potash003 2udon thani

8/13/2019 Potash003 2Udon Thani

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POTASH IN UDORN AND THE ENVIRONMENT

1. POTASH : AN OVERVIEW

2. POTASH MINING AND THE ENVIRONMENT

3. UNDERGROUND MINING AND SURFACE SUBSIDENCE

- CASE HISTORIES

4. UDORN THANI POTASH MINING PROJECT

- ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Asst. Prof. Laa ArchwichaiDept. of Geotechnology , KKU 12 Mar. 2003RDI , KKU. 13:00 - 15:00 Hrs


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UDON THANI POTASH MINE

1. Project Characteristics

- Potash Deposits: 300 - 350 m. deep

(South Field) ( 200 - 400 m. deep)

.. Sylvinite bed : 6 km. North-South

- 10 m. thick

- Gently dips east

- Mine Extent : - 25 km2

- Mine Site : - 1.7 km2

- Mining Method : - Underground mining ; Room and

Pillar method.

- Mining Life : - 22 yrs( 25 -30 yrs)

- Production Capacity: - 2 mil. tonnes/year


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Udon Thani Potash Mine Site Layout


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4Udon Thani Potash Project Area.


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- Reserves:.. South Field : - 300 mil. tonnes

.. North Field : - 1,000 mil. tonnes

- Potash Processing : - Flotation Process(separation of potash

from salt and other mixture)

2. Potash Flotation Process : -- > see flow chart

3. Environmental Management System(EMS).---->

Follow ISO 14001

.. EMS Concerns/Framework :

+ Planning

+ Allocation of Resources

+ Assignment of responsibilities

+ On-going evaluation of practices , procedures , processes

and performance


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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

1. Subsidence

2. Salt Water/Brine

3. Tailings/Mine Wastes

4. Salt Emissions and salinization

5. Water Management

SUBSIDENCE

- Shallow underground mining and surface subsidence.

.. Coal mines/Case Histories. ---- Colorado Coal Mine , U.S.A.

.. Salt Mine Surface collapse /Case histories


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2. SALT WATER/ BRINE :- Sources : - Potash processing

- Site runoff and surface operation

- Tailing pile runoff

- Groundwater pumping from mine construction

(Groundwater control and groundwater

lowering)

- Storage Pond/Brine Pond

- Evaporation Process - Solid Residues(Salt and solid mixture)

- Condensate(< 10 mg/L salt)

- Condensate Pond/Monitoring Pond

- Discharge Effluence(based on standards)


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3. TAILINGS MANAGEMENT : (see Fact Sheet)

- Waste Generation : 14,000 tonnes/day (small sized tailings : < 1

mm. dia.)

- Tailings Pile Design : - 1 km2 area

- 40 m. high

- 32 degree slope angle

- Backfill after 6 years of operation

4. SALT EMISSIONS AND SALINIZATION (see Fact Sheet)

- Sylvinite - Sylvite (KCl) + Halite(NaCl)5. WATER SUPPLY :(SEE Fact Sheet)

- Water Use - Potable water

- Cleaning water

- Production process


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- Water Source - Groundwater (primary)

- Demand - 1,000,000 cu.m./year

- Period of use - During the construction phase of the

project.

During the operation phase , no groundwater will be used.

--------------------------------


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MINE TYPES / MINING METHODS

Surface mining: Area surface

mines ,Contour mining , Open pit

mining

Drift MineUnderground Mining : shaft mines,

slope mines and drift mines

Slope MineShaft Mine


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Room and pillar method:--conventional mining and continuous mining

Conventional miningis the oldest method and accounts for only about

12% of underground ore output. In conventional mining, the ore seam is cut,

drilled, blasted and then loaded into cars.

Continuous miningis the most prevalent form of underground mining,accounting for 56% of total underground production. In continuous mining, a

machine known as a continuous minercuts the ore from the mining face,

obviating the need for drilling and blasting.

Longwall mininggenerally the deepest mines, now accounts for about

31% of underground coal production. There are about 100 longwall

operations in the United States, most of these mines are in the Appalachians.


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Room and pillar mining method


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MRP: Modified Room and PillarRPB: Room and Pillar Basic

Room and Pillar : Panel


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Room and Pillar :Check

BoardRoom and Pillar : Blind


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Continuous miner Different view of continuous miner

Mining machine

MINING MACHINES


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Stress relief mining Roof bolting

Shuttle cars Blast Drilling


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Stress measurement

Potash working face

Conveyor feeding bunker Booster fan ventilator


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21Tunnel support using rock bolting

TUNNEL SUPPORTS


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Roof boltingContinuous miner

Mining machine


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Mine map

Extent of the mine

GROUND SURFACE SUBSIDENCE AND DAMAGE


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Subsidence of surface from underground workings.


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Surface depression Surface depression

Surface subsidence

Surface collapse


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Surface subsidence

Surface collapse Surface collapse


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Structural damage from subsidence Subsidence damage

Collapsed hole

Structural damage


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Damage from surface

collapse Road damage from surface collapse


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