poverty scenario maharashtra
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Poverty Scenario MAHARASHTRA. POVERTY. Affront to Human Dignity Cost to Economy & Polity Create Vulnerability & Dependence Consequences - Non-inclusive growth social unrest instability unproductive manpower perpetuation of poverty Solution IRDP, SGSY, NRLM, ?, ?, ? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Poverty Poverty Scenario Scenario MAHARASHTRAMAHARASHTRA
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POVERTYPOVERTY Affront to Human DignityAffront to Human Dignity Cost to Economy & PolityCost to Economy & Polity Create Vulnerability & DependenceCreate Vulnerability & Dependence Consequences -Consequences -
• Non-inclusive growthNon-inclusive growth• social unrestsocial unrest• instability instability • unproductive manpowerunproductive manpower• perpetuation of poverty perpetuation of poverty
SolutionSolution• IRDP, SGSY, NRLM, ?, ?, ?IRDP, SGSY, NRLM, ?, ?, ?• No more experimentationNo more experimentationPOVERT / NRLM = PROSPERITYPOVERT / NRLM = PROSPERITY• For each village, every villagerFor each village, every villager
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‘‘POVERTY’ speaks for POVERTY’ speaks for itselfitself
PP - - PopulationPopulation - SC/ST/OBC.- SC/ST/OBC.OO - - OccupationOccupation - Landless, Labor, Artisans, - Landless, Labor, Artisans,
Marginal rain fed Marginal rain fed farmers, Lowly Service provider. farmers, Lowly Service provider.VV - - VulnerabilityVulnerability - infant mortality, early - infant mortality, early
marriages, ill health, marriages, ill health, Malnutrition, child labour. Malnutrition, child labour. EE - - EducationEducation - Illiteracy, dropouts, unemployability.- Illiteracy, dropouts, unemployability.RR - - ResourcesResources - Credit, skills, tools, raw material, - Credit, skills, tools, raw material,
livelihood access. livelihood access.TT - - TraditionsTraditions - Superstitions, practices, taboos, - Superstitions, practices, taboos,
Customs Customs Y Y - - YieldYield - Low productivity, No-growth, - Low productivity, No-growth,
peripheral market.peripheral market.
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MaharashtraMaharashtra Salient Salient FeaturesFeatures Salient FeaturesSalient Features
Area Area :: 3.08 3.08 lakh sq. km.lakh sq. km. Population (2001 Census)Population (2001 Census)
Rural Rural :: 5.57 crore (57.7 million)5.57 crore (57.7 million) Urban Urban :: 4.10 crore (41 million)4.10 crore (41 million) TotalTotal :: 9.67 crore (96.7 million)9.67 crore (96.7 million)
Rural HouseholdsRural Households :: 125 lakh (12.5 million)125 lakh (12.5 million) Rural Habitations Rural Habitations : : 9800098000
VillagesVillages :: 4250042500 GPs GPs :: 2792027920
Average population of GPAverage population of GP :: 20002000 1000 to 600001000 to 60000 :: 389389 5000 to 100005000 to 10000 :: 13601360
RainfallRainfall :: from from 300 - 6000 mm300 - 6000 mm
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POVERTY STATISTICSPOVERTY STATISTICS Rural BPL populationRural BPL population : 45 lakh families : 45 lakh families
:: 2.05 crore Villagers 2.05 crore Villagers Comprising of Comprising of
STST :: 10.80 lakh (60 lakh population)10.80 lakh (60 lakh population)SCSC :: 8.50 lakh (40 lakh population)8.50 lakh (40 lakh population)NT/ND/VJ/SBCNT/ND/VJ/SBC :: 5.00 lakh (25 lakh population)5.00 lakh (25 lakh population)OBC OBC :: 14.70 lakh (60 lakh population)14.70 lakh (60 lakh population)OthersOthers :: 6.00 lakh (24 lakh population)6.00 lakh (24 lakh population)
• According to NSSO data Maharashtra should According to NSSO data Maharashtra should have around 1.75 Cr. Rural peolple (31% of rural have around 1.75 Cr. Rural peolple (31% of rural population) & around 40 lakh rural families.population) & around 40 lakh rural families.
