Reducing poverty why ??

Ms : Heba Hassan - +249906850429

MDGs

• Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

• The United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight goals that all 191 UN member states have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015

• The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000 commits world leaders to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women

• The MDGs are derived from this Declaration, and all have specific targets and indicators.

The Eight Millennium Development Goals are:

• to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger;• to achieve universal primary education;• to promote gender equality and empower women;• to reduce child mortality;• to improve maternal health;• to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases;• to ensure environmental sustainability; and• to develop a global partnership for development.

Poverty

• It is a state of human being exclusion from material basic needs gratification. It is represented in the following:

1- Reduction of food consumption qualitatively and quantitatively (Malnutrition).

Unavailability of appropriate housing and cloths.

Difficulty of gaining potable water.

Poor health status and education

Exclusion from obtaining basic goods and other physical assets.

Inability to faceing disease, disability, unemployment, disasters and crises

Types of poverty• The domain: material and non-material poverty.• The out reach : individual and group poverty.• The period of time: temporary poverty (shock),

seasonal poverty and permanent poverty.• Measurement: comparative and outright poverty.• Location: rural and urban poverty.• Effects on a specific category in the society: women,

older and children poverty

Factors of poverty

• economic, social, politic, cultural and environmental factors.

Case study

What is the poverty vicious circle?

• Poverty vicious circle means staying continuously in a regressive living standard resulting from an overlapping reasons and consequences making the overcoming of this circle a very tough matter. It is shown in

What is the poverty vicious circle?

Poverty Inability to face

basic need

Low productivity

Financial exclusion

Lose asset

How to breakdown the poverty vicious circle?

The scientific experiments show two strategies to break it:

First: obtaining productive assets:Second: Education:

First: obtaining productive assets:

Productive assets can be obtained through:• Savings gathering.• Donations and supply.• Small loans

Second: Education:

Education does not only pave the way for achieving a higher income, but also it enables the family members to better and rationally manage its financial resources. But at the same time, the enrollment of the poor families' sons in the schools involves a high cost in the following:

• Study fees and stationery costs.• Alternative opportunity cost represented in

wasted income resulting from the abandoning of income-generating activities in order to study.

Braking the Poverty Vicious Circle

poverty

Inability to face basic need

Expand activity

Increase income

Educate children