Vol. IV, No. 6 The Monthly Newsmagazine of Boise State University Boise, Idaho February, 1979

Positions Frozen, Tenure Tightened

In a move to prepare Boise State for possible budget cuts, university Presi­dent John Keiser placed a freeze on vacant positions last week.

The action affects all full-time and per­manent part-time positions, except those funded by special grants or private funds.

Personnel decisions will be based on the "alternate budget" that was pre­pared for the State Board of Education in December. That document lists in detail how the university will manage budgets that are 105, 100, 95, and 90 percent of the current level.

Keiser said positions that are not eliminated under the 90 percent level of alternate budget plan can be refilled after written justification from the appropriate vice-president.

But positions "targeted" for elimina­tion are frozen.

Keiser added that if a ":.-ancy occurs in a position not sche, . .,J for elimina­tion, the university will transfer person­nel from "targeted" spots rather than hire new replacements.

In another personnel action, Keiser said he would not consider applications for early tenure this year. In the past BSU has frequently granted tenure after three years to faculty with experience from another school. A school policy states that normally five ye_ars of full­time teaching is required before tenure is considered.

"I am committed to slowing the tenure process down. We are in danger of being tenured up," Keiser said in a memo to deans and department heads.

The State Board of Education has established a 75 percent tenure quota for the universities it controls.

With 60 percent of its 328 faculty al­ready tenured, Keiser said Boise State would reach that quota within two years.

Of the 24 faculty recommended for

tenure, nine had been at BSU for five years.

"I always have been an advocate of tenure as a method of buttressing aca­demic quality, for it provides a way to judge, keep, and protect its best prac­titioners.

"We simply must keep some tenure slots open in the future in the interest of academic flexibility. Further, in my judgement, the concept of tenure itself is endangered is some action is not taken now," Keiser said.

Pavlion Space Trimmed

Judged during a "value engineering" session with consultants to be about $3 million too expensive and 40,000 square feet too large, Boise State's multipur­pose pavilion got slightly trimmed this month.

To bring the building down to the $14 million budget, features such as a sports medicine laboratory, dance studio, gen­eral locker rooms, and visiting coaches lockers were eliminated. Some of those will be housed in the present gym­nasium.

Other parts of the building. such as weightrooms, were shrunk. In several cases room functions will be combined.

Still intact, however, is the basic seat­ing capacity of 9,700. An upper balcony can be added later, which will push seat­ing to 12,000.

The building still will house six hand­ball courts, a day care center, student organization offices, an auxiliary gym­nasium, a multipurpose room, a jogging track, offices for coaches, and other rooms for officials, performers and visit­ing athletic teams.

Also untouched, according to architect [Continued on page 2}

LEGISLATORS LINED UP Feb. 13 for the annual Idaho Vocational Association breakfast hostad

by Boise State. Helpi"Q pour orange juice Is Senator Wllaon Steen, Glenns Fen-y, as Rep. Kurt Johnaon, centw, Idaho Falls, and Sen. Richard Egbert, Tetonia, walt their tum.

BSU Awaits Budget Decision Boise State and her supporters

watched and waited this month as the legislature worked itself through some tough money questions before it could get to the business of setting budgets for Fiscal 1980.

Slowed by one percent and state employee salary questions, the Joint

Finance-Appropriations Committee be­gan setting some of the smaller budgets late last week.

The committee could work its way to the education budget, which is one of the last considered, by the first or second week in March. tee.

Report Probes Anrition, Makes Recommendations "Dropping out of coUege is a little like

the weather: something everyone talks about but no one does anything about. This --- is reflected in much of the re­search on dropouts, which has focused more on counting, describing, and classi­fying them than on seeking solutions to the problem.

-Alexander W. Astin, Preventing Students from Dropp&ng Out

During the past ten academic years (1968-77) Boise State has experienced an average increase in enrollments of 10.17 percent per year. At the same time, withdrawals have increased even more rapidly resulting in an average annual increase of 19.62 percent," says Dr. Patricia Dorman, author of Attrition at Boise State University, a report re­leased in December, 1978.

"At this time," she says, "BSU enroll­ments are increasing at a decreasing rate, while withdrawals are increasing at an increasing rate."

The study, authorized by the BSU administration in 1978, attempts to pro-

vide recommendations for Boise State to follow in dealing with the student attri­tion rise.

An attrition survey to gather informa­tion on the problem was sent out during 1978 to a sample population of students who had withdrawn or who had not returned to BSU during spring and fall semesters of 1977 and spring, 1978. Fol­lowing are excerpts from that study:

"The mailing includeci 1,600 students who had completely withdrawn from Boise State during three semesters in­cluded for the survey, and 2,687 who did not return or were 'no-shows' after applying for admission. The total sample of 4,287 included both resident and non­resident students."

The population responding is atypical of students generally found in higher education, more are over 25 years of age. There were 709 (65.9 percent) of the stop-outs and 246 (71.9 percent) of the drop-outs responding to the survey who are over the age of 25 years.

"The 1,600 students who dropped-out during the period covered reveal an interesting set of characteristics. Of the total, 66.8 percent do not live in a met­ropolitan area of Boise nor on the cam­pus. They are basir.ally a commuter population who live in the surrounding communities of Treasure Valley. Part­time students accounted for 65.8 percent of the drop-out population, and freshmen withdrew more frequently than any other class of students (46.06 percent). The second most frequent class of stu­dents to withdraw were the graduates (20.74 percent). Single students repre­sented 58.9 percent of the total popula­tions, and males held a slight lead over females; 51.8 percent of the drop-outs were male."

"A profile of a drop-out derived frcm this data: a single male, commuting from a surrounding community, most likely a freshman, enrolled part-time and an Idaho resident."

"The second class of students sur­veyed were those who did not re-register

or enroll after application for admission. General characteristics of the stop-outs indicate that the majority are part-time students (68.6 percent) who do not live in the Boise area (64.2 percent), are probably female and in the freshman class (42.05 percent), and who are most often single (55.2 percent). The profile of a stop-out differs little from the drop-out except that they are more often female than male."

"The final portion of the survey ques­tionnaire addressed the reasons for leav­ing and the amount of satisfaction with specific aspects of Boise State Univer­sity. The first area of concern focused on reasons by a student might leave school. Of these, two are more significant for mention, yet beyond the control of Boise State: Job Conflict and Home Responsi­bilities. Job Conflict was a major reason in 31.1 percent of the responses for 1,163 of the individuals surveyed, and another 12.0 percent viewed it as a moderate reason. In the responses to Home

[Continued on pap 2)

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•

Musicians Tour North

One hundred Boise State University music students will perform in concert for five Idaho and Washington audiences during the annual BSU spring music tour March 5-10.

A concert in the BSU Gymnasium March 5 at 8:15 p.m. will open the tour, which will include daytime workshop sessions for secondary students featur­ing the BSU Concert Band, Meistersing­ers, jazz, percussion imd vocal jazz ensembles.

Other tour performances are sched­uled March 6 at Weiser High School; March 7, Clarkston, Wash. High School; March 8, Moscow High School; and March 10,. West Valley High School, Spokane. The road concerts will all begin at 8 p.m.

Opening the concert programs will be the Meistersingers under the direction of Wilber D. Elliott, Music Department chairman, with selections ranging from early Renaissance works to present-day synthesizer tape accompanied numbers. Two highlights will be the eight-voice sacred selection "Song of Hope," by John Ness Beck, and "Tangents," an elec­tronic accoustical exploration by Hanley Jackson.

The 60-piece concert band directed by Mel Shelton will perform the contem­porary "Symphony No. 3 for Band" by· Gianini, popular selections from "Star Wars," and a technical showpiece, "The Flight of the Bumble Bee," featuring the clarinet section.

Studio 8oaDcl The "studio sound" of the second half

of the concert will include a potpourri of contemporary music from film sound­tracks to jazz. In "African Welcome Piece" by Michael Udev, the Percussion Ensemble directed by Dr. John Baldwin will explore African rhythms under­neath a variety of musical sounds per­formed by members of instrumental and vocal jazz ensembles.

The BSU Jazz Ensemble directed by Michael Samball will play music from big band libraries of Count Basie, Stan Ken­ton, Woody Herman, Maynard Fergu­son, and the new and energetic Tochiko Akiyoshi-Lew Tabackin Big Band.

The Vocal Jazz Ensemblefeaturing sopranos Danae Morelock and Rose Driscoll will then join the Jazz Ensemble in "Here's That Rainy Day," arranged by Kirby Shaw. Dr. Gerald Schroeder will direct.

A bass marimba, probably the only one of its kind in the Northwest, will be used with the Keybosrd Per�ussion Ensemble arrangement of the rock tune "Que Passa" by Ted Blumenthal.

The finale, "Hearing Your Voice Again," set by Los Angeles studio arranger Ken Richmond will feature all the performing groups from BSU.

Senator Walter Yarbrough

Pay Raise Donated to BSU One at81a •••tor has found a way to r81um hla laglalatiM pay raiM and pnmde neacf«f

acholarahlpa to his conatltu..ta at the same time. Senator Walter Yarbrough, Grandview, donated his $1,200 lncraaM to Boise State's Univer­

sity Club echolarlhlp lund that Ia uaecl to help eclldamlc or vocatlonal-technlclll students with their collage •xpan-.

Yarbrough 11 one of -al laglalatora who Mid they would not ac:capt the pay hike 11ter It took affect. He said he considered ...,.rll w1ys to retum his pay riiM, and decided on the BSU 1Cho11rahlp route •Iter talking with BSU Praaldent John KIIMr.

Colncldantllly, the money II the first to be put Into a lpiCIIIIChollrlhlp progrtm th1t IIIOWI donora to earmark money for students from their home 1raa.

Y1rbrough'1 delnatlon will be raatl1ctecl to his conatltuents ln District 19, which Includes the high schools of Homadlle, Rimrock, lnd Marsing.

Reading Course Set for KAID Boise State University and KAID tele­

vision will combine to offer a special eourse on reading and study skills this spring.

Students can register through the BSU Center for Continuing Education.

The series of 10 half-hour programs will begin on Feb. 28 and continue through May 5.

Topics covered will include vocabulary development, memory, concentration, note-taking, and study techniques.

Each program will be broadcast twice weekly, at 6 p.m. Wednesdays and 11:30 a.m. Saturdays.

Moderator and instructor for the two­credit course will be Dr. William Kirt­land, director of Boise State's Reading Education Center. He will be assisted by· seven other BSU professors.

The course is aimed at currently en­rolled high school students, housewives who might return to college, or people who cannot easily attend classes on campus.

It is designed to help students become more effective in the reading and study skills needed to succeed in college work, Kirtland says.

Fees for the class are $50. A study guide costing $6.80 is also required.

The reading and study skills class

began in 1976 at BSU. Since then it has grown to five sections, and has been offered at the Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho State Penitentiary, and the bilingual-multicultural program in Nam­pa.

Students interested can contact Kirt­land or the Center for Continuing Educa­tion for more information about the tele­vised course.

Hearings Here The State Board of Education is now

advertising and holding public hearings on its amended and new procedures re­garding employment status and reduc­tion in force. The Boise hearing will be conducted March 1 at 1:30 p.m. in the BSU Student Union Building prior to final action of the Board at its March 1-2 meeting.

February 22 hearings will be con­ducted at the University of Idaho, Mos­cow, at 1:30 p.m. in the Student Union Building and at Idaho State University, Pocatello, at 1:30 p.m. in the Business Building.

Complete eopies of the proposed regu­lation• are on IDe at the reference desk in the BSU Library for the information of all employees.

BSU Installs New Phones

By month's end, the old Centrex tele­phone system which easily overloaded and had nearly reached its capacity for new numbers will be a thing of the past, replaced by a new "Dimension" system.

Once the bugs are worked out, the ·new $60,000 set of phones will be more efficient, require less maintenance, and save money, according to Gordon Phil­lips, director of administrative services.

The principle savings will come through the establishment of four W ATS lines that will be used for out-of­state long distance calls. Under the Cen­trex system long-distance charges were higher because those calls were all operator assisted.

Phillips added that billing will be more accurate because every call will be recorded by extension number.

The new phones come with a range of services that weren't possible under the old system, which was installed when the school opened as a junior college and has been built upon ever since.

Now most phones on campus will be able to transfer calls, arrange for auto­matic callback if the line is busy. and handle conference calls, all features that are new.

The only part of Boise State's phone system that won't be replaced are those located in the married student housing on Boise Avenue. All together, about 1,400 phones will be converted to the "Dimension" system.

St. Luke's Hospital, Idaho Power Company, Morrison-Knudson, and Al­bertson's are also using the system.

Foster Class For Magie Valley residents a four

week eJue "'''''ahdn« Follter Parents to Handle Lying and Stealiq" will be con­ducted at the Department of Health and Welfare Office, 677 Fller Ave., Twin Falls, March 7, 14, 21, and 28, from 7:30 to 9:30p.m.

