

– Via direct and dynamic control of the single‐turn transformer voltage, the router can emulate a series capacitor or inductor, and can also be used to compensate for grid harmonics, resonances, and oscillations.

Page 6: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

Power Flow Control Solution100 MW Capacity

32%

105%

21%

Before Control

Simplified planning scenario predicts future overload

WithPowerLine Guardian

Power is pushed to alternate lines with spare capacity, resolving overload

105 MW Capacity

120 MW CapacityWithPowerLine Router 

Power is pulled onto lines with spare capacity, resolving overload

40%

99%

27%

99%

61%

30%

Page 7: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

Fault Current: 63 kA, 30 cycle fault  

Corona: 180 kV L‐to‐G corona free 

Impulse: 1050 kV impulse

Clamp slip: >450 lbs. lateral force no slip

Vibration: damper required 

Smart Wires TestingThe Smart Wires Focused Initiative, with NEETRAC, developed tests for the Units, to confirm reliability and robustness for utility deployments:

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Units Met All Requirements 

Page 8: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

High Current Fault Testing8

Units were functional after 63 kA, 30 cycle fault

Sample_Volt1 27.74 V2 -34.17 V

91.1 V

-102.0 V

Sample_Curr_1 -157.7 kAmp2 -13.58 kAmp

215.0 kAmps

-186.7 kAmps2.000s/div02:12.9 02:24.1

02:14.3790372External Trigger

102:14.3874998 202:14.9541482-2 1 =

566.6483 m

Voltage across Unit

Fault Current

Sample_Volt1 27.74 V2 -34.17 V

83.39 V

-102.0 V

Sample_Curr_1 -157.7 kAmp2 -13.58 kAmp

215.0 kAmps

-172.2 kAmps10.00 ms/div02:14.3650 02:14.4190

02:14.3790372External Trigger

102:14.3874998Voltage across Unit

Fault Current

Fault Event~0.5 s

Monitor ModeInjection ModeTime

Transition to Monitor Mode

Page 9: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

High Voltage Corona / Impulse Testing9

Units were functional after three +/‐ 1050 kV 

impulsesUnits were corona free below 180 kV Line to Ground,  ~ 310 kV Line to Line

Page 10: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

First Installations Through Collaboration with NEETRAC

October 2012March 2013

Guardians installed on three lines at 115 & 161 kV 

Applications:• TVA ‐ Flow control to 

reduce need for redispatchduring n‐1.

• Southern Company ‐Mitigate overload during n‐1 contingency. Eliminated prior solution of a permanently online air core reactor.

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Page 11: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

• <15 min per module for de‐energized install

• Live line deployable (in development)

• Eliminates permitting requirements

• Eliminates new easement and ROW needs 

Deployment Procedure 

TVA Lineman: “One of the easiest things I have ever installed…”

Smart Wire Installation Process was developed in collaboration with NEETRAC to ensure safety and alignment with utility standards.

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Page 12: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

Applications

Data and Situational Awareness Opportunities

Single Line Issues… System‐wide strategies…1. Reliability Compliance 

2. Nuisance Overload Mitigation

3. Operating Procedure Simplification

4. Line Construction Support

5. Phase Balancing

1. Congestion Relief or System Uplift 

2. Capacity Payment Avoidance

3. Generation Profile Changes• Support increased penetration of renewables• Reduce cost of accommodating generation retirements

4. SPS Simplification

5. Loop Flow Mitigation

1. Situational Awareness 2. Condition-Based Maintenance3. Dynamic Line Rating

4. Fault Location Detection 5. GIC Detection

1 2

3

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Page 13: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

Applications: Reliability

Result Estimated $16.9 MM of savings Avoid reconductoring 42 circuit‐miles Free up capital for strategic projects Reduce outage windows

2013 Summer CaseReliability Violation 

Outage of Hugo ‐ Jordan:results in three thermal 

overloads

Reconductor Solution

Facility Est. Cost ($MM)

Hugo – Hardy 18.8

Hardy – Sidney  2.0

Marlin – Nestor  2.1

Total: 22.9

Facility ActionEst. Cost 

($MM)

Hugo – Hardy PLG 3.9

Marlin –Nestor  Recon 2.1

Total: 6.0

Power Flow Control SolutionCombine reconductoring with PLGs

Facility Voltage(kV)

Overload(%)

Hugo – Hardy 230 kV 104

Hardy – Sidney  230 kV 104

Marlin – Nestor  115 kV 102

Reliability can be achieved at less than 30% the cost of conventional solution. 

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Page 14: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

Applications: Capacity in Congested Regions PJM Locational Deliverability Areas (LDAs)• PowerLine Guardian technology can increase 

the transmission capability and reduce the need for expensive capacity payments. 

• In the PJM capacity auctions cleared in the West at about $10 k/MW and in the East at high as $90 k/MW for the year.  

• Utilizing SWG technology to increase transmission capability from West to East there is potential for savings of ~$80 k/MW of increased transmission capability. 

• Below are just a few transactions that could support increased capacity and savings in PJM.

Link Node A LDA @ Node A Node B LDA @ 

Node B

Increased Capacity (MW)

Total Units (#)

Total Savings ($MM/yr)

Payback (yr)

1 AEP RTO BGE SWMAAC 518 1038 $37.5 0.32 AEP RTO PEPCO SWMAAC 640 2058 $46.3 0.43 DLCO RTO BGE SWMAAC 446 750 $32.3 0.24 DLCO RTO DPL EMAAC 463 1059 $36.7 0.35 DLCO RTO PEPCO SWMAAC 474 723 $34.3 0.2

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Page 15: Power Flow Control - NEETRAC · Distributed power flow control for ... magnetizing inductance through the ... Power Line X M S M S 2 C f Control Comms

Summary• Distributed, reliable, power flow control solution

• Unique platform for sense and respond

• Utility‐led transition from the lab to commercialization

• New products currently under development in collaboration with NEETRAC

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