ERADICATION AND PREVENTION OF DISEASE

OUTBURST IN CONTROLLED SHED

POULTRY FARMS

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

• Abstract• Introduction to poultry industry• Poultry diseases• Proposed research project

– Aim

• Reason to chose this project– Scientific scope– Industrial scope

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

• Related Research• Discussion

– Diseases– Solutions

• Time division (Phases)• Outcome / Results

ABSTRACTABSTRACT

• Broiler meat is the cheapest source of animal protein available in the country.

• Due to increased demand of poultry meat in the country, broiler meat production has become a full fledged business which is getting more and more attention of investors directly or indirectly

• The proposed project is to assist poultry farmers to save them from losses they may suffer

ABSTRACTABSTRACT

• The early age diseases can be uncontrollable at times and may pose serious threats. The producers panic and often think and behave irrationally. These diseases are generally given birth by human error and lack of transparency.

• It is very essential for the scientific community to study the methodology of the spread of these diseases.

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO POULTRY INDUSTRYPOULTRY INDUSTRY

• Historyo In early 1960’s, first commercial hatchery was

established in Karachi by PIA in collaboration with “Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms”.

o First commercial feed mil was established by “Lever Brothers Pakistan” at RahimYarKhan

• Economical Aspecto Poultry is rapidly growing industry in Pakistan

providing employment to 1.5 million people.

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO POULTRY INDUSTRYPOULTRY INDUSTRY

o The current investment on poultry industry is above Rs. 200 billion.

o Poultry sector has shown a robust growth at the rate of 8-10% annually which reflects its inherent potential

o Poultry industry of Pakistan provides 4.81% agriculture growth and 9.84% agriculture growth and 19% of total meat production.

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO POULTRY INDUSTRYPOULTRY INDUSTRY

• Health Aspecto According to the World Health Organization

standards the required daily dietary protein allowance from animal source is 27 grams whereas we have much less than this(10-14 grams).

oIn our Country per capita consumption of meat is only 5-7 kg and 40-45 eggs annually whereas developed countries are consuming 41 kg meat and over 300 Eggs per capita per year.

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO POULTRY INDUSTRYPOULTRY INDUSTRY

• Sector information

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO POULTRY INDUSTRYPOULTRY INDUSTRY

• Breeding

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO POULTRY INDUSTRYPOULTRY INDUSTRY

• Poultry Farms– Environmentally controlled shed (ECS)– Conventional open-side shed (COS)

POULTRY DISEASESPOULTRY DISEASES

• Only two poultry diseases, highly pathogenic avian influenza (fowl plague/Bird flue) and Newcastle disease, are included in the OIE List A diseases (FAO1/OIE2/WHO3, 1997). However, thirteen more are included in List B and five in List C.

• While these diseases are important, serious economic loss also results from other diseases that are not subject to international reporting. These include non-infectious diseases, external and internal parasites, and diseases of more local significance such as hydropericardium syndrome. The available information on occurrence of the OIE List A and List B poultry diseases is below

POULTRY DISEASESPOULTRY DISEASES• Disease problems have posed a serious threat to the sound

development and consolidation of the poultry industry. The large Karachi poultry estates began to close in 1984 and a number of poultry farms closed in other areas of Sindh. Production showed a decreased growth or even depression during early 1980 particularly of increases in the Punjab, Baluchistan and NWFP.  

• Faced with disease problems, lower productivity and numerous environmental and climatic difficulties, some of more successful farmers decided to produce under more modernized conditions and to establish their poultry farms in cooler, less polluted area of the country. Breeding farms in Karachi and Punjab thus relocated to Abbotabad, to the base of the Murree Hills and to the Valley of Quetta. The farmers also built houses with controlled environments for breeders, broilers and commercial layers.

POULTRY DISEASESPOULTRY DISEASES

• In 1990 the farmers suffered a great loss due to Hydro pericardium syndrome specially the farmers of Broiler and Broiler Breeder Birds. In 1991-92 an other disease Gumboro attacked the chicks of broiler, layer and parent flock that resulted in great mortality. With the passage of time efforts to reduce the incidence of these diseases and prophylaxes regarding vaccination and bio-security were done, this also resulted in establishment of new medicine companies and the importation of vaccines form abroad started. At national level institutes like Poultry Research Institute, Veterinary Research Institute and Agriculture University Faisalabad also made efforts to reduce these diseases.

• In 1995 a new disease Avian Influenza appeared in Murree and Abbotabad and mortality in parent flock rose up to 80%. Conferences at the diagnosis of this disease were conducted in which scientists discussed their point of views, and measures were adopted that resulted in partial control of the disease. In 1999 again a syndrome like influenza broke that caused great loss in some areas while others were safe. Still there are many threats to the poultry industry a proper planning along with necessary safety measures is required in this regard.