Further information about registra­tion may be obtained from Erma Shrop­shire, at the Twin Falls Health and Wel­fare Office, 734-4000.

Pavilion Cut [Continued from page 1)

liaison COillmittee chairman Dr. Richard Bullington, are sound and lighting sys­tems. These will adjust to nearly any audience size,lrom the full 9,700 to 1,500 or less, Bullington says.

Architects now have the "green light" to proceed with more detailed drawings in preparation for another session with consultants in March, he added.

Sociology Professor StudieS Attrition at BSU • • .

(c..da...trn. .... 1] . Responsibilities, of 1,138 responding 18.2 percent considered this a major reason and 12.8 percent a moderate reason."

"Of the other two, one area does hold potential for correction. This is the response from 26.1 percent of 1,138 people who indicated that a major or moderate reason was lack of money.

The final portion of the survey attempted to determine those aspects of the University which satisfied respon­dents. Among those items respon­dents rated Library Service, Library Hours and the Location of the School as most satisfying.

"It is apparent that the relationship between job and financial needs of

· former students looms large in their decision to drop-out or stop-out. The data also reveal that sudden financial problems are more significant to the full­time student than the part-time stu­dent."

.. Home re�ie• appear to play

an important role in a deci.ion to drop­out or 1top-out. TMre illittle difference between the fuU.titM aftd part-ti?M •tu­dent respon1e1. However, child care .eems to be more of a problem for the part-ti?Mn. "

"Comparative analysis of respondents who cited home responsibility as a reason to leave when related to their major yielded the following pattern: Home responsibility was a factor more often in the School of Health Sciences than Arts and Sciences. Arts and Sciences majors mentioned home re­sponsibility more frequently than majors in the Schools of Business and Educa­tion. One might expect this because of the greater number of women enrolled in the programs of the Schools of Arts and Sciences and Health Sciences. The responses focusing on home responsi­bilities were more frequently made by women than men respondents.

Aspects that were viewed as less satisfying t o respondents from all schools in the University include: the

grading system, course content, and class schedule."

V o-Teeh Reasons Differ "Some reasons identified by the stu­

dents who left programs in the V oca­tional Technical programs indicate that cost is a factor more frequently than in other schools of Boise State."

"In addition to the cost factor, respon­dents with Vocational Technical majors indicated problem areas, as evidenced by lower degrees of satisfaction, that were not as important to respondents from other schools. Among the aspects that did not ·satisfy were: extra-curricu­lar activities, cultural and social oppor­tunities, recreational facilities, pre­enrollment information and the qualify of the students."

Aspects that were low satisfiers are listed in descending order of percent of respondents listing them: Cultural Op­portunities, Pre-enrollment Information, Scheduling of Classes, Quality of Stu­dents, Intellectual Stimulation, Cost of Attending, Grading System, Course

Content ia Major, Contact with Teach­ers, Teaching in Major Field.

"The respondents were asked to iden­tify three reasons that would 'most ·

encourage you to stay at Boise State University'."

The top ten reasons listed in order, one through t�n. were: Course Content, Scheduling of Courses, Financial Aids, Counseling/Guidance Service, Academic Advising, Teaching in Major, Intellec­tual Stimulation, Cost to Attend, Rele­vance to Goals, Employment Oppor­tunities.

"An issue that has been 'cussed and discussed,' parking, did not emerge as a reason to stay or leave as evidenced by the lack of mention.

The top 1ix factor• reported are amenable to change by tl&e University.

Reeommendations "The data collected for this survey has

pointed to a number of areas of concern for the University:"

"1. Course scheduling should be criti-

-.oaJS3

ln6ation Takes Bite· Out Ofl.ibnq Ftllds ,

by Larry Burke Like their counterparts across the

nation, Boise State's librarians are worried beeauae rising eosts have cut acquisitions and reduced service to students and faeulty.

Evidence that the problem is beyond the talking stages came late last month in a memo from university librarian Tim Brown , who said Boise State must "identify with a possible view toward cancellation" $50,000 of the current financial eouuiritment to periodieals and standing orders for books.

Brown hinted that it will be difficult to stop the acquisitions deeline that BSU bas experienced during the last few years. Even with a "best of all world�·� budget inerease of 10 pereent, BSU still eouldn't buy as many books and periodi­cals as it did in 1978, be said.

The reason for the pinch, explained Brown, is simple: inflation is outpacing budget inereases.

National statistics bring Brown's gen-eralization into sharp focus.

, The Chronicle of Higher Ed1ttation reports that the costs of books and periodicals has been rising faster than the prices paid for other university goods and services.

The Higher Education Pr-ice Index shows that since 1971, the average annual increase for total eollege costs has been 8.1 percent. But in that same period yearly prices for periodicals went up 17.5 percent and books rose 11.6 percent.

The Chronicle also reports that members of the Association of Research Libraries spent 10.7 percent more last year than they did the year before, but added only .3 percent more to their col­lections.

Some BSU Numbers Boise State acquisitions librarian Tom

Leonhardt has some figures of his own to buttress those statistics.

From 1967 to 1977, the purchasing power of the dollar has been cut in half because the average price of books more than doubled, from $8.77 to $18.03, he said.

In a comparison made last year, BSU librarians determined that the 1978-79 acQuisitions bud��:et of $286.000 was worth 20 percent less than the 1972-73

budget of$186,000. In fact, the number of books acquired

each year declined during this period from 19,500 to 15,500.

Inflation in book prices is not the sole factor for that drop, says Brown. Another major cause has been the shift of expenditures from books to periodi­cals.

Costs for periodicals are rising much faster than books, which means more of the budget must go to subscriptions just to maintain the status quo.

For example, Leonhardt cited one biology journal that went from $800 to $1,200 this year and another in mathe­matics that jumped from $420 to $560.

Another reason for the budget shift is that more periodicals are needed to su� port programs that were added during BSU's growth years. Sinee 1972 periodi­eal subscriptions have nearly doubled, said Leonhardt.

"We can adjust our book purchasing patterns once we are informed about next year's budget," Brown said.

But efforts to identify periodiealt for eaneellation will be extremely time con­suming beeauae of the greater invest­ment per title and because of the great range of needs those materials fill, be explained.

The library presently sublleribes to nearly 2,200 periodical titles. In bjs memo, Brown asked departments to take a hard look at needs and attempt to identify for possible elimination enough titles to reduce the overall financial com­mitment by up to SO percent in order to

INFLATION IS taking Its toll on university llbrart ... caualng BSU to begin a careful evaluation of

book and l)«<odlcal needs in caM reductions are necesNry.

prepare for the possibility of a major loea infuDding.

He added that it ia unknown exaetly what the book-periodical mix will be or bow many must be eaneeled. But he did say cuts will be bued on bow important the materials are to BSU programs.

Cuts won't be easy, Brown said. Many expensive journals and iDdexes like the �.ooo Chemical Abetraets, are absolute necessities because without them faeulty can't possibly stay current in their fields, and students won't be able to research topics thoroughly.

Another problem with cutting periodi-. eals, Brown explained, ia that it ean result in an uneven eolleetion. If a sub­scription is dropped one year and added again later, there is a gap in the litera­ture that can be critie��l to faculty or student researchers.

PeriiODIMII Pbaeh As serious as the acquisitions pinch is,

Brown said the library is also vulnerable on the personnel front.

Critical to the library's o�ration is the small army of work-studNtudents who make up for 1 8-20 full-time employees. Most of those students are funded by a federal program, or what Brown ealls "soft money" that doesn't eome out of the state appropriation.

The kinds of things we do to stay alive depends on their support," he added.

"Our circulation rate has increased over 70 pereent in the last seven years, and the increase in reference service bas been even greater. We've handled that with less than two new classified em­ployees."

As budgets grow tighter and inflation increases, can the library continue to meet faculty and student needs?

"As we examine the library's overall program, we realize our efforts to serve students and faculty often fall short of what they deserve. We are trying, how­ever, and we feel the university is doing its best to support us.

"Nevertheless, when facing the possi­bility of even lower funding in the immediate future, we are fearful that we will not be able to meet the minimum needs of BSU's educational programs," Brown said.

Media Man Boise State University's Educational

Media Services bas a new media produc­tion specialist; Ken Hyde, formerly with the University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, has been here since late January.

Hyde, 26, holds a BA from the Univer­sity of Maine and an M.Ed degree from Utah State University. He will coordi­nate the media aids that will be used by BSU teachers.

• • • lists Ten Suggestions to Improve Problem eally reviewed to ensure availability of required major eourses at night as well as during the day. It may be necessary to consider 'non-traditional' scheduling. For example, increased evening offer­ings, split-sessions in the evening with different start times, weekend courses, and concentrated blocks."

"2. Contact with faculty can be in­creased with attention to office hours, attempting to accommodate both full­time and part-time students. This will require office hours that are staggered, --- some in the morning and some in the afternoon. For faculty teaching in night courses, a scheduled time should be available to students in the evening. This is especially important for students who are enrolled in night eourses only. This may be inconvenient, but eould reduce the level of dissatisfaction about eon tact with teachers."

"3. An effort 1hould be made by the academic and vocational 1chooll to bridge the gap between them. Thil may weU require more flezible 1cheduling of

vocational technical curriculum to facili.­tate increased interaction between Btu­dent• and facuUy, participation in col­legiate activitie1, and a 1en.e of be[qnging."

"4. Course content should be contin­ually reviewed for timely coverage of materials. It would benefit faculty to receive feedback from students early in the semester by some form of early eourse evaluation."

"5. The variety, availability, and accessibility of financial aid should be widely publicized. Every effort should be made to inform students and potential students that help is at hand. This effort should include informing the faculty about the programs of aid offered, appli­cation procedures, and any specific restrictions. In addition, the financial aid brochure issued Spring, 1978 should be widely distributed to students on campus, or easily available, in the Student Union Building, residence balls, administrative and departmental offices."

"6. Notice of eoming events should be more widely publicized. Oftentimes the event is over before the information 'leaks out.' This could include increased use of the Information Services Office, and the Arbiter, public service an­nouncements on TV and radio and timely circulation of pertinent information to faculty and staff.''

"7. The University should actively support the retention of the day-care facilities available and encourage the development of more services. The pros­pects of attracting mature women with preschool children would be markedly improved if we had an inexpensive alter­native for child care.''

Cbaqe• Sugested "8. Information should be added to

the student master file to indicate receipt of a diploma, certificate or degree. This can be coordinated through the Registrar's office where applications for graduation are filed.

"9. There should be a procedure de­veloped to allow students in graduate

programs to be continuously enrolled during thesis research. Oftentimes a graduate is not ready to enroll for thesis credits yet is actively working on a thesis.

"10. The procedure to re-enter the University after a semester away is exactly like the original application pro­cedures, the student fills out all of the forms and the process begins. It would be greatly simplified if we provided an abbreviated form for the "stop-out" stu­dents to reactivate their enrollment. A simple IBM card eould be used. This would reduce the number of application forms (a headache to many) and cut the administrative eost to get the student back into the system."

A steeriq eommittee led by Dr. Kea­neth Hollenbaugh baa beea appoiated to filld methods to reduce the studeat attri­tioa rate at BSU. Tbe committee l• now revie'W'ID« this report, u weD u examlD· in& eylteme used at other wdvenlties.

.. . . . . . "" . . ... • .�

-.uu;4

by Larry Barke

The Big Butte Community Hall is· about to be invaded.

ing the corona, diamond ring, and other curiosities that will occur at Big Butte and other places between Wallace and McCall where the eclipse is total.

I n Boise, for example, the partial eclipse will begin at 8:11 a.m. and end at

10:28 a.m. By 9:16 a.m. it will be at the highest point, with 98.4 percent of the sun blocked by the moon. Then the sun's power will be only one-fiftieth of normal.

Depending how far north they are, people in the rest of the state will see at

least a 95 percent eclipse, says Allen. By about 10:30 a.m., the eclipse will

pass through Idaho to Montana, North Dakota and into Canada, and people in the Northwest will have to wait until the next century to see it again.

On Feb. 26, that social gathering place for the wheat farmers of central Idaho will be packed to the brim with Boise State students and scientists out to do a little early morning star gazing.

They'll come to that remote spot on Highway 62, halfway between Cotton­wood and Kamiah, with their vans packed full of computers, telescopes, cameras and other paraphernalia.

ScientiSts-Hunt Elusive Shadows Safely headquartered in the hall,

they'll begin an eager countdown toward the event they've anticipated for years ... the eclipse of the sun.

But why Big Butte, where they isn't even a bar for scientists to drown sor­rows if clouds interfere with their hopes?

There are a couple of reasons, says BSU astronomer-eclipse expert John Allen, who drove all over the West look­ing for a good site to view the spectacle.

