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report on the work of the local boards of Assam has

appeared from which I extract the curious information thatwhile over a lakh of rupees was spent on dispensaries andmore money still on education only Rs. 8228 (under .E600)were spent in sanitation. This amount was directed chieflyto improvements of water-supply by the construction of newtanks and wells and in the clearance and repair of oldtanks. The absurdly small amount is another illustra-tion of the general neglect of sanitation, as this isfor a whole province and not merely for one or two towns.Cawnpore city, with a population of 180,000, is at last tobe provided with an underground system of drainage. Themain sewer is completed and runs for nearly seven milesfrom one end of the native city, through the cantonment,to the river Ganges, but the subsidiary sewers are now beingconstructed. Unfortunately it is reported that plague hasagain developed in this city and is rapidly assuming alarmingproportions.The mortality from plague throughout India has again

made a halt in its otherwise rapid rise of the past few weeks.The last figures show 16,300 deaths for the week, distributedover India as follows :-Central Provinces, 1401 ; HyderabadState, 1145 ; Mysore State, 761 ; Madras Presidency, 231 ;United Provinces, 156 ; Bengal, 123; Bombay city, 64 ;Rajputana, 59 ; Bombay Presidency, 10,386 ; Central India,1585 ; Punjab, 353 ; Calcutta, 17 ; and Karachi, 3.

Oct. 30th. _______________

THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO : OPENINGOF THE NEW MEDICAL SCHOOL

AND LABORATORIES.(FROM A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.)

THE ceremonies in connexion with the opening of the newmedical school and laboratories of the University of Torontomarked an episode of considerable importance. Althoughthe occasion was the opening of the building it was also,in a measure, the celebration of the amalgamation of thetwo great medical faculties of the Province of Ontario-viz., that of Trinity College, Toronto (also a Universitywith the usual faculties), and that of the University ofToronto. The ceremonies were initiated with a luncheongiven by the Dean, Dr. Reeve, to his colleagues and anumber of distinguished guests on Oct. lst in the eastexamination hall. The toast of " His Majesty the King" "

having been duly honoured Dr. Reeve gave the toast of TheLieutenant-Governor," the Visitor of the University. TheLieutenant-Governor, Mr. Mortimer Clarke, who has warmlysupported the University for more than 40 years and whohas taken an active interest in the medical faculty from its

inception, having responded, the chairman next proposed thehealth of Professor Goldwin Smith whom he described as theNestor of university graduates present. In his reply ProfessorSmith referred to the approaching realisation of universityfederation in Ontario, as evidenced by the union of themedical faculties of Toronto and Trinity, and eulogised themedical profession, of which his father had been a member,for the services it had rendered to mankind.At the conclusion of the luncheon the company adjourned

to the north lecture theatre of the new building where Mr.John Hoskin, LL.D., on behalf of the board of trustees,presented the keys of the building to Dr. Loudon, thePresident of the University. Dr. Hoskin congratulated theUniversity upon the fact that in spite of a disordered labourmarket and troublous timesi n the financial world the new

building had been erected and furnished in 14 months. Hereferred warmly to the interest taken by the Government inthe progres s of the University as evidenced by promises offuture grants.

Dr. LOUDON, after accepting the keys and presenting thethanks of the University to the board of trustees, gave inoutline the history of medical education in Toronto.The PRESIDENT then introduced Professor C. S. SHER-

RINGTON who delivered the inaugural address on Medicineand Science in the Modern University, which was publishedin THE LANCET of Nov. 7th, p. 1273.

Addresses were then delivered by the following gentlemenwho brought messages of congratulation from their respectiveuniversities : Professor WELCH, of Johns Hopkins University ;Professor CHITTENDEN, of Yale University ; ProfessorTOWNSEND PORTER, of Harvard University ; ProfessorRODDICK, Dean of the Medical Faculty of McGill Univer-sity ; Professor A. C. ABBOTT, of the University of

Pennsylvania ; Professor J. P. MCMURRICH, of the Universityof Michigan (a graduate of Toronto) ; Professor BARKER, ofChicago University (also a graduate of Toronto) ; andProfessor ROSWELL PARK, of the University of Buffalo.

In the evening Professor W. OSLER delivered an address tothe students entitled "The Master Word in Medicine" whichwas full of pleasant reminiscences of his own student daysat the University of Toronto.

Dr. REEVE followed, speaking with great energy in spiteof being partially disabled by an attack of influenza. Hesaid that it was in accordance with the fitness of things thatthe medical faculty of the University, as the senior faculty,should put away childish things and set an example ofsensible conduct to the undergraduate body and he con-gratulated his hearei s upon their orderly behaviour throughoutthe ceremony. He pointed out that they were celebrating theopening of a building for medical instruction, complete in allits details, for the first time in the province. They had thefirst example given to the world of the unit system of

laboratory construction devised by Dr. Minot of Harvard.