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District wise position (2002) as per report of Human Develop0ment CommissionDistrict wise position (2002) as per report of Human Develop0ment Commission
DistrictDistrict Per capita Per capita IncomeIncome
HDIHDI Rural BPL %Rural BPL % IMRIMR
MaharashtraMaharashtra 5486754867 0.580.58 35.735.7 3131MumbaiMumbai 8934389343 1.001.00 ---- ----
Mumbai UrbanMumbai Urban 1.001.00 ----
ThaneThane 7853178531 0.820.82 45.045.0 3030
RaigadRaigad 5707457074 0.700.70 29.729.7 2626
RatnagiriRatnagiri 4506045060 0.440.44 34.734.7 2626
SindhudurgSindhudurg 4718347183 0.600.60 39.139.1 2525
NashikNashik 5584155841 0.510.51 40.440.4 2828
DhuleDhule 3086930869 0.360.36 53.653.6 2727
NandurbarNandurbar 3051630516 0.280.28 73.073.0 4040
JalgaonJalgaon 4318443184 0.500.50 43.343.3 4141
AhmednagarAhmednagar 4785347853 0.570.57 25.025.0 2121
PunePune 7996879968 0.760.76 19.519.5 2626
SataraSatara 4700947009 0.590.59 15.515.5 2626
SangliSangli 4669946699 0.680.68 16.416.4 2525
SolapurSolapur 4505545055 0.480.48 29.329.3 3333
KolhapurKolhapur 5593155931 0.640.64 17.617.6 2525
AurangabadAurangabad 4946549465 0.570.57 28.728.7 3636
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District wise position (2002) as per report of Human Development CommissionDistrict wise position (2002) as per report of Human Development Commission
DistrictDistrict Per capita Per capita IncomeIncome
HDIHDI Rural BPL %Rural BPL % IMRIMR
JalnaJalna 3263532635 0.270.27 38.338.3 2525
ParbhaniParbhani 3616136161 0.430.43 33.233.2 2727
HingoliHingoli 2915029150 0.430.43 34.534.5 4141
BeedBeed 3167231672 0.470.47 26.026.0 3333
NandedNanded 2885328853 0.370.37 30.630.6 3636
OsmanabadOsmanabad 2915529155 0.380.38 32.832.8 2424
LaturLatur 2876428764 0.470.47 29.829.8 3131
BuldhanaBuldhana 3016530165 0.410.41 44.544.5 3838
AkolaAkola 3675036750 0.440.44 48.148.1 3131
WashimWashim 2362823628 0.360.36 43.143.1 2525
AmravatiAmravati 3371033710 0.500.50 49.649.6 3535
YavatmalYavatmal 3697936979 0.220.22 45.545.5 4444
WardhaWardha 4175741757 0.490.49 41.141.1 3131
NagpurNagpur 6059260592 0.710.71 47.447.4 3838
BhandaraBhandara 4203742037 0.460.46 51.051.0 2929
GondiaGondia 3698636986 0.460.46 57.957.9 3333
ChandrapurChandrapur 4345643456 0.410.41 47.547.5 4444
GadchiroliGadchiroli 2437024370 0.210.21 55.055.0 2828
MaharashtraMaharashtra 5486754867 0.580.58 35.735.7 3131
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Percentage of poor by Regions in MaharashtraPercentage of poor by Regions in Maharashtra
RegionRegion
RuralRural
1993-941993-94 1999-001999-00 2004-052004-05
Kokan (Excl. Mum)Kokan (Excl. Mum) 15.215.2 18.4.18.4. 3030
Western Mah (Excl. Anagar)Western Mah (Excl. Anagar) 24.924.9 10.710.7 17.517.5
Khandesh (incl. A’nagar)Khandesh (incl. A’nagar) 47.347.3 31.831.8 35.535.5
MarathwadaMarathwada 49.849.8 24.224.2 2929
Amaravati Divn.Amaravati Divn. 49.149.1 31.731.7 4040
Nagpur Divn.Nagpur Divn. 49.349.3 41.941.9 5050
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Skewed Poverty Distribution in Skewed Poverty Distribution in the Statethe State
Maharashtra is :-Maharashtra is :- Rich state Rich state -- NationallyNationally
Poor state Poor state -- LocallyLocally
Mumbai, Coop Processing & Dairy movement, 58% service Mumbai, Coop Processing & Dairy movement, 58% service sector contribution to GSDP, lower(12%) agri. Sector sector contribution to GSDP, lower(12%) agri. Sector contribution but from cash crops creates a perception of contribution but from cash crops creates a perception of affluenceaffluence
But 58% rural population still generates their livelihood from But 58% rural population still generates their livelihood from agricultureagriculture
Majority of them from low end ari. Activities & laborMajority of them from low end ari. Activities & labor
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• Area : 3390 sq.km. (1% of state area)• Population : 2.30 crore (54% of urban
& 24% of state population)• Per Capita income : Rs.85000 (54867- State Avg.) • HDI : 0.91 (0.58)• G S D P proportion : 45%
Mumbai Metropolitan Region
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8 Contagious Municipal Corporations8 Contagious Municipal Corporations . .• Mumbai, Thane, Kalyan-Dombivli, Ulhasnagar, Mumbai, Thane, Kalyan-Dombivli, Ulhasnagar,
Bhiwandi, Mira-Bhayandar, Vasai-Virar, Navi-Bhiwandi, Mira-Bhayandar, Vasai-Virar, Navi-Mumbai.Mumbai.