PROPOSED RESEARCH PROPOSED RESEARCH PROJECTPROJECT

• The title of research project is:– Prevention of disease outburst in

controlled shed poultry farms

PROPOSED RESEARCH PROPOSED RESEARCH PROJECTPROJECT

• Mortality rate of poultry can not be eliminated completely.

• There is a general trend of mortality as shown:

AIMAIM

• Most of the poultry diseases are limited to digestive system.

• Even if the poultry is diseased, the meat (or tissues) are not harmful for human consumption (after cooking).

• Complete loss of chicken can be avoided

WHY THIS PROJECT?WHY THIS PROJECT?

• There are many advantages to chose this project, some of them are mentioned below:– Industrial scope:

• Due to growing health awareness, meat demand is increasing in the country.

• Billions of rupees have been invested in poultry industry.

• Any project which can save investor’s money will surely attract masses.

WHY THIS PROJECT?WHY THIS PROJECT?

– Scientific scope:• Very little research is done in this field so

far, so it provides us with ample opportunities.

• This research project may open new dimensions of:

– Image processing,– Sound recognition and processing,– Data handling (maintaining database and

comparing results to generate final output)

SO WHAT DO WE DO?SO WHAT DO WE DO?

• Various techniques have been researched, but not all are equally effective. The following have shown considerable potential, though:– IRT (Infrared Thermography)– Hyperspecteral Fluorescence Imaging

Technique

IRT (INFRARED IRT (INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY)THERMOGRAPHY)

• Research has shown that IRT can be used to detect some diseases before the development of clinical signs and shedding of the pathogen, which may reduce transmission of diseases.

• This research often focuses on identifying a thermal pattern that may be unique for the disease.

IRT (Infrared Thermography)IRT (Infrared Thermography)

• Avian Influenza, commonly referred to as “Bird Flu”, detected through IRT.

• A chicken inoculation with highly pathogenic avian influenza had a max temperature of 33.1°C (91.6°F) while a control chicken had a max temperature of 30.7°C (87.3°F). Both images were taken on same day.

HYPERSPECTRAL HYPERSPECTRAL FLUORESCENCE IMAGING FLUORESCENCE IMAGING

TECHNIQUETECHNIQUE

• This method is used to detect skin tumors on poultry carcasses for secure production of disease free meat, crucial in mass production.

• The method may also be used for live poultry.

Hyperspectral FluoresceHyperspectral Fluorescence Imaging Techniquence Imaging Technique

Hyperspectral fluorescenHyperspectral fluorescence imaging techniquece imaging technique

• A hyperspectral image of chicken carcasses consists of 460*400 pixels with 65 spectral bands. The spectral band had discrete wavelengths from 425.4 nm to 710.7 nm. The representative emission plot of poultry skin and tumor 

Hyperspectral FluoresceHyperspectral Fluorescence Imaging Techniquence Imaging Technique

DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

• There are many diseases related to the poultry, but they vary from region to region and type of poultry (chickens, turkey, etc)

• Initially our aim will be to visit various farms and meet as many different vetnery doctors as possible to generate a detail list of diseases commonly found in our poultry industry.

DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

• We will also procure documentation on flock history of different sheds spread throughout the country.

• After gathering required data on poultry diseases, joint sessions will be held with vetnery doctors to discuss the symptoms of these diseases and how we may remotely detect them.

DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

• The next phase will be based on the research pertaining to the detection of these diseases using the available resources of image processing, sound recognition, temperature sensing, and various other methods discovered in the course of events.

DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

• The manufacturing of prototype based on the information gained so far will be our next step.

• The prototype will be installed in different sheds to check their reliability and to trouble shoot them.

• Once the prototype is finalized, we can move to mass production of our product.

TIME DIVISIONTIME DIVISION

Outcome

• In the long run, Insha Allah we shall be able to minimize loss due to disease and epidemic outbreaks, which will decrease overall health hazards for us.

• Once we are done with this phase, corporations like FANCOM can also be contacted for future endeavors, reverse engineering can open up further horizons.

References

1. NBP R & D and Training Wing, Agriculture Finance Group, Head Office, Lahore. Dr. Nasir Mahmood Nasir Tel: +92 42 99232105

2. Pakistan Poultry Association; www.ppapaknorthern.com

3. www.smeda.org.pk

4. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0120-06902010000100002&script=sci_arttext

References

• http://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/253/mortality-patterns-associated-with-commercial-broiler-production

• http://hindpoultry.com/news_view.php?newsid=46