For one, Big Butte's spacious com­munity hall was the best suited to head­quarter the expedition's people and equipment. For another, it is out of the bad weather zones and the flat country means a good horizon for viewing the eclipse. And finally, Big Butte lies almost in the center of the eclipse path. There the sun will be blocked for one of the longest periods in Idaho, some 2 minutes, 30 seconds.

Those will be a precious 150 seconds to the 30 astronomers and students who won't see another total eclipse until2017, unless they leave the country.

And what if it's cloudy? Then the BSU scientists will probably get in their cars and start driving as fast as they can east to a place like Helena, Montana, where the weather could be clearer.

It's also possible they will be able to fly above the clouds to see the eclipse, even if they won't be able to study it.

Only during a total eclipse can scien­tists see the sun's outer atmosphere, or corona, which could be one of the best in decades because of sunspot activity.

Most people who observe the Feb. 26 solar eclipse will tuck the spectacular event in their memory and then go about their business.

But for Boise State University profes­sor Russ Campbell and Caldwell High School teacher Duane Warn, the eclipse will be serious business indeed.

They will try to be the first ever to catch the mysterious "shadow bands" that dance across the ground just before. and after a total eclipse.

That's as difficult as catching the poetic moon beams in the Rogers & Hammerstein song.

Sometimes the shadow bands, which scientists think are caused by turbulence from rapid temperature changes in the air, are too faint to be seen. Other times, they don't come at all.

Warn has been to five eclipses since 1969, and has seen the shadow band!'

only once. "We're not sure they will occur, but

we are optimistic because records show shadow bands are more frequent during cool weather eclipses," says Campbell.

To compound -their problems, the scientists aren't really sure how to adjust the equipment they'll use because they've never tested it during actual eclipse conditions.

:·we can't be sure exactly how light it will be," says Warn.

"You can simulate up to a point, but there are still lots of unknowns ... for every question we ask we get a hand­waving answer, or none at all," adds Campbell.

It could be a real coup for the Idaho scientists if they do manage to record the shadow bands. Success could unlock a treasure chest of new information, such as how they change in intensity,

where they come from, how fast they flicker, and what their spacing is and what causes them.

So far all the information on shadow bands is visual. But traditional video equipment is too unreliable, so they'be turned to small computers, or micro­processors, that can sense light and con­vert that into digital form which can later be replayed and studied.

Computer experts Wally Thrash and Darrel Cox from Hewlett-Packard in Boise have helped with that phase.

Warn has been working on the project ever since he was a graduate student at Ball State University. He's been on eclipse expeditions from Nova Scotia to Australia. Campbell joined the research two years ago.

This is the second eclipse the two researchers have chased together. In the fall of 1977 they went to South America to try their methods.

But after packing their cases of sophis­ticated gear into the back country of Columbia, all they saw was a good thun­dershower.

This time they'll have two chances to record the shadow bands, Warn from Walla Walla, Wash., and Campbell from near Grangeville.

What are their chances? "Slim," says Warn.

"We think we're prepared this time ... at least that makes it exciting," adds Campbell.

And if this one doesn't work out, well, there's another eclipse scheduled for 1980 in Africa.

Scientists will also study the mysteri­ous "shadow bands" that might flicker before and after totality. Baily's beads, those points of light around the sun caused when the final rays pass through the moon's rough surface will also draw their attention. The last one to appear is the celebrated "diamond ring" that is a favorite with eclipse photographers.

Eclipse dangerous, so watch it properly

Less sophisticated viewers may miss those fine points, but they can't avoid seeing one of nature's most unique phenomena, says Allen.

At totality, the rushing shadow of the moon will sweep over the Earth. The sky will darken so much that chickens will roost.

Unfortunately, most people in Idaho will see only a partial eclipse. thus miss-

The coming solar eclipse can be every bit as dangerous as it is spectacular, according to BSU astronomer John Allen.

There is a risk of serious eye damage for those foolhardy enough to look at the partial eclipse without proper filters or viewing devices.

Even the 1.6 percent sliver of sun that will shine in Boise at the high point of the eclipse is enough to cause serious eye burns and even blindness, Allen says.

The only safe time to view the eclipse without protection is when it is total, which means nobody living south of

Eclipse Schedule PI-

Boise Twin Falls Cald-11-Nampa Pocatello Idaho Falls McCall Grangeville Lewiston Moscow

PMtlll Begin a

8:11a.m. 8:10a.m. 8:11a.m. 8:12a.m. 8:13a.m. 8:13a.m. 7:15a.m. 7:15a.m. 7:16a.m.

(All tltMe locel)

Total EdlpM

�n• Dund�

9:18:11 8:19:08 8:19:10 8:19:49

1 mln2sec 2mln29aec 2mln23aec 2mln8sec

------ -� -- ---

Part ... Endl

10:28a.m. 10:29a.m. 10:28a.m. 10:32a.m. 10:34a.m. 10:30a.m. 9:31a.m. 9:31a.m. 9:31a.m.

McCall should look at the sun with the naked eye.

And sun glasses won't help a bit, Allen adds.

The safest way he suggests to view the eclipse is through a simple viewing hox that can be built at home. All that is required is some tape, a plain cardboard box, and binoculars or a telescope.

Those are mounted in one end of the box. When pointed at the sun, the sun will be magnified to about the size of a half dollar at the opposite end. People can then safely look at the reflected image, rather than directly at the sun. (See photo and diagram.)

People in the path of totality should view the partial eclipse in the box until the sun disappears. Then they will know exactly when it is safe to look directly at the sun for the brief time it is covered.

Allen also warns that people should keep close track of time and be prepared to look away before the total eclipse is over and the sun reappears.

"We hope people can relax and enjoy the spectacle without taking unneces­sary risks. They should make the most of the occasion because it won't happen again for a long time," be says. Mtronomer John Allen and hla ecllpee Ylewlng box

Perspective Dear Uncle,

Two months ago Dick Rapp worried that his Career and Financial Aids office didn't have enough staff to process the mountains of money and paperwork that would result after the federal government liberalized its requirements for grants and loans.

Now Rapp isn't sure when the money will arrive, if ever. The Middle Income Assistance Act passed Congress last fall to the blare

of trumpets. Educational opportunities would open up for thousands of new students who could now qualify for aid, the news reports said.

But since then, the program has turned into a political football that might come through the game so deflated that it isn't recognizable. Just how much money is appropriated to fund the legislation is anybody's guess.

But while Uncle Sam is debating, thousands of students and their parents are laying out their financial strategy for another fall. All Rapp and the rest of the nation's financial aid officers can do is refer to their Uncle's eccentric habits and tell students to hope for the best.

Like waitresses in an all·night diner, Rapp and his colleagues get the blame for recipes that Uncle doesn't follow.

"Every article I get from them makes things more confusing. We tell parents and students what the government tell us, and by then the rules have changed," Rapp says with a hollow laugh.

Still, we can't be too upset with Uncle. At least in this case, the good things he buys with his money makes it well worth the wait.

More for Work-Study Speaking of financial aid (see above editorial), if we had the ear of a Con­

gressman, we would ask if more federal money couldn't be put into the work-study program that pays the wages of students who work for univer­sities in a variety of jobs.

There is a multiple benefit that work-study brings. First and foremost, it provides work for students who need money to get through college. Second, it gives students work experience and contacts that really can't be measured in dollars and cents.

Third, work-study gives the student a proprietary interest in the school, or at least the office they are in, that makes for better university citizens. Fourth, it helps keep state personnel costs down.

It is an unspoken reality (don't tell the unions) that Boise State, and probably every other university in America, would run quite a bit rougher if it weren't for work-study students dutifully on the job. In this era of tight budgets, their work becomes even more important as full-time staff is trimmed.

None of those good points come from the direct grant program that is presently receiving $2.6 billion compared to work-study's $550 billion. Direct grants are given to students without obligation, either for work or repayment later.

There is room for that kind of program. Personal circumstances vary; not every student can work, and there should be aid in those cases.

But we think work-study should be the foundation for most students' financial package. Grants can be used to fill in when needed.

That approach would then have all the benefits cited above, but still maintain the flexibility needed for students with special needs.

The federal government has a reputation, undeserved or not, of begin­ning programs that look good in Washington but don't work in places like Idaho. Work -study is not one of those, and it deserves closer attention dur­ing budget time.

Phone Frustration The old country switchboard operator once played by Lily Tomlin would

probably snip her wires if she had to sit at the controls of Boise State's new phone system.

·

The push-button, ultramodern "Dimension" system has arrived, com­plete with mysterious bleeps, buzzes, star 7's and star 4's. It's proven to be the most talked about subject here since John Barnes sold the parking lots a few years ago.

There's probably not a person on campus who hasn't cut somebody off. And we miss the familiar monotone "We're sorry, the number you have dialed is not in service ... please hang up and try again" message that cheered us up on lonely days.

The new phones do bring us new challenges to spice our sometimes hum­drum days. Like, how do you figure out a set of dialing instrudions that was written by Mission Control, c/o NASA Headquarters in Houston?

And who will be the first person at BSU to successfully complete a three­way conversation after reaching one party on automatic callback and another on call hold? Will that be a computer specialist, a physicist, or an electronics professor?

But where there is confusion today, there will be greater efficiency and economy tomorrow. Half a dozen large Boise businesses have installed the new system, and report they like it.

One place that has the new phones and still functions is St. Luke's Hos­pital. If the doctors there can learn to use them, then the doctors here shouldn't have any trouble either.

As for the rest of us ... does star 7 mean hold or transfer? ... repeat that about callbacks ... well, we're trying our best, but it will take some time.

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A Tarnished Savior?

By Dr. John Keiser President, Boise State University

Just one year ago I accepted the presi­dency of Boise State University effective August 1, 1978. No one mentioned the name Robert Rodrigo, the "spy" appre­hended at NAU, or the tax initiative during the interview process. The ques­tions from the selection committee started off with "Why do you want to be president of BSU?" They included, "what will you do for the faculty?" and "are you an advocate of democratic decision-making?" One year later, after seven months on the job, the question I frequently hear is, "Are you sorry you came?"

I am pleased with my decision to come to BSU for the very reasons I gave in 1978. Basically, they can be reduced to the single fact that BSU has more poten­tial than any other university in the con­ference or in the region. "Problems" with athletics and with funding are routine with university presidents, and are in no way unanticipated or discour· aging. What is distinctive here is the fact that the overall potential of BSU is a general perception shared by the faculty, students, and the community of Boise. It is that inevitable vision which will see us through the trough created by the first years of the "one percent."

Of course, there will be some difficult decisions to make in the next months and years. I made three last week which many may see as inconsistent with my answer to the "democratic decision­making" question one year ago.

Those three decisions include my refusal to consider the faculty recom­mended by departmt·nts and deans for tenure who had not completed a full five­year probationary period : Of the 24 faculty recommended to me for tenure, only 9 had been here the full five years. Most of the 15 proposed for "early tenure" undoubtedly deserved it, and will, I believe, receive tenure in due course. Unfortunately, if I had accepted all24, BSU's perce!ltage of tenure would jump 7 percent, from 60 percent to 67 percent, and give us only one more year before the Board's quota of 75 percent was reached.

This, I believe, is intolerable. At the same time, the university's future depends upon coming to grips with its personnel system in a way which will assure our faculty of professional treat­ment. That is a problem which must be understood by legislators and depart­ment chairmen alike, and which we must treat together.

A second decision was to freeze tern· porarily all vacant positions at the uni-

versity according to priorities set in the "90 percent budget supplem ent" re­quired by the Board. Thus, if a resigna­tion occurs in a position to be retained even if our funding is at 90 percent of that requested, it may be filled only by contributing a position, or its equivalent in other funds, from those identified to be surrendered between the 108 percent level and the 90 percent level.

Hopefully, this will be temporary, and we will be able to release these positions after the legislature provides funds for FY -80. Advertising for vacancies may occur; appointments may not, unless covered by this policy or until further notice. Good management in this area now will save us many problems later.

The third decision was to move the Registrar's Office, the Admissions Office and the Office of High School and Uni­versity Relations from the Executive Vice President to the Vice President for Student Affairs, effective Mrch 1. This is a natural place for these offices, and the personnel in them is always charged off to a general category called student ser­vices in statewide studies. Further, the Executive Vice President, with the pres­sures of the budget and recent respon­sibility for KAID, is overloaded.

Nevertheless, denying early tenure, freezing positions, and moving offices under new supervisors, all in one week, must raise questions in the minds of those who heard me being interviewed last February.

All I can offer is that I truly believe that these actions will move us closer, more rapidly, to realizing the potential which exists at this fine university. Clearly. circumstances have changed since last February, and if we are to respond effectively some difficult deci­sions are required.