• Ambernath & Badlapur on the verge of becoming Ambernath & Badlapur on the verge of becoming municipal corporationsmunicipal corporations
• 9 other Municipalities, 55 Villages 9 other Municipalities, 55 Villages 25 k.m. from the periphery of Mumbai Metropolitan Region the Tribal Area of thane District starts25 k.m. from the periphery of Mumbai Metropolitan Region the Tribal Area of thane District starts Shahapur, Jawhar, Mokhada, Vada, Talasari, Dahanu.Shahapur, Jawhar, Mokhada, Vada, Talasari, Dahanu. Hard core Tribal areaHard core Tribal area Miles away from DevelopmentMiles away from Development 90% BPL Families (45% of these rural population)90% BPL Families (45% of these rural population) HDI much below State Average (0.23)HDI much below State Average (0.23) No market access (except warli paintings)No market access (except warli paintings) MalnutritionMalnutrition Agriculture, labour, minor forest produce collection Agriculture, labour, minor forest produce collection
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Poverty relevant Areas - Poverty relevant Areas - MaharashtraMaharashtra
12 Districts under Panchayat Extension to Schedule Area 12 Districts under Panchayat Extension to Schedule Area (PESA)(PESA) Spread over whole stateSpread over whole state
49 PESA Intermediate Panchayats49 PESA Intermediate Panchayats 5000 PESA GPs5000 PESA GPs Tribal Population Tribal Population : 86 lakh : 86 lakh (16% of Rural Population – 9% of total (16% of Rural Population – 9% of total
population)population) 4 Districts are Minority dominated4 Districts are Minority dominated
Hingoli, Parbhani, Buldhana, WashimHingoli, Parbhani, Buldhana, Washim Minority population : State - 15.6% (4 Districts - 35%)Minority population : State - 15.6% (4 Districts - 35%)6 Districts affected by LWE (Naxalism)6 Districts affected by LWE (Naxalism) Gadchiroli, Gondia, Nanded, Yavatmal, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Gondia, Nanded, Yavatmal, Chandrapur,
Bhandara.Bhandara.25 Districts & 172 Blocks have HDI below state Avg. 27 Dist. 25 Districts & 172 Blocks have HDI below state Avg. 27 Dist.
Have PCI below state Avg.Have PCI below state Avg.
- PESA Districts in Maharashtra
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- LWE affected districts in Maharashtra
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- Minority Dominated Dist. in Maharashtra
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- Districts having PCI above State Avg.
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Diversity in Poverty- ExamplesDiversity in Poverty- Examples
According to UNDP/GOI Maharashtra is Ranked 4According to UNDP/GOI Maharashtra is Ranked 4thth (HDI-0.523) (HDI-0.523) only after Kerala, Punjab, Hariyana.only after Kerala, Punjab, Hariyana.
State reproduced & declared its First District wise HDI report in State reproduced & declared its First District wise HDI report in 2002 based on 2002 based on PCI, Education, IMR.PCI, Education, IMR. It is 0.58 for state as a whole (Taking Mumbai HDI as 1)It is 0.58 for state as a whole (Taking Mumbai HDI as 1) 26 Districts have HDI below state Avg.26 Districts have HDI below state Avg.
Gadchiroli HDI-0.21, Yavatmal-0.22 taking Mumbai HDI asGadchiroli HDI-0.21, Yavatmal-0.22 taking Mumbai HDI as 11
State has gone a step further Block wise HDI computed 172 blocks have HDI below state Avg.