They were also incidentally celebrating the union of twomedical faculties which had been working side by side foryears in honourable rivalry but in hindrance of the fulldevelopment of each. He particularly referred to the ex-pense and difficulty of maintaining even one complete systemof laboratories for medical instruction and to the foolishwaste which resulted in any attempt to duplicate such in-struction. In his concluding remarks he expressed the hopethat the students would ponder over the words which hadfallen from Professor Osler and that they would rememberthat they had been listening to one who was once an under-graduate like themselves in the University of Toronto butwho by virtue of the talisman work" was to-day themedical author most widely read in Great Britain and themost distinguished clinician in the United States.An address from Dr. J. A. TEMPLE of Trinity College

terminated the proceedings of the day.On Oct. 2nd addresses were delivered in the north lecture

theatre by several of the visiting professors, including Pro-fessor W. W. KEEN, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia,Professor WELCH, Professor J. G. ADAMI of McGill Uni-

versity, and Professor ABBOTT. In the south lecture roomaddresses were delivered by Professor CHITTENDEN, ProfessorSHERRINGTON, Professor BARKER, and Professor PORTER,the last of whom pointed out that it was not what one knewfrom the point of view of theory that was all-important butthe knowledge of the manner in which the facts andgeneralisations of physiology were obtained. Visits werethen made to the new laboratories and lecture rooms of theaffiliated Royal College of Dental Surgeons under the guid-ance of the dean of the department, after which thePresident of the Union of Faculties gave a luncheon.At a special convocation the following gentlemen, as

already announced in THE LANCET of Oct. 31st, p. 1249,received the degree of LL. D. honoris cccusa from the handsof the Vice-Chancellor, the Hon. Charles Moss, ChiefJustice of Ontario ; Professor Keen, Professor Welch, Pro-fessor Osler, Professor Chittenden, Professor Sherrington,and, in absentid, Professor Bowditch.The ceremonies came to a conclusion with a dinner given

by the Faculty of Medicine to over 100 guests, the speakersincluding the Hon. Richard Harcourt, Minister of Education ;Professor Irving H. Cameron, Professor Osler, Professor Keen,Professor SberringtoD, Professor Welch, Mr. Byron E. Walker,Dr. James H. Richardson, and Mr. Alfred Mosley, C.M.G.,who we need hardly remind our readers equipped and main-tained an ambulance and nursing staff in South Africaduring the war and who subsequently sent out a labourcommission to the United States and is nQw supporting aneducational commission to the same country.

POST-GRADUATE WORK ABROAD.

(BY A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.)

V. FLORENCE.1A SERIES of what are known as private courses in various

subjects is given yearly in connexion with the Royal Institutefor Superior Studies of Florence. These courses, which are

1 No. I. (Paris), No. II. (Berlin), No. III. (Vienna), and No. IV.(Budapest) were published in THE LANCET of Sept. 12th (p. 781),Sept. 26th (p. 912), Oct. 17th (p. 1121), and Oct. 24th (p. 1194), 1903,respectively.

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only open to graduates, commenced this year on Nov. 16th andwill end on Dec. 12th, one lecture in each course being de-livered three times a week, and are conducted by some of thebest known Florentine professors such as Lustig, Grocco, Mya,and Pestalozza. To be admitted to a course the graduate isrequired to make written application to the president of thefaculty on stamped paper and to present his diploma andthe receipt for the fees (20 lire for each course with anadditional laboratory fee of five lire for practical classes).Foreign graduates may attend but no undergraduates areadmitted. The following list of the courses with the namesof the professors who are to conduct them will show the

range of post-graduate study at Florence :--Demonstrations on topographical anatomy with its applica.

tions in practice.-(Professor Giulio Chiarugi.)Practical qu.estions in vaccination and serum therapeutics.

-(Professor Alessandro Lustig.)Physiology.-Demonstrations of the blood and lymph and

of the circulatory and lymphatic systems, with specialreference to technical methods applicable in medical prac-tice (Professor Giulio Fano).Hygiene in reference to environment, epidemiology, and

buildings.-(Professor Giorgio Roster.)Legal medicine.-Human blood stains and the biological

theory of reacting serums ; micro-chemical technique in theemergencies of medical practice ; Gosio’s method of vaporisa-tion of arsenic ; accidents to workmen and questionsrelative thereto affecting the rights and duties of medicalpractitioners (Professor Angelo Filippi).

The new remedies studied experimentally in reference totheir pharmacology and therapeuties.-(Professor Giovanni

Bufalini.)Clinical medicine.-Demonstrations of the most import-

ant cases in the Medical Clinic, with special reference to themost recent observations regarding the diseases which theyillustrate (Professor Pietro Grocco).

Clinical surgery.-Similar demonstrations of cases fromthe Surgical Clinic with the same object (Professor EnricoBurci).

Physiology and _pathology of alimentation.-Demonstrationson cases from the Dispensary and the Clinic of Pasdiatry(Professor Giuseppe Mya). ’,Psychiatry.-Demonstrations on cases at the Lunatic

Asylum (Professor Eugenio Tanzi).Diseases of the eye, with special regard to the needs of

medical practice ; separate classes for the study of ocularsymptoms in nervous and constitutional diseases (ProfessorLuigi Guaita).

Practical course of gynrzcologioal therapeutics in diqpensarypractice.-(Professor Ernesto Pestalozza.)