The only purpose for them is to reduce the atmosphere of ambiguity as much as possible; to continue the climate of academic challenge and opportunity for our excellent faculty, and to encourage everyone to recognize that academic quality at a university depends primarily upon its ability to attract and to hold a fine faculty. For us to do that effectively will call for both understanding and sacrifice from all of us. I am convinced it will be more than worthwhile.

But should my image as an academic reformer and a faculty advocate be reduced to that of a tarnished savior in the eyes of some, because of certain cir­cumstances beyond my control, I will be the first to understand.

t-

�I

Alumsi Busy:

By Dyke Nally Director,

Alumni Relation•

The ·Alumni Office has been busy with activity!

Namely, out tour to Mazatlan, Mexico departs in a few days. We had an enthusiastic response to the tour, and will be putting another on the planning board in the near future.

The next upcoming event is our Second Annual Alumni Academic Achievement Awards Banquet. Top scholars will be honored by the Alumni Association, faculty, administrators, and members of the State Board of Education.

This year's event will take place March 16 at the Gamekeeper.

Also included as part of the pro­gram will be the recognition of out­standing faculty. Each student will bring, as their guest, the faculty member who they feel has con­tributed most to his or her success as a scholar.

Our special guest speaker for this year is Mr. Jon Miller, Presi­dent of Boise Cascade Corporation.

The Alumni Association in coop­eration with BSU administrators and faculty is proud to sponsor another program in direct support of the academic mission of this University.

Come Try Out· BSU Cheer Squad and Dance Team

tryouts w01 be Saturday, March 24 at 9 a. m. iD the SUB. Workshops for the try­outs w01 be conducted March 16, March 17, and March 21.

For further information, telephone Liz Fitzserald, 344-4737, or Aleta Sales, 375-3823.

Theatre Scholars

RUNNING STUDENT government in 1939 was this group of BJC students, front row, from left, Vema Mae Dunning, Jay Collins (president), Doyle Baird. Back row, from left, Bob Day, James Strachan, Bill Rogers, Dee Anderson, Miriam Vernon, and Mary Clarl<.

Growth Marked 1939 'Back at This month FOCUS begins a· new series on "Back at BJC." Written by student intern Bob Gore, the feature will remind readers of the by-gone years. Besides the C!ampus items he will gather from old newspapers and yearbooks, Gore will also blclude news of the day from the community to piece together a vivid pic­ture of what it was Uke "Back at BJC."

not only be a succ:ess but plans would Jay Collins, "Students appreciate the have to be launched on a larger scale valiiUlt efforts of our learung citizens to next year. bring this long dream of a junior college

And for those of you who care to to realization, and they are deeply grate-remember, Invitation to Happiness, ful to Boise citizens for the willingness to starring Fred MacMurray and Irene undertake the heavy burden of support-Dunn was playing at the Granada ing this new educational enterprise. It is Theater on Friday night, Oct. 27, 1939. our responsibility to justify their faith in The price of admission was 15 cents 'til 5 us and their sacrifices to us." p.m., and 20 cents for the evening show- Prices were great in Nov. 24, 1939, at ing. Boise's Polly Ana Bakery. The special

1939 was a year famous for many According to an article that appeared for the day was Angel Food cakes for 24 things atBoise Junior College, and Sept. in the Nov. 24, 1939, issue of th e cents and 49 cents each, and Cream 18 was a date dear to the hearts of many "Roundup," Boise Junior College was Home selling for 5 cents each or 6 for 20 attending the junior college, because the firmly established after years of strug- cents. Parker House rolls even sold for fll'st all-school social event of the year 1 20 cents a dozen. g e. was to be held. The cry on campus was "In the heaviMt voting ever cast in a B.J .C. President Eugene B. Chaffee "B.J .C. students, save Friday night." Boise school election, the S260,000 boad was honored by the Boise Junior Cham-

This event was an informal, no-date issue was approved aJmost 10 to 1 by the ber of Commerce with an award for dis-dance and it was held at the Elks Temple city's voters. The actual count was 3,000 tinguished service to community in 1939. at Jefferson Street between Eighth and voters in favor and only a few more than Chaffee was selected by a committee of Ninth, from 9 p.m. to midnight. 300 qainst." businessmen in recognition of his work

The general chairman for the gala in expanding Boise Junior College from a event was Helen Marr Archibald. She B.J .C. was established in 1932 and it small semi-private school to a state-was assisted by George Nudter, Elise grew in enrollment from 100 to 400 by reorganized and tax-supported college. Smith, Verna Mae Dunning, James 1939. Though not a member of the Junior Armstrong, June Barker, Gene Frazier, The campus was to be built on the old Chamber, Chaffee was the first man to Winona Ellis, and Dolly Bates. airport of 90 acres along the south side of receive the key during a chamber cere-

Winners ofBSU Theatre Arts Depart- Also that year a new co-op house was the Boise River between Broadway mony. ment scholarships at the recent Idaho planned for men students at B.J .C. Street and Capitol Boulevard. For those who needed shoes in Feb. Invitational High School Theatre Arts The cost of llving in the house was S21 The proposed new building was to be 1940, Roblee Shoes for Men,915 Idaho Festival are Mike Borchard, Minico High a month. The cooking was to be done by more than 300 feet long and would Street, offered men's shoes for S5-S6.50, School; Matthew Carnahan, Boise High; Mrs. Helen Bush, the housemother. accommodate a student body of 700 stu- as well as other lines from S2.98-S3.98. Kreg Owens, Nampa; John Priester and Accordln1 to then-coach Harrr dents. Women's shoes that day sold for S2.98-Fuah Oloen, both Buhl.

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Jobs Judy Clayton, a 1977 cum laude grad­

uate in Business Management, is now serving as coordinator of the El-Ada Community Action Agency food and nutrition program. She is also food chairman of the Idaho Hunger Action Council.

Tony Clatrleo, '77 graduate, is cur­rently serving as Program Coordinator for the "Up With People" program. His job entails the daily operations and fuue­tions of the east. Chirico alao worked in the Information Services Office at BSU as an Information Speeialist upon grad­uation.

Rlcllard E. Jolua.oa has been ap­pointed to the position of General Man­ager of Ore-Ida's Customer Service Department. Johnson holds an Associate of Arts degree from BSU.

Enrbt 8oueallera has been named a Boise deputy coroner. Sonnenberg re­ceived his BS in medical technology from

BSU.

Jon Oad has been named manager of

Westbank Restaurant and Lounge in Idaho Falls. Oud received his Associate of Arts in Busitless Administration from Boise Junior College.

Steve ZfmmenDaD is the new manager of the M&W Market in Parma. Zimmer­man attended BSU for three years.

Grec J. S.,U is currently employed with the Idaho Transportation Depart­ment as the Traffic Safety Project Coor­dinator. He and his wife, Lyaette ('71) are al10the proud new parents of Jason, born Nov. 13. Greg is a 1970 BSU grad­uate.

Jlnleelt. ltlllda bas been appointed to the position of Manager, Finaneial Aeeounting, for Ore-Ida Foods, Inc. Ishida holds a bachelor's degree in accounting from BSU.

Captain Mark R. LelanDaD bas been named as the Air Foree Outstanding Administration Officer for 1978 at Columbus AFB, Miss. The captain re­ceived his B.A. degree in psychology in 1971 from BSU.

Janette [W.meb] Jolmson, 1974 BSU

graduate, is now employed by Learning World, Inc. of Seattle, as Retail Pur­chaser of Educational Aids. She married Mark Johnson on Dec. 29.

L)'Dile [Begubl] Ekstrom, a 1973 grad of BSU, is teaching first grade at Juni­per Elementary School in Bend, Oregon. She was married to Herb Ekstrom on Dec. 22.

BSU grad Gelado "Bad" Valdes is cur­rently teaching a pottery class in Nampa. Valdez received a degree in art education from BSU.

Artist of the Month for January was Vtrpda Roaeenu. She bas studied for fifteen years, including classes at BSU. She held the "Artist of the Month" honor for the Idaho First National Bank pro­gram.

Brenda Rae lqram became the bride of Michael D. Harrower Dec. 2. The bride graduated from BSU in 1976 as a registered nurse. She is working in the coronary intensive unit at Parkview

Hospital in Idaho Falls.

John Brigs and the former Dawn Bowers were married Dec. 22. Both are graduates of BSU.

Catherine Unk became the bride of Doqlas Stephenson on Dec. 8. Both graduated from BSU Vo-Tech School.

Katherine Hawes and Stephen Braun were married Dec. 16. The bridegroom is a 1977 graduate of Boise State.

JUI BarnbUI and Richard Fletcher were married Feb. 3. The bride is presently attending BSU. Fletcher is a recent graduate of BSU, and is employed by Mannings, Inc.

John Gamboa and S1LMD 'l'laacbberry were married Dee. 23. The bride is a BSU graduate, while her husband attends Creighton Univ�rsity in Oritaha, Neb.

A Dec. 22 Wedding united Barbra Pennln1ton and Patrick Huntington. The bride attended Boise State Uni­versity.

PRESIDENT CHAFFEE, right, at ground breaking ceremony for the

new Administration Building in 1940.

BJCI might be a skirt io sheer woolens io lovely spring eolors selling for Sl.98 and S2.98. "Angel Wing" sweaters were also selling for S1.98. These had soft, fuzzy "angel wing" sleeves and sweetheart neddines.

During 1979 the 1 Percent Initiative will mean many different things to many different people. But had it been estab­lished during the 1936-37 school year at Boise Junior College, the voters would have been pleased because then-presi­dent Eugene B. Chaffee's salary was only $1,500 a year.

He was also allowed $300 to campaign during the summer months for new stu­dents. Some of the other salaries ranged from $1,215 for A.B. Carson, who taught math, physics and engineering; $1,350 for Camille B. Powers, Dean of Women, who also taught French and Spanish, whereas E.J. Faust, who taught Ger­man, and Helen M. Farrer, who taught dramatics, were paid $400 and $150 per year.

Camille Powers

$1,350 salary

Ascordiog to Chaffee's book "An Idea Grows ... A History of Boise College," during the college's first year, it was too new to have an organized athletic pro­gram. Therefore, the major extracur· ricular activity was elrama, taught by Miss Gail Hungerford, a elrama teacher at St. Margaret's Academy.

But football was a successful endeavor at B.J .C., even though it started slowly. .According to the Les Bois 1939 annual, the squad was small compared to their opponents, yet they were scrappy, and Coach Jacoby, though new to the Junior College, proved to be a real asset.

Their first three games played were against La Grande, Oregon, Albion, Idaho, and the University of Idaho, Southern Branch. They were defeated by these three teams. However, this didn't slow them down. For their home­coming game they defeated Ricks Col­lege and the next win was against Mesa Junior College.

The captain and co-captain that year were Don Stephens and Lawrence Wick­lund. They were awarded this honor at the annual football banquet and dance at the Owyhee Hotel.

And no pep rallies or football games would be complete without yell leaders to cheer the student body and players on. These two active freshmen were Gene Frazier and Helen Marr Archibald.

On Oct. 27, 1939� the Roundup said, the Broncs football team and supporters "will stampede into Caldwell tonight by bus, car, and even Modei-T Ford. Their arrival will send the good citizens of Caldwell scurrying for cover. And when we tum loose our football team against their eleven, certain massacres will

C!:\oc1Js.-:ttn

UNION PACIFIC depot, from 1939 yearbook

result · we hope. We'll sure be pulling for it anyway."

"We must get there in good condition with Jots of pep, tum the reign over to the cheer leaders and make a racket that will blow the Caldwell fans out of the stadium. Give it everything you've got! We11 see you there."

And as appeared in The Roundup, Nov. 10, 1939, there was a new football yell that went like this: "Well alright, fight!" And BJC's new football yell, writ­ten by Dee Anderson, swelled the sides of the gymnasium at the weekly assem­bly Wed., Oct. 18. Ledby Bill Stevens and Joe Gough, yell leaders, the yell was introduced to the student body.

"It seemed to take well with the fans and will be put to use for the first time at tonight's football game with Caldwell," the paper said.

Now on the lighter side, and as the saying goes, "into each Ufe some rain must fall." For Professor Euaene Chaf­fee this took the form of a yellowjacket

that, according to an article io the Oet. 23, 1933 issue of The Roundup "entered the room and went buzzing around his head. It was great amusement for the class to see Mr. Chaffee dodging around in front of the room, trying to elude the persistent ioseet."

Where have all the drugstore foun­tains gone? Well, in 1932 the place to meet for a chocolate or lemon coke was

Greigs 4 in One Store located in Boise next to the Public School Field.

And who doesn't remember the W .A.A. Hunt? Because on Oet. 11, 1933, the W .A.A. &pODsored their first trea­sure hunt under the direetion of Billy Callaway and Lucille Neleon on Wednes­day. The trail was marked by red n'b· bons hung on various objects aloq the way and led out behind the barracks. There Blanche Wemelle unearthed the treasure of lollipops, and after the girls had enjoyed a supper of weiners, bacon and buns, they headed for home in can.