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Diversity in Poverty- ExamplesDiversity in Poverty- Examples PUNE PUNE Most developed district (19.5% BPL)Most developed district (19.5% BPL)
Having 3 tribal talukas - Junnar, Ambegaon and KhedHaving 3 tribal talukas - Junnar, Ambegaon and Khed Hilly areas of Maval & MulshiHilly areas of Maval & Mulshi Rainshadow areas of Indapur & DaundRainshadow areas of Indapur & Daund Proximity to Mumbai MarketProximity to Mumbai Market Coop Movement, High Industrilisation has some trickle Coop Movement, High Industrilisation has some trickle
down effects in Hilly & Tribal areas.down effects in Hilly & Tribal areas. Floriculture. Vegetable, Onion Floriculture. Vegetable, Onion Still few individual villages with rampant poverty Still few individual villages with rampant poverty Though Comparatively less than state poverty Avg.(35%)Though Comparatively less than state poverty Avg.(35%)
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NASHIKNASHIK
Industrially developed district.Industrially developed district.
Winery of Maharashtra,Winery of Maharashtra, Agriculture, Horticulture growth, OnionAgriculture, Horticulture growth, Onion Has substantial tribal populationHas substantial tribal population BPL Family - 41%BPL Family - 41%
Benefits not gone to the tribals to the desired Benefits not gone to the tribals to the desired extentextent Poverty lives with plentyPoverty lives with plenty
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AHEMEDNAGARAHEMEDNAGAR
Maximum Sugar Factories in any district of the Maximum Sugar Factories in any district of the
StateState Tribal Area in Akola Tahsil Tribal Area in Akola Tahsil
Avg. district poverty - 25%Avg. district poverty - 25% Tribal poverty - 50%Tribal poverty - 50%
Most of the District is in rain shadow areaMost of the District is in rain shadow area Excellent water shade development practicesExcellent water shade development practices
High % of BPL IN High % of BPL IN Rainshadow area where water guzzling crops not takenRainshadow area where water guzzling crops not taken Tribal area where dam is situated, Benefits not accrued to Tribal area where dam is situated, Benefits not accrued to
Tribals Tribals
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NAGPURNAGPUR Second Capital Second Capital
BPL – 48%BPL – 48% Tribal population in one TalukaTribal population in one Taluka Benefits by Psuedo tribals.Benefits by Psuedo tribals.
NANDURBAR, GADCHIROLINANDURBAR, GADCHIROLI are fully PESA are fully PESA DistrictsDistricts
BPLBPL HDIHDI PCIPCI
NandurbarNandurbar 73%73% 0.280.28 3051630516
GadchiroliGadchiroli 55%55% 0.210.21 2437024370
State State AverageAverage
35%35% 0.580.58 5486754867
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Agriculture related Poverty issuesAgriculture related Poverty issues Western MaharashtraWestern Maharashtra
Less average holding, more production Less average holding, more production particularly, sugarcane growth particularly, sugarcane growth but also poor talukas like Radhanagari (Kolhapur), Maan/Khatav but also poor talukas like Radhanagari (Kolhapur), Maan/Khatav
(Satara).(Satara).
Ratnagiri and SindhudurgRatnagiri and Sindhudurg Horticultural development through EGSHorticultural development through EGS
Below Poverty Line percentage is below state average (30%)Below Poverty Line percentage is below state average (30%) Tribal and Scheduled Caste population insignificantTribal and Scheduled Caste population insignificant Non tribals, non scheduled caste could take EGS benefitsNon tribals, non scheduled caste could take EGS benefits
But textile workers from Mumbai remigrated to But textile workers from Mumbai remigrated to these areasthese areas
Created some adverse social & economic effects aggreivating povertyCreated some adverse social & economic effects aggreivating poverty
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JALGAON, DHULEJALGAON, DHULE Banana, Grapes are main cash cropsBanana, Grapes are main cash crops Mostly by non-Mostly by non- tribals tribals
BPL population not benefited significantly BPL population not benefited significantly Jalgaon BPL % – 43%Jalgaon BPL % – 43%
Dhule separated from fully tribal district – Dhule separated from fully tribal district –
NandurbarNandurbar
Dhule BPL Dhule BPL –– 53% 53%
Nandurbar BPL Nandurbar BPL – – 73%73%
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VIDARBHAVIDARBHA AssetAsset Poverty Poverty
More holding, less productionMore holding, less production Cause of suicides (?)Cause of suicides (?)