Dermosyphilopathy.-(Professor Celso Pellizzari.)Operative medicine, with special regard to the operations

most urgent and most frequent in medical practice (ProfessorGiovanni del Greco).

Physical díagnosis. - Practical illustrations of the principalmethods of physical examination of the circulatory, respira-tory, and digestive systems (Professor Umberto Flora).

Diseases of the nose, the throat, and the ear, with specialreference to the requirements of medical practice.

Chemistry, microscopy, and bacte.riology applied to clinicalwork.-(Professor Giuliano Daddi.)Some important modern methods of clinical diagnosis, with

special reference to recent methods such as the investigationof agglutinating power, the examination of cerebro-spinaliluid obtained by the syringe by lumbar puncture (ProfessorCesare Baduel).The lectures are all in Italian, a certain knowledge of

which language is therefore essential to the student desiringto attend any of them. The ordinary medical classes of theFlorence School (which, by the way, is not one of the Italianuniversities) are also open to foreign graduates, or indeed, toany student who may care to attend them, on payment of thefee. By frequenting these anyone may study under teachersso well known in their special departments as ProfessorGrocco, Professor Lustig, and Professor Banti. No privateclinics in Florence, so far as I am aware, are open to foreignmedical men unless perhaps by personal favour.

VI. MILAN.

Arrangements are at present being made for the institu-tion of post-graduate courses in Milan. The prime moverin the undertaking, Professor Mangiagalli, has already suc-ceeded in bringing into line the Commune, the Province,and the Ospedale Maggiore of Milan, by means of which all

facilities will be afforded to students and teachers to profitby the large amount of material for clinical study availablein that populous centre, and he is now endeavouring to obtainGovernment support for his scheme. Already the Ministerof Public Instruction, Signor Nasi, has promised to ask theGovernment to sanction the grant of a subsidy of 20,000lire (.6800) towards the foundation of the new poly-clinic and so soon as the expected cooperation of theGovernment is secured no time will be lost in puttingthe scheme into execution. For the present the ideais to start with three clinics-namely, (1) an obstet-rical and gynaecological clinic in connexion with a

hospital of 200 beds ; (2) a clinic for diseases inci-dental to various occupations (’malattie professionali), withmaterial for study derived from 60 beds; and (3) a

clinic for epidemic and contagious diseases, with a hospitalattached for contagious diseases consisting of seven pavilionswith 164 beds. The foundation of this polyclinic is regardedas a great boon in prospect for the younger medical men,especially those in the northern part of the kingdom, and itwill probably also attract a good many foreign graduates onaccount of the large amount of material upon which theinstitution will be able to draw for teaching purposes in sucha city as Milan.

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BIRMINGHAM.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Foundation of a HuxZey Lectureship in the University.AT the last meeting of the council of the University a.

letter was read from Professor Poynting, F. R. S., stating thathe was commissioned by a friend, who desired to remain

anonymous, to offer to the University a sum of moneycapable of producing annually £20 for the endowment of alectureship in the University to be called the HuxleyLectureship. The intention is that the lectureship shall notonly keep in memory the work and life of an eminent man ofscience but also his connexion with Mason College, the fore-runner of the University, for at the opening of that institu-tion an address was delivered by Professor Huxley. Thedonor of the endowment has only specified that a lectureshall be given annually, either in the winter or spring terms,and that it shall be open to all members of the Universitywithout any payment. The council of the University hasaccepted the gift and, in accordance with the wish of thedonor that some person who had been a friend of the lateProfessor Huxley should be the first lecturer, has, on theadvice of the senate, agreed to invite Sir Michael Foster,K,C.B., F.R.S., to deliver the first Huxley lecture.

Hospital Saturday Fund.The meeting at which the cheques for the year are dis--

tributed to the representatives ot the institutions benefitedby the Fund has recently taken place. As mentioned in aformer letter the sums ot money allotted to the hospitals areexactly the same as last year and amount in all to £10,000.The Lord Mayor presided on the occasion of this meetingand Alderman Cook, the chairman of the Fund, was presentand stated that he hoped that it would be a very long timebefore a less sum than £10,000 was voted to the hospitalsby his committee. He was glad that there was an appreci-able improvement this year, for 76 more contributions and£607 more were received on the actual Hospital Saturdaythan was the case 12 months ago. The Lord Mayor, in hisspeech, congratulated the committee on again establishinga record, since the contributions for this year amounted to£18,553 as compared with 18,036 obtained in the previousyear. It was undoubtedly the weekly system that addedso much to the large revenue which they were able to obtain.He had pleaded before to manufacturers to allow their estab-lishments to participate in this work and it was very gratify..ing to know that this year the number of firms showed anincrease of 101. There were, however, still 400 or 500 firmsin the city who did not subscribe and he appealed to them.to cooperate. In conclusion, he pointed ouc that since theestablishment of the Fund the hospitals had receivedaltogether £222,337, the General Hospital having received£70,710, the Queen’s Hospital £43.155, the Dispensary£23,861, the Children’s Hospital 18,332, and the EyeHospital £15,000.

Bequests to Medical Charities.On Nov. 13th was buried Miss E. J. T. James, a lady who.