The Roundup also recorded these highlights:

Oct. 12, 1939 - Last Saturday the Boise Junior College faculty and their families had a picnic at Long's swimming pool near Idaho City.

Featured entertainment for the event included not only water sports but also a lively softball game. In the evening Mr. Strachan led the group in community singing.

Oct. 13, 1939 - And don't forget the Wallflower Club. They are having a rush dinner for their prospective pledges this evening, Friday 13th, before the football game.

Jan. 26, 1940 - Elections were held last Wednesday at the weekly meeting of the Pre-Med Club. New officers elected were: Bob Monk, president; Harold Allender, vice-president; Melba Rob­erts, secretary-treasurer.

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

A Feb. 3 wedding united Cheryl Statt­ner and Tony Muldoon. The groom attended BSU and is employed by Chandler Corporation.

Denise Janicek and James Beekdolt were wed Jan. 27. He attended BSU and is employed by J. W. Distributing.

Greg Young and Linda Armstrong were wed Dec. 23. He is a BSU graduate and is employed by the Meridian School District.

Bonnie Gier and William Smual ex­changed wedding vows Dec. 13. The bridegroom majored in business admin­istration.

Glenn Howard and Tammy Jones were married Dec. 15. She attended BSU and he is enrolled in the BSU radiology program, and is employed at Mercy Medical Center.

A candlelight ceremony united Betty Kalmbach and Steve Standley Dec. 16.

Tim Clemens and Katie McKenna were married Dec. 22. The bridegroom is a BSU graduate and an Idaho Power

Co. employee.

Nancy Motley and Tyler Shepherd were wed Dec. 24. The bride graduated in May from the BSU School of Nursing and is employed as a registered nurse at Washoe Medical Center, Reno.

Steve Williams and Peggy Porter were married Dec. 30. The bridegroom is a grad of BSU, and is employed by Williams Office Equipment.

Paul Smithee and Tracey Rogers were married Jan. 5.

Melody Farish became t.he bride of Douglas Cook during nuptial rites per­formed Dec. 22. The bride attended BSU and is currently employed by Tom Mor­ris Equipment, Homedale.

D. ZUDdel and Terrie Clark were mar­ried Dec. 17. He is a BSU grad and is employed by Century 21 Real Estate.

Karen Boehm and IUehard Johnson were wed Feb. 24. She is a BSU grad, and is employed by St. Luke's Hospital, while her husband, who also attended BSU, is employed by M-K Co.

Scott Brown and Ranelle Nabring were married Dec. 9. He is a BSU grad­uate, and is manager of the Potter's Center.

CoDDie Knodel and Michael Blackburn were wed Feb. 10. She attended BSU for one year, while her husband plans on attending Boise State.

Obituaties Claude M. Marsolek, 25, died in Boise

Jan. 7. He had recently attended BSU.

ADD Budge, 23, died in Boise Dec. 31. She had attended BSU for two years, and was currently enrolled in ISU.

Ronda llapll Y ott, 30, died Jan. 13 as a result of an automobile accident. She graduated from Boise State College, with a degree in Library and Social Sciences.

BJC alumna Geneva GObert, 50, died Dec. 22.

Lavoa W. Palmer, 51, died Jan. 4. He attended Boise State College.

Former BSU student David W. Nylander, 27, died Jan. 18.

Funeral services for Ralph James Ben­nett, 62, were conducted Feb. 6 in Parma. He was born in Mountain Home and attended Boise Junior College and the College of Idaho. After servii g in World War II he farmed in the Roswell area and had taught school in Parma since 1964.

Engagements Vicki House and DeDDis Gribble, wed­

ding. July

Tara Crisp and Dean Briggs, wedding March 3

Sheila Pratt and Robert Reyuer Lori Keene and Jim Henun, wedding

March 2 Teresa Jensen and Roger Carlson Linda Conan and NeD Williaaaa, wedding

March 24 Mary Pat Chapman and Cvtia Bania,

wedding March 10 Janet Williams and Bill Peek Claudia Engle and Dan Barpner, wed­

ding March 31 Kimbell Skinner and Dennis Job ·

-.cas a

Broncos look to 'Pride I Games With the big hope gone ... a spot in the

Big Sky playoffs ... Boise State's Broncos will head north with their 4-8 conference record for an "even up" match with the Idaho Vandals and a historical final appearance in Kennedy Pavilion at Gonzaga.

BSU's playoff dreams were dashed last weekend in a last straw home court defeat by Montana State after the Broncos had stayed alive by beating a good Montana elub and night before.

The Broncos may now be out of the playoff picture, but the weekend games (Idaho Feb. 23 and Gonzaga Feb. 24) should put new meaning into the "play for pride" adage.

For one thing, Bus Connor's players remember the drubbing they took when Donnie Newman and the rest of the Idaho Vandals ran, jumped, and re­bounded their way to an unprecedented 20 point win in front of a disappointed Bronco crowd. It was the worst Bronco effort, at least at home, of the season.

If the Broncos lose, it will be the first time in history they have been swept by their two in-state rivals, Idaho and Idaho State.

Then against Gonzaga, a team BSU barely beat here, BSU hopes to eloud the playoff picture and go out on a winning

First Track -Title on Line

The Big Sky Conference will hold its first-ever indoor track and field cham­pionships Feb. 23-24 at the Minidome in Pocatello.

Coach Ed Jacoby's squad could be in the thick of the battle with Weber, Northern Arizona, Idaho State, and Idaho.

But it will be an uphill battle to beat all of the schools because their athletes have been training indoors all winter, while BSU's have been set back by the cold Boise weather.

Despite their lack of training, the Broncos have looked good in the four meets they have been to so far, says Jacoby.

Runners who have raced well include Kenrick Camerud, 400 meters; Sean Cafferty, high hurdles; Mike Henry, Stan Link. and Dave Steffens, distances.

The outdoor season will begin March 3 in Bronco Stadium with a men and women's All Comers Meet starting at noon.

Women· Find

Win Column Boise State's women's basketball team

finally got on the winning track this month after a long drought.

After coach Connie Thorngren's team found out what it was like to win, they have improved their record to 5-14 over­all and 2-8 in the Nortllwest League.

In their last home stand the Broncos split a pair of games, against the Mon­tana universities, first beating U-M 54-47 and later losing to MSU by one point, 71-70.

Ironically, in those two games Boise State's two Montana natives took turns making baskets against their home-state rivals. Against Montana, Vicki Hileman, Whitefish, came away with 24 points, and against Montana State, Ruth Fugle­berg, Polson, netted another 24.

Fugleberg, a freshman, continues to lead the Broncos with 279 points and 170 rebounds on the year. Hileman is second in scoring with 257 points, and Nancy Phillips is runner-up in rebounds.

Four home games close out the BSU season. First will be a tough in-state rematch against Idaho State Feb. 23. It will be followed by a pair against the University of Alaska Feb. 25-27 and then Washington State March 3.

note in their last Spokane game before the Bulldogs leave the Big Sky.

Adding spice to those two games is the fact that the Broncos have played unusually well on the road this year, in some cases better than at home. It is a pattern atypical of the Big Sky.

BSU's biggest (and only) road win this year came against league leader Weber

State, a team that almost never loses in its Dee Special Events Center. But the· travelmg Hroncos also took second place Idaho State and Northern Arizona down to the wire too, losing both of those in the last seconds.

The series will mark the final appear­ances of three senior Broncos.

That trio includes Carl Powell. who

still has fans talking about his 40 point effort (third highest game total by a Bronco) against ISU; Shawn McKenna, the Capital High star who bas turned into a steady "big man" the last two years; and Freddie Williams, who came off an early season hand injury to give the Broncos forecourt leadership and scoring.

,

Vicki Hileman; More Than

by Charlotte Silver Women's Sports Information

Looking at her skills and credentials, most would think Vicki Hileman bas been playing varsity basketball ever since her grade school years.

Not so. Ironically for a player who bas a trophy room full of honors, Vicki didn't have a basketball team to play on until she was a senior at Whitefish High School in Montana.

Concerned about the absence of girls' basketball in that northern Montana town, Vicki and a friend circulated a petition to determine the community's interest and supl?ort.

Whitefish agreed . . . there should be girls' basketball, and the next season Vicki and her friend had a team.

Now the Bronco co-captain and only senior on the squad, Vicki has come a long way since her one year of organized basketball in high school.

She was a member of the Flathead Valley Community College in Kalispell that advanced to the junior college finals two years in a row.

She earned national tournament first team honors and was later invited to turn out for the U.S. Pan American Games team. Later she was honored as female athlete of the year at Flathead

VIcki Hileman (#22) In action

and was named to the Montana first team before coming to in 1977.

Last year she was a prestigious Wade Trop award given to the best ketball player in the U.S. been nominated for that

But the 5-7 guard excells basketball. She is majoring where she has earned a 3 average.

During the summers she accountant in Kalispell, and waiting there with the firm of Eigelman after graduation. professional goal is to become public accountant.

At Whitefish High School she was named to the Society and at Flathead listed in Who's Who In munity Colleges.

Vicki credits her paren�s. Leona Hileman, for their encouragement and skills and interests. mentals were learned at yard games with both two sisters playing.

The Hilemans have both ployed by the Burlington No road in Whitefish. Her father

Three Who11 Be Missed

an Athlete retired and both parents frequently travel to Boise State for home games and to road games around the Northwest.

Vicki participated in track and field in high school and junior college in sprints, the high jump, and in discus and shot.

Mrs. Hileman, not Vicki, said that at Flathead Valley her daughter qualified for national competition in the javelin also. Vicki enjoys skiing, softball, and volleyball, and thinks that golf will be her next "serious" sport experience.

Women's basketball coach Connie Thorngren says Vicki's outstanding bas­ketball talent is obvious.

"I want to emphasize that she's an outstanding person in all ways. She's a fine athlete, a top student, and a superior leader. Her team leadership is

evident during games but her attitude, outlook, and personality set the tone for the team in far more than game situa­tions."

"When a team is winning it's easy to maintain a positive outlook. Individual character, toughness and resilience are truly revealed when a team with a win­ning tradition begins to experience losing.

"Vicki has proven her ability to measure up in a negative situation. She helps all of us accentuate the positive."

H n·1·- 1:• ' . .! r ( • • rJ • • a ,.

-Wrestlers· Primed for Sixth Title Every year the storyline is the same ...

a slow start, mid-season improvement, and viola!, by tournament time the Boise State wrestlers are primed to take home another trophy for their crowded case.

This year coach Mike Young followed the plot to the letter. All that's left is the ending, which will unfold Feb. 24 at the Big Sky Conference championships in Pocatello.

If he's successful, this will be the sixth time in a row Young's crew will be con­ference champions.

Boise State capped off another good year with an 11·5 record, which included wins against all Big Sky opponents and Washington State from the Pac-10.

In fact, the Broncos were the only Big Sky team to finish with a winning dual ' meet record and their 4-0 conference mark ran the six year record to an un­believable 25 wins·2 losses against Big Sky teams.

But those glittering records will only be an indication, not a guarantee, of suc­cess in a tournament setting, where the Broncos haven't been as impressive in

the won-loss column this year. As always, Boise State's most success­

ful coach goes into the tournament with guarded optimism.

"If we can get everybody back in the line-up, we'll be in good position."

Indeed, injuries could play a big role in this year's tournament outcome. Young now has three starters on the sidelines, Don Rowell with a bad shoulder, Elroy Thompson with the flu and Rex Edwards with a blood disorder. Edwards is ques­tionable for the meet, but the other two should be in good repair by then, says Young.

Two seniors will be back to defend the titles they won last year. One is 118 lb. Mark Jordine, who also was named the conference meet's outstanding wrestler last year, the fourth time out of six years a Bronco has won that honor.

Jordine has piled up the most impres­sive record on the team, 16-6.

The other champion back is Brad All­red, who won last year at 142 lbs. but dropped to 134 lbs. this season. He stands at 19-11-2.

Young also has high hopes for fresh­man Scott Barrett, who comes in at 16-10-2 in the 126lb. category.

The last seven weights will be filled by Joe Styron (1421bs.), Rex Edwards (150

Gymnasts Gear for Big Meet

After posting their biggest win of the gymnastics season Feb. 15 in Seattle, coach Ed Zimmer's team will return home Feb. 24 for another tough meet with Montana, Portland State, and Seattle Pacific.

Starting time is 1 p.m. in Bronco Gym­nasium.

The meet will be a re-match for Port­land State, a team BSU beat by only one point in the Seattle win. Pac-10 school Washington State was only five points behind in third, with Seattle University last.

. That win put the gymnasts at 10-5 for the year.

Again, the Broncos showed balance in all events, taking second in vault (Leslie Bastian), beam (Patty Rintala), and floor exercises (Rintala); third in bars (Jerrie Sievers), and over-all (Rin�ala).