EntrepreneurialEntrepreneurial povertypoverty No advantage taken of EGS ProgrammesNo advantage taken of EGS Programmes
ProductivityProductivity povertypoverty Below average cotton productionBelow average cotton production
Nation – State – Vidarbha - YavatmalNation – State – Vidarbha - Yavatmal
Skill Poverty Textile Industry should be prominant source of livelihood other textile developed areas
Bhiwandi, Malegaon, Ichalkaranji, Solapur, Paithan, Yevala
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Minor Forest ProduceMinor Forest Produce
Raw material available but skills are also equally Raw material available but skills are also equally rawraw
Bamboo and TenduBamboo and Tendu State MonopolyState Monopoly Not included in MFPNot included in MFP Tribals involved in collection onlyTribals involved in collection only No processing activities in the hands of tribalsNo processing activities in the hands of tribals Bidi & paper Industry in private hands Bidi & paper Industry in private hands Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Gondia, Bhandara, Nagpur, Yavatmal.Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Gondia, Bhandara, Nagpur, Yavatmal.
Annual realisation – Rs. 1000 crore for Bamboo + TenduAnnual realisation – Rs. 1000 crore for Bamboo + Tendu Processing would multiply many fold value additionProcessing would multiply many fold value addition Ownership of other 32 MFP legally transferred to community through Ownership of other 32 MFP legally transferred to community through
Panchayats Panchayats No visible effect on poverty eradication in above districts No visible effect on poverty eradication in above districts
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Industrial ProductionIndustrial Production 26% GSDP generated from Industry 26% GSDP generated from Industry
BPLs have hardly any share in Industrial BPLs have hardly any share in Industrial
production production
Mostly in agro based Industries through co-op. Mostly in agro based Industries through co-op.
sectorsector
Micro-Enterprise activities by village artisans are Micro-Enterprise activities by village artisans are
also not much, though a lot of scope exists also not much, though a lot of scope exists
Need to develop supply chain involving BPL Micro-Need to develop supply chain involving BPL Micro-
Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs
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Service SectorService Sector 52% SGDP generated from service sector 52% SGDP generated from service sector
However share of BPLs is confined to low However share of BPLs is confined to low value, bottom level servicesvalue, bottom level services
Organised efforts to create demand-supply Organised efforts to create demand-supply chain not very much successful under SGSY chain not very much successful under SGSY
Skill honing, linkage with demand side failed Skill honing, linkage with demand side failed to take of barring certain sectors to take of barring certain sectors
Garment, Beauty Parlor, Midday Meal supply, Garment, Beauty Parlor, Midday Meal supply, computersation, domestic servant provisioning computersation, domestic servant provisioning are certain sectors which can claim moderate are certain sectors which can claim moderate success success
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Way ForwardWay Forward How to ensure inclusive & broad based How to ensure inclusive & broad based
growthgrowth Providing scope for BPLs to get due shareProviding scope for BPLs to get due share
Strong organisational set up of the poor, for Strong organisational set up of the poor, for the poor, by the poorthe poor, by the poor
Processes needs to be followed faithfully Processes needs to be followed faithfully Identification of the poor Identification of the poor Dedicated & sensitive manpower to deal with Dedicated & sensitive manpower to deal with
the taskthe task Role of credit institutions is most crucial Role of credit institutions is most crucial Skill development & capacity building Skill development & capacity building
arrangements is a key factorarrangements is a key factor
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Percentage of Rural Poor in Maharashtra and IndiaPercentage of Rural Poor in Maharashtra and India
MaharashtraMaharashtra IndiaIndia
Rural Rural Rural Rural
1973-741973-74 57.757.7 56.456.4
19831983 45.245.2 45.745.7
1993-941993-94 37.937.9 37.337.3
1999-001999-00 23.723.7 27.127.1
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Head count Ratio of Poverty By Social Groups, Maharashtra Head count Ratio of Poverty By Social Groups, Maharashtra 1999-2000 (%)1999-2000 (%)
IndicatorIndicator STST SCSC OBCOBC OthersOthers TotalTotal
Poverty Ratio (HCR)Poverty Ratio (HCR) 44.2044.20 31.6431.64 21.8921.89 12.7812.78 23.2223.22
Population Share Population Share 16.6316.63 13.0113.01 30.2730.27 40.1040.10 100.00100.00
Contribution to total Contribution to total HCRHCR
31.6631.66 17.7317.73 28.5428.54 22.0722.07 100.00100.00