Not counting a Feb. 17 meet in Ore­gon, Patti Rintala leads the total season scoring so far with 265.3 points. She is followed by Michelle Kingsbury, Cecily Corder, and Pam Coker.

Rintala also leads the team in high scoring for individual events, with 8.55 in vault, 8.1 in beam, 8.3 in floor exer­cise, and 23.45 in all-around. Jerrie Sievers has the highest effort this year in the bars, 8.25.

After the Feb. 24 meet, Boise State will host the University of Idaho March 3 and then travel to the Northwest regional meet in Corvallis, Oregon March 9-20.

lbs.), Elroy Thompson (158 lbs.), Kevin Wood (1671bs.), Bill Braseth (177 lbs.), Dan Rowell (190 lbs.), and either Ray Santuchi or Dave Amsden (Hvwt.).

Young thinks this could be one of the toughest Big Sky tournaments ever for

his squad. "Hopefully our wrestlers can get well

physically and mentally so we can peak at the championships ... Weber State is definitely the team to beat right now," he says.

, FORMER BRONCO Hector Cedillo, now with Athletes in Action, Is tied up

BRAD ALLRED Is one Bronco who must come through If BSU Is to win Its sixth Big Sky Con­ference title In -tllng. Allred, s conference chsmpion st 1421bs., dropped down • weight this year.

Summer Workshops To Study Mexican Cult11e It Business

Do you have a longing for travel "South of the Border"?

Are you a school teacher or a person interested in international business?

Two workshops in Mexico will be part of the Boise State University 1979 spring and summer curriculum sponsored by the Center for Continuing Education and Summer Sessions.

"International Aspects of Business and Mexican Culture," May 20-June 9, and a Mexican culture workshop, July 14-August 2, will both be directed by Dr. Norman D. Gardner, BSU Department of Management and Finance.

Students enrolled in the international business course will begin class work on BSU campus May 5, and will travel to Mexico City May 20. They will be intro­duced to aspects of Mexican economy and business environment such as balance of payments accounting between countries, effects of currency devalua­tion, and financing of international trade.

THEATRE ARTS rehearsals are now underway fo� "The Little Foxes," Lillian Hellman's successful portrait of a grasping Southern family on the rise. Scheduled to play March 2-10 in the BSU Subal Theatre, the drama, called "a superlative vehicle for actors," by New York Times drama critic Clive Barnes, will be directed by Dr. William Shenk­weiler. Laura L. Barsness will star as the eldest sister of a family who Barnes says, "fights among itself like an aquarium of cannibal sharks." Robert Bradshaw, Mack Guymon and Dan Mink will play her brothers, and David Farnsworth, her husband.

The workshop in "Mexican Culture for Elementary and Secondary School Teachers" will also offer study of Mexi­can history, culture, economics and religion, with field trips to ancient ruins and museums.

For further information on the work­shops, contact the BSU Center for Con­tinuing Education and Summer Ses­sions, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, 385-3364.

City Air in VIOlation A Boise State University chemist has

gathered some scientific figures that prove what most Boiseans suspect . . . the c�ty's air re'lilly is as dirty as it looks.

Chartres Talk Malcolm Miller, guide and lecturer at

the famous Chartres Cathedral in central France, will return to Boise State March 8 for a free slide-illustrated talk begin­ning at 7:30 p.m. in the Special Events Center.

Miller was at BSU during his 1977 lec­ture tour of tbe U.S.

The 46-year old Englishman bas shared his knowledge with thousands of tourists and students since 1958. During the winter months be lectures world­wide on the art and architecture of the building. Last year he gave 23 talks in 15 states and Canada.

The Gothic cathedral in the small town southwest of Paris was built in the 13th century and has been the scene of Chris­tian pilgrimages ever since.

BSU chemistry professor Loren Car­ter monitored downtown air for the last three months of 1978 and found that Boise was in frequent violation of federal Environmental Protection Act stan­dards.

The problem, says Carter, is a heavy concentration of hydrocarbons which come mainly from car exhausts. Those react with nitrogen oxide, which also comes from cars, to form oxidants, otherwise known as plain old smog.

Those oxidants can be irritating to the lungs and eyes, and in extreme cases cause a health hazard. ,

Carter says Boise was in violation of the federal standards 14 times during the three months he measured the air. Cities are given one free violation, but after the second offense they are break­ing the law.

But because the federal government doesn't take measurements for hydro­carbons in Boise, the city bas avoided being charged with any violations.

Carter explains that his measure­ments include methane, which is ex­cluded from the federal hydrocarbon standards. Since methane makes up about 50 percent of the hydrocarbons, Carter cut his total in half and still came up with the 14 violation figure.

October was the worst month for hydrocarbon pollution. On the heaviest day that month Carter registered 12;960 micrograms of hydrocarbons per cubic meter of air, as opposed to federal stan­dards of 160 micrograms.

Several times that month there were heavy concentrations one day and almost none the next.

Carter says that is caused by inver­sions where warm air traps the cold air

and pollutants in the valley. There were about eight days like that in October.

Some of the hydrocarbons can be traced to wood and weed burning. Boise bas no industrial plants that emit hydro­carbons, so most of them come from cars and trucks, Carter says.

Carter has ordered more sophisticated 'equipment that can test for specific hydrocarbons. Carter says the goal of that research will be to see if there are

any cancer-causing compounds in the air, and if so, how serious they are.

Carter added that Boise must come under federal standards by 1982.

Nothing Ve�tured,

Nothing Gained by Dr. Jerry Reed

Center for Research, Grants and Contracts

Almost every month that I put out the BSU Grants BuUetin I marvel at the many opportunities there are for various kinds of grants. And each month I think to myself, "There are some real interesting items this time that should bring in a proposal (application) or two-or at least some enthusiastic inquiries."

But that hasn't been the case, and I often wonder why. Is it because faculty/staff workloads are so heavy that this additional grant-seeking activity would be a real burden? Is the seeming reluctance to pursue grants brought on, in part, because it is felt that there is neither merit consideration nor salary raise attached to it? Maybe the problem is that no released time from other duties is given. Or possibly it is an aversion to getting involved in "bureaucratic red tape."

Whatever the reason or reasons, quite a number of attractive grant notices (requests for proposals) are being ignored by people who have the expertise to try for them. And, in times of tight money and 1 percent initiatives, one wonders why.

One possible explanation centers around the problem of getting too dependent on "soft money." It is argued that it's too easy to accept these grant funds, base personnel and programs on them, and then see them suddenly disappear at the whim or fancy of Federal budget cut-backs. The reasoning being, in this case, that it is better to have a little that is solid and relatively dependable, than to build castles of sand.

BSU and State of Idaho officials understand the ramifications of Federal subsidization and because of that have set policies relative to grant application, grant program acceptance and "future pickup costs." These policies require (in BSU's case) that all grant proposals and appli­cations be reviewed for potential and actual future pickup costs prior to being submitted to a funding agency. If future pickup costs appear to be too -much of an obhgatiOn on the institution's future financial resources, submission of the proposal can be denied. There are, however, a good many grant programs that provide funds for a variety of activities that will not require future fiscal obligations. Some of these can fill in where local and/or State funds are not available and help make possible educa­tional programs that would otherwise not be feasible. It is in this last category that BSU is, to some extent, missing the boat.

Nevertheless, I'll be the first to admit that a lot of time and effort can go into a grant proposal that often has only a 50-50 chance (or less) of being approved. But we have to think positive and remember the old adage, "nothing ventured - nothing gained."

Last, but certainly not least, is this one important additional point: If you would like to try for a grant but just don't feel that you have either the time or expertise for the detail required in proposal preparation, let the Center for Research, Grants and Contracts know of your interest. Personnel in the Center can do a lot of the detail work for you.

"PHANTOMS" OF bona and tissue pose In the BSU radiologic tfdmology X-ray lab as clinical coordinator James Jensen points out equipment and handling procedures to student Jennie Deaver while Instructors Bruce Munk, left, and Rex Profit watch.

Allied Health Program Offers Varied Career Opportunities

A CARDIAC arreet? Showing emergency procedure for clearing reeplretory passages to allow airway breathing Is Lonnie Ashworth, BSU respiratory therapy Instructor, while Dr. James

Jensen, clinical coordinator, looks on. Student• In RT coureea alao learn to deal with auch respiratory aliments as 11thma and cystic fibrosis.

·

Where can you learn to: -Help premature babies to breathe? -Take X-Rays? -Work in a hospital records depart-ment?

The BSU Department of Allied Health Studies now offers programs in res­piratory Therapy, radiologic technology, and medical records technology, all fields where students can expect the job market to be excellent, according to Conrad Colby, department chairman. • Additional "fifth year" study with internship in area hospitals, is included in the Medical Technology course.

"There are openings in these fields throughout the state and the North­west," Colby points out, citing the nationwide trend for expansion in the health care services and demand for more trained persons to provide this care.

While conducting a recent tour of cam- nology program director Duane Akroyd. pus Allied Health facilities in which he The course, like respiratory therapy, pointed out "some of the best equipment can be taken for a three year associate or available," Colby discussed aspects of four year baccalaureate degree. each of the health related studies. Conducted in the Student Health Ser-

Aeute, Chrome, Dlaeues vices Building on BSU campus, class-Respiratory Therapy students are rooms include a lead-lined X-ray room

trained to care for patients ill with such donated two years ago when Caldwell ailments as severe colds and pneumonia, Memorial Hospital moved into a new and chronic pulmonary conditions such building. as emphysema, asthma, and cystic "Our X-ray equipment here would be fibrosis-the most common genetic dis- worth over $50,000 new," says Akroyd, order in the U.S. pointing out that here students learn to

Students in the course study with area take X-rays as they practice on radio-physicians in theory and laboratory ses- graphic "phantoms"---bones and tissue sions. Hospital surgery room training is set in plastic body part replicas. TheJt included after students have completed also help with taking BSU Health Ser-their basic classroom and laboratory vices X-rays and spend two summers in work. area clinics and hospitals, learning prac-

Radiologists study "Phantoms" tical application of their skills. "Our radiologists are usually hired Scores Above National Average

immediately," says Radiologic Tech- The two year medical records tech-

nology course directed by Elaine Rockne boasts graduates who have consistently performed well above the average in national examinations. Jobs are avail­able in a variety of places including hos­pitals, doctors' offices, state depart­ments of health, clinics, group health maintenance organizations, prisons, and veterinary hospitals. Those completing the associate degree program will fmd "no one goes without a job who wants to work," Rockne says.

Training in medical records tech­nology includes learning to transcribe, code and audit medical records. Before completing their work at BSU, students spend four weeks training in Boise area medical records facilities.

The Allied Health courses all begin with a pre-professional year of study in anatomy, chemistry, English, psychol­ogy and mathematics.

---- � OC1.JS -People on the MoviBOt------­ln Mgmt-Finance

Dr. Roger Roderick and Wayne White will conduct a workshop on Idaho avia­tion maintenance management at the Royal Inn, Feb. 23-24. Topics will include general aviation, federal regula­tions and practices, aviation law, and current maintenance topics. Workshop sponsors are: Aviation Maintenance Foundation, Inc., Basin, Wyo., the Fed­eral Aviation Association, the Idaho Dept. of Transportation, Division of Aeronautics, and BSU.

Wayne E. White, director of Aviation. Management, has completed Phase ill of his-research study on aviation history in Idaho. His work covers: 1900-1930, 1930-1950, 1950-1970. Additional research on the material is in progress.

In Economics During January, Dr. Job MitdteD

spoke on the economic outlook to the Downtown Rotary Club, Lincoln Nation­al Sales Corporation, Les Bois Kiwanis Club, and to the Boise Chamber of Com­merce at an economic outlook breakfast.

Dr. Riebard Payne participated in a steel industry economics seminar spon­sored by the American Iron & Steel In­stitute and the University of Washing-

ton graduate school business adminis­tration, in Seattle, �an. 17-19.

Dr. Barry A am us spoke recently to the Idaho Medical Association on the "High Cost of Medicine in Idaho," and on "Sugar Price Supports and Other Eco­nomic Interventurisms," to the Nampa Chamber of Commerce. He has also recently addressed the Idaho Life Underwriters on "Capitalism and the State of the World" and JUB Engineers on "New Energies-Promise or Peril?''

Dr. Donald Billing• has given two early 1979 speeches: "Economic Outlook for 1979," to the Purchasing Manage­ment Association of Oregon - Idaho Divi­sion, and "U.S. Inflation and the Balance of International Payments," to the Southwest Idaho Lion's Club midwinter convention.

Billings also testified on the economics of usury laws to the House Business Committee, of.the Idaho Legislature.

Dr. Dennie Flynn gave his paper "Chinese Monetary Disruptions and the Decline of Spain," to .the University of

'Washington economic history seminar in Seattle last Fall. Flynn's article "A New Perspective on the Spanish Price Revo­lution: The Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments," appears in the

October 13, 1978 issue of Explorations in Economic History.

Dr. Donald Holly recently spoke to the Idaho Legislature Joint Select Commit­tee on Revenue Projection. He spoke also before the Feb. 7 meeting of the Idaho Consumer Finance Association on "The Impact of Credit in Idaho."

Holly, with Richard Payne, June Gregory and Dennis Gribble, has recently published "Projections of En­rollment in Public Institutions of Higher Education in Idaho: 1975-2000."

In Business Education Dr. Marvin Clark, chairman of the

Department of Business Education and Office Administration, recently attended a meeting to plan the Fall, 1979, invita­tional conference of Business Teacher Educators. The conference will be co­sponsored by BSU, Arizona, San Jose, Utah, and Montana universities at Snowbird, Utah Sept. 12-15, and will explore new directions in collegiate busi­ness teacher education.

Clark also presented a paper on "Word Processing in the Modern Office" to the Utah State University Business and Dis­tributive Education winter workshop in Salt Lake City, Jan. 27.

In Engineering Norman Dahm has been elected state

president of Professional Engineers in Education, a section of the Idaho Society of Professional Engineers.

In Health Sciences Dr. Victor H. Duke, Dean of the

School of Health Sciences, has been appointed to serve on the medical educa­tion committee of the Ada County Medi­cal Society. He has also been appointed chairman of a subscriber interest sub­committee to work with the staff of Blue Cross-Blue Shield.

Dr. James R. Jeneen, chairman of the publications committee of the American Assocciation for Respiratory Therapy, will attend committee meetings Feb. 23-24 in Dallas.

Conrad Colby has been appointed chairman of the Department of Allied Health Studies, which includes pro: grams in respiratory therapy, radiologi­cal technology, medical records, medical assistant, and medical technology. Colby was formerly the director of respiratory therapy here.

Gf<n.ls 12

Calif. Women

Show Artwork A two-part exhibit of works of con­

temporary women artists, "Nine From Los Angeles," will be on display in the Boise State University Gallery through March 29.

Showing mixed media in the exhibit will be Carol Tolin, whose expression­istic paintings and drawings were dis­played earlier this year in a one-woman show at BSU. Ruth Rippner will also show mixed media.

Watercolors will be exhibited by Renata Zeiner, Ruth Snyder and Pat Berger. Shirley Kalisk will show her etchings, Fran Raboff, sculpture; Diane Destiny, visual poetry and collage; Joan Edelstein, colage and acrylic; Harriet Zeitlin, intaglio and relief.

Hours at the University Gallery, which is located on the first floor of the Liberal Arts Building, are 9:30 a.m. to 4:30p.m. weekdays.

Y0111g Writers Here About 300 Boise high school students

were at BSU Feb. 19 for a day-long Young Writers Conference.

The students, chosen by their teach­ers, participated in seminars and work­shops designed to encourage writing.

Several writers from the Idaho States­man and BSU professors led seminars on subjects such as brevity, political report­ing, sentence structure, and publica­tions.

Other area writers and public rela­tions experts also participated in the conference.

Newsm• Bradley

Speaks at BSU ED BRADLEY, CBS News corres­pondent, was at BSU for Black History Week. Beside his lecture, historian Ed Reynolds talked on African slave trade, the Gospel Choir from Mt. Home Air Base sang, and there was lectures, poetry readings and films all the week of Feb. 12-18.

The staff of the Theatre Arts Depart­ment participated in the annual Idaho Invitational Theatre Arts Festival at BSU Jan. 25-27, where all acted as judges for the talent scholarship com­petition. Workshops were conducted by Dr. William Shaakweiler, Fraak K. Heise, Stephea R. Buss, Roger L. Bedard and Dr. Charles Lauterbach. Bedard was faculty sponsor of the festi­val and was assisted by student Melanie Yellen.

Shankweiler will direct the next department production, "The Little Foxes," with Heise and Buss providing scenery and costumes for the play.

Ericson is serving this year as presi­dent of the Idaho Alliance for Arts Edu­cation.

Bedard has been invited to deliver a paper before the Children's Theatre Association at the national convention of the American Theatre Association in New York in August.

He and Buss, with several BSU Theatre Arts majors, attended the Northwest Drama Conference in Port­land Feb. 1-3, where they participated in workshops and viewed the regional com­petition of the American Collegiate Theatre Festival.

Lauterbach bas submitted an ex-

cold-drill The 1979 edHion of BSU'a prize winning llt .. ry rnaga­

zlnethe cold-drill will go on Nle M.n:h 1 at the Unlveralty bookatore for $2 a copy.

Edited by Rhonda Boothe, Klngaton, and Jamea Juat, Firth, thla yeer'a cold-drill contain a poema, ahort atortea, photogrtpha end llluatretlona choMn from about 500 entrtea. Over SO artlata end Mlthora, moat of them BSU atudenta, are repreaented.

The new laaue contain a a apec:lll "Kold Drtll Komlx" NC> tlon with certoona and art lei" Including "The a .. t Comic Booka ln ldllho" and ''The King of Komlx."

Wortt by poeta William Stafford and Joaephlne Mil" Ia Included asia a new aectlon on poetry and calligraphy.

Last yeracold-drlll won flrat place In national competi­tion aponaored by the Coordinating Council of LH .. ry Magazln" In N- Vorl!. The two prwloua laauea placed aecond In that conteet and alao won flrat pi- honora In competition aponaored by Columbia UnlveraHy.

The magazine Ia publlahed by the BSU Engllah Depart· rnent and Ia printed at the BSU Prtntlng and Graphics Center.

"lnksect" by Stephen Hackney ©the cold-drill, 1978-1979 Department of English Boise State University

Buddy Rich, Jazz Bands Coming I Drummer Buddy Rich and orchestra

leaders Lew Tabackin and Toshiko Aki­yoshi will be at Boise State University Feb. 21-22 to participate in the school's annual Jazz Festival.

They will be joined by 35 junior high and high school jazz ensembles from Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Montana, and Utat:

panded version of a paper he delivered before the American Society for Theatre Research for publication in a society book on Western American theatre.

In History Ohio History has published an article

by Dr. Hugh Lovin on "The 'Farmer· Labor' Movement in Ohio in the 1930's."

Dr. Robert C. Sims worked with two consultants on a script development grant for a film on Japanese Americans at UCLA Jan. 31-Feb. 1.

In early February, Dr. Jolm A. Caylor gave a slide lecture to the Civil War Roundtable on the assassination of Abra­ham Lincoln.

Dr. Relaado Booaebea delivered a talk on Cuban Military of 1933 at the annual Cuban Studies Conference in January, and attended the National Review Panel of the National Endowment for the Humanities in Washington, D.C. Bona­cbea has published a book review in HWpcmic-American Hutory Review on Cuban-Soviet relations. He is the cam­pus faculty advisor to the minority cul­ture student organization.

A concert by Rich and his big band will highlight Wednesday activities. Rich, known as the "world's greatest drum­mer," is familiar to American television audiences through his appearances on Johnny Carson's "Tonight" show.

Both the Buddy Rich and Tabackin/ Toshiko concerts will start at 8:15 p.m. in the Student Union Ballroom. Admis­sion to Buddy Rich is $6 �eneral and S5

Dr. Michael P. Zlrinsky presented a paper on "The Crisis in Iran: A Histor­ian's View" to the annual convention of the Idaho Political Science Association on campus Feb. 9.

In Music Piano instructor Madeleille Hsu is giv­

ing a series of February-March perfor­mances in Treasure Valley schools and churches. Her former student Bret Sim­mons performed in Germany during fall, 1978, and another former pupil Mark Wilson is now completing an M.A. degree in piano performance at Peabody Conservatory, and bas had compositions published by Studio P /R Faculty.

In late January, the BSU Concert Band, directed by Melvill L. SheltoD and assisted by Dr. Jolm BalchriD, gave a reading clinic to area junior high and high school band directors. The annual clinic is designed to allow directors a chance to see the scores for many new works and to hear how they sound when performed.

. William Taylor, professor of voice, gave a master class in voice at the Uni­versity of Montana, Missoula, Feb. 16-17, where he also judged the state National Association of Teachers of

for BSU students. The Thursday concert is $4 general.

Tickets can be purchased at the BSU music department, Student Union Build­ing, or the Musicworks at Overland and Fairview in Boise.

Admission to the high school jazz ensemble performances and clinics is free.

Singing competition for Montana high schools and colleges.

Taylor was recently appointed North­west Governor for the National Opera Association. He is also a member of the NOA Board of Directors.

In Political Science Dr. Earl Fry's book on foreign invest­

ment in the United States is now being printed by McGraw-Hill, and should be released sometime next fall.

Dr. Gary Moac:reif presented a study on "Idaho State Legislator's Perceptions of Representation and Constituency" at a department colloquium Feb. 8.

In Chemistry Drs. Lorea Carter and Robert Elli1

have become members of the Idaho Con­servation League Air Quality Task Force which monitors the air quality portion of the state's transportation con­trol plan.

Ellis, Professor of Chemistry, at­tended meetings of the Idaho Chapter of the American Fisheries Society Jan. 19-20 in McCall where he presented a paper on pond ammonia le_vels and disease in commercial trout liatcheries

�

fiH:x1.ls .,3

BSU Offers State's Only Wastewater Training by Jocelyn Fumio

The only program in the state to pro­vide Idaho with trained water and wastewater operators begins this year at the BSU Vocational-Technical School.

Working on water/wastewater tech· nology curriculum aimed at those enter­ing the field and at upgrading of qualifi­cations for those already working at Idaho water and wastewater facilities are Jim Felton, coordinator, and John Anderson, program instructor.

Under joint grants of the U.S. Envi­ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) and

the Office of Education to the Vo-Tecb School, Anderson is preparing for short schools and seminars which he and Felton will take to operators in Coeur d'Alene, Lewiston, Boise, Twin Falls and Pocatello, beginning in March.

A short course for about 100 Boise area water/wastewater operators was conducted on BSU campus in early Jan­uary, while in February the two con­ducted a 30-hour water/wastewater mathematics class. Beginning Feb. 21, a basic wastewater operators course will be conducted on campus with Felton and Randy Roberts, chief operator for the

A LABORATORY worker In Boise aree wasteweter plant has one of meny Jobs evell8ble ln thet field In Idaho. The BSU Voc:etlonel-Technlcel School Is opening a program In wat•/waatewet• technology this yeer, with cluses for those entering the field beginning next fall and work­shops being conducted thla spring for stele o�atora.

City of Meridian, instructing. Anderson will conduct early March workshops on water distribution for state operators.

Available ia Fall'79 Felton is now planning the beginning

curriculum of the 11-month training pro­gram which will open Fall Semester, 1979 and is also visiting small profes­sional organizations associated with water treatment in the state to advertise the availability of the vo-teeh beginning course. Next fall, about 16 students can be accommodated in the class, he says.

January efforts of the team were also directed to collecting training materials and equipment for visual and training tools. They have already received some donations of equipment.

Felton comes to BSU from beading the training program for wastewater opera­tors at Linn Benton Community College, Albany, Ore. He has also been employed in the industrial waste field by Potlatch Forest, Inc., Lewiston, and was superin­tendent of wastewater treatment for the city of Rupert in 1972-73.

Anderson is a 25-year veteran in water/wastewater technology, and holds Certificate 1 for water operators in Idaho, issued in the early 1960's. He was general manager of Boise Water Cor­poration from 1969-74, and general man­ager for General Waterworks Corpora­tion in Kellogg and Coeur d'Alene, from 1964-69.

Many Opportunities Currently there are a tremendous

number of federal and state dollars going into wastewater and water facilities, Felton says. In Idaho alone, he reports,

· over $22 million are available for need­based construction.

"Because of this," he says, :'there are many opportunities for men and women in plant operations and laboratory tech­nology with beginning salaries usually good ($750-$1,000 per month) and fringe benefits.

The BSU training program is well located in Boise, Anderson and Felton both feel. "We can't afford to buy a wastewater treatment plant," says Fel­ton, "but we have excellent local re­sources. Boise facilities are available for instruction, and have recently expanded with plants at Lander Street and West Boise."

"This is a new industry," Felton points out, "and there is a great need for quali­fied persons in it." He cite recent waste­water construction in Nampa, Caldwell, and Meridian, which has a $6.5 million. facility now about 98 percent completed.

The Boise State curriculum, Felton says, will include training in basic science, mathematics, and mechanical ability and placement of students at area wastewater facilities for on-the-job training. Summer semester will find stu­dents in area plants for regular 40-hour work weeks.

Hope for Aeeodate Dep-ee A vo-teeh certificate will be issued

after completion of the course, and Fel­ton hopes that in a few years BSU will offer a 2-year associate degree in water/

Felton Anderson

wastewater technology. State �rtifica­tion is administered by the Idaho Water and Wastewater Certification Board with the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare.

For water operators already working in Idaho plants, certification is volun­tary, and, according to Anderson, usually by self training. However, he says, there is a trend in the U.S. toward requiring certification, and operators who are certified may find better job opportunities. About 300 operators in the state are already certified or about to be. "We hope that all Idaho cities will recognize the value of having certified water plant operators," he says.

A twelve member advisory committee together with the Idaho State Depart­ment of Health will give curriculum guidance for the program. Members are drawn from water/wastewater superin­tendents, professional engineers and regulatory· agencies.

Sign Language Club

· Meets Mondays The BSU Sip I.anpap Club wOl

meet Monday eveniDc• at 5:30 p.m. at the eampu• multi culture center, 2256 Univeraty Drive. All tho.e iaterelted Ia. promodu& the u.e of llip laquap are welcome. For further iaformation eall 385-1583.

---- � c:DJS -People on the Mov18!e!--------

In Vo-Tech E. Allen Weston attended an architec­

ture seminar and workshop on building material evaluation and selection at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Feb. 4-10. The sessions emphasized the rapidly changing construction environ­ment, legal accountability, product specification requirements and perfor­mance capabilities of building com­ponents.

In Geology Dr. James K. Applegate attended the

steering committee meeting of the Department of Energy geothermal log interpretation program in December at the Naval Postgraduate School, Mon­terey, CA. He also attended a workshop to prepare a manual direct application of geothermal energy at Diamond Lake, Oregon. The meeting was sponsored by the Department of Energy through the Geothermal Resource Council and Ore­gon Institute of Technology.

Dr. Spencer B. Wood attended the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco in December.

Dr. Riellard F. Hardpaaa, Jaae• Sauder. and students attended the

Northwest Mining Association meetmg in Spokane, in December.

Traey Moens, BSU geophysics stu­dent, was recently invited to attend a meeting on the assessment of the Raft River geothermal system at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho Falls.

On Staff Carol Ladwig, assistant athletic direc­

tor for women, attended a January meeting in Los Angeles of the delegate assembly of the Association for Intercol­legiate Athletics for Women.

In Sociology Dr. Mardn W. Scheffer has been ap­

pointed co-chairman of the energy con­servation committee, one of four citizens advisory committees on Boise downtown redevelopment. The committee will be making proposals to Winmar Develop­ment Co. prior to their second redevel­opment presentation.

Dr. Patricia DonaaD has been elected to the board of directors of the Ada County Council on Alcoholism. In Jan­uary, Dorman spoke on "Arbitration and Public Employees" at a meeting of the Idaho Firefighters.

In Biology Dr. IUebard McClo.key has recently

been elected to serve on the Idaho Wild­life Federation Board of Directors, and was the BSU representative for a Jan­uary workshop of the Snake River Basin Geothermal Environmental Workshop.

In Psychology Dr. Wylla Bar.ue .. , with attorney

Deborah Bail, presented a workshop on Women, Economy and the Law at the Feb. 2 conference on Women and the Law at BSU. She also participated in a workshop on assertiveness training sponsored by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in Moses Lake, Wash. in early Feb.

In Education Dr.Riebard L. Hart, Education Dean,

has been appointed a member of the Idaho statewide proficiency testing steering committee which will examine pilot test date, revise tests, and prepare the April, 1979, administration of tests to Idaho 9th grade students.

An article by Hart, "Examine School Effects on Achievement: A Conceptual Model and Example," has been pub-

�shed in the November-December, 1978 Issue of The Journal of Educational Re­search.

$10,000 for a nutrition education and training program needs assessment has been granted to the Teacher Education and Library Science Department. Dr. Hart will direct the project, assisted by Judy French, Elaiue Lona, and Lenette Anglemyer. Experts from Idaho will col­lect data to identify needs and make recommendations to the Idaho Depart­ment of Education.

On Staff Robert Pyle, operations director for

KAID-TV, has been named to serve a four-year term on the Western Idaho Fair Board.

In English Roy F. Fox, assistant professor of

English, has been appointed to the National Council of Teachers of English committee to evaluate curriculum guide­lines and competency requirements. The evaluation will include the writing of guidelines for development of good English programs for kinder�s .. --�

through high school.

-.oa.'14

lntemtDJnli

U.S. Economy and the Dollar at

BoistJ Stilts Profs

Focus on ths

Economy

by Doaald B. BIDbtp

Over the put eighteen months or so the international value of the U.S. dollar. bas fallen about 20 percent (88 percent against the Swiss Frane, 34 percent against the Japanese Yen and 26 percent against the West German Mar.), while the deficit in the U.S. international hal· anee of paymeuts, measured in any num­ber of ways, bas continued to be unusually large.

The sizeable deficit in our merchan­dise trade balance with the rest of the world (roughly $31 billion in 1977 and $35 billion in 1978) has stimulated a sig­nificant increase in protectionist senti­ment among important groups in the American economy and therefore in the Congress.

It is almost useless to suggest that trade deficits are not, in and of them­selves, inherently dangerous or neces­sarily undesirable. Compounding the "trade problem" are the claims, especial­ly by organized labor, that the large multinational corporations are exporting American jobs, evidence to the contrary notwithstanding.

These trade and payments deficits and therefore the induced sentiments against free trade and investment have been brought about in large measure by the strong expansion in the American economy the past four years, the com-

JOHN MITCHELL has been with BSU since 1970. He has written several articles and conducted studies on a number of local topics. He also writes regular columns for state business maga­zines, and frequently speaks to civic groups on the state of the economy. Mitchell's main areas of Interest •re urban and regional

• economics.

Stilts

plementary high and rising rates of infla­tion, and the large U:S. oil import requirements.

In spite of what you read and bear, the declining fortunes of the dollar and therefore the prospects for a liberal and relatively free international economic order stem largely from the accelerating and absolutely higher rates of inflation in the United States relative to the rates of inflation in the economies of our prin· ciple tr�g paryners.

·

The value of the dollar will stabilize and the international balance of pay­ments of the United States will improve significantly only if the United States re-duces its rate of inflation relative to the rates of inflation in the rest of the world. (The dollar has risen relative to the Canadian dollar because they have had even more inflation plus the separatist issue.)

Success on this score depends funda­mentally on reducing the rate of growth in the money supply, which in tum will require a significant paring .of the mas­sive deficits which have accompanied the federal budget in recent years. The for­tunes of the dollar abroad are inex­tricably tied to the domestic fight against inflation.

Although there have been serious dis­locations in the international economy in recent years, and therefore tendencies for international disintegration (e.Jt'. the

impact of the OPEC oil cartel, Russian and Chinese crop failures, the Iranian crisis and protectionist attitudes here and abroad), the forces at work since World War ll leading to greater inter­national interdependence continue un­abated.

The relatively low tariff barriers to international trade in combination. with modttrately prosperous and expanding economies around the world pushed world exports in 1978 to approximately $1,200 billion, a level more than twice that of just five years before. The United States accounts for roughly 12 percent of that total.

International investment and capital flows continued in 1978 to enforce the growing intf.rdependenee of world eco­nomic activity. Foreign investment in the United States (e.g. Sony and Volks­wagen) continued its rapid rise of recent years, including a new concern that foreigners are buying up prime Ameri­can farm land (preliminary evidence sug­gests these fears are unwarranted).

U.S. multinational corporations con­tinued to expand into foreign markets, growth being especially buoyant in the industrial world. In recent years Ameri­can banks have followed their manufac­turing and mining customers abroad, and there are now more than 125 U.S. banks with at least one branch in a foreign country.

Nlllionli

'If We by John W. Mitchell

The American economy entered 1979 with a great deal of strength and momentum. Employment has continued

l to increase with over 11 million more people working now than at the start of the expansion in 1975, housing starts hovered around 2 million in 1978, and real growth in the fourth quarter of 1978 was at 6%.

The major problem remained inflation which last year was 9%, measured by the Consumer Price Index. The index crossed the 200 mark; thus we succeeded in doubling the price level since 1967. The outlook for 1979 will be heavily in­fluenced by actions taken to deal with the inflation problem.

At the present time the Administra­tion has seemingly committed itself to curtailing inflation with fiscal policy and the Federal Reserve System seems to be pursuing a course of moderation in monetary growth. The President's pro­posed budget will hold down growth in Federal spending to less than the infla­tion rate and reduce the budget deficit.

This action would facilitate the attempt of the Federal Reserve System to moderate the monetary growth rate

Idaho Economy.· Overall Outlook DONALD HOLLEY came to BSU In 1973. His Interests are mathe­matical economics and macro and micro economic theory. As proj­ect leader of the team that de­

. veloped a computer model to fore-cast revenues for the state, Holley has carefully studied the Idaho economy for several years. He presents those forecasts to the legislature each January.

by Don Holley

There are factors which have trig­gered some changes in the basic char­acter of the Idaho economy. In 1870, 60% of the labor force was involved in mining; today only 1.5% of the labor force is so employed. This is a rather obvious and trivial observation, but other phenomena are not so obvious nor so trivial.

Changing technology has reduced agricultural employment while agricul­tural output has risen. Thus, next year and in the years to come there will be fewer farmers and larger farms, more antagonism toward corporate farms and with fewer farmers, more militancy for farm support programs.

All in all, though, the farm sector will

be very healthy in 1979. Sugar beet pro­duction will be down and potato prices may not be as high as desired, but this should be a good year for wheat, peas and livestock. It should be pointed out that Idaho's single most valuable agricul­tural product is not potatoes but cattle, and to quote an anonymous legislator and cattle rancher, ''This is the first year a cow has been an asset rather than a liability."

The non-agricultural sectors of the state anticipate some growth and some decline. Bucyrus-Erie in Poeateilo doesn't seem to be growing as fast as originally thought, and a weakening national economy will cause the lumber industry to slow substantially. The mobile home and recreational vehicle industry also looks weak, but chemicals

' ----

'

the Crossroad Claims of these banks on the residents

of foreign countries are in the hundreds of billions of dollars. The presence of foreign banks in the United States has also grown very rapidly in recent years, to the degree that they have more than ten percent of business loans in the U.S. economy.

The multinational trade negotiations under the auspices of the General Agree­ment for Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which have been underway in Geneva, Switzerland for a number of years, will by the end of February be concluded. There will either be an agreement to continue the post World War II momen­tum to reduce the barriers to inter­national trade and therefore carry on the tradition of a liberal international eco­nomic order, or the negotiations will fal­ter on a last minute snag in the com­promise arrangements which still need to be worked out between the United States and the European Economic Com­munity. It will remain for the U.S. Con­gress to ratify the proposed agreements; a prospect which is very problematical.

Related to these trade negotiations, but even broader in scope and impor­tance, is the demand on the part of the third world for a "New International Economic Order" (NIEO). These de­mands, brought to fruition in the United Nations and related international organi­zations, entail a fundamental alteration in the institutions and objectives of the

international economy. Arms length, market kinds of trans­

actions which have dominated the inter­national scene in past decades would be significantly displaced or supplanted with a political form of competition stressing the transfer of wealth from the rich nations of the world to the poor nations of the world in the name of equity and justice.

The rule of law in property rights would be replaced with a Jaw of the jungle. Developing poor nations would claim the right to expropriate foreign investments, and the industrial west would be required to support the forma­tion of additional commodity cartels similar to the OPEC oil cartel.

The international economy would be predicated on a set of institutions designed to transfer wealth rather than the traditional private property, market system which emphasizes the creation of wealth. The implications of this "North­South" debate are obviously momentous.

The new year, in summary, guaran­tees both controversial and important issues relating to the nature of the inter­national economy, its growth, and the place of the U.S. economy in this world picture. The role and value of the U.S. dollar, the level of world trade and investment, the beneficial effects of a liberal international economic order are all to one degree or another on the line in 1979. •

DONALD BILLINGS joined the BSU faculty In 1972. His primary areas of economic Interest are money, banking, monetary theory and International economics. He has served as an International economist for the Bureau of Inter­national Commerce and written several articles in that field.

otmJ515

Don't Get Our.House in Order Now, When? which is a necessary condition to deal with the inflation problem. Both the major tools are on slow - the major question is, will the policies persist in their present stance? Assuming that they do, a slowdown is inevitable.

A period of slow growth and some in­crease in unemployment will be a pre­requisite to mitigate inflationary pres­sures. The slowdown will result in less pressure on prices in labor and raw materials markets and lead to revision in price expectations and eventually a lower rate of inflation. The process takes time and must be regarded as a short term cost for a longer term benefit.

The argument for this was eloquently stated by Karl Brunner in the November Review of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis:

The issue is simply this: the social cost of persistent inflation exceeds, in our judgment, the social cost of a once-and­for-aU return to a stable price leveL Per­sistent inflation does not proceed in the pleasing fashion of a smooth and fu.Uy anticipated path involving fu.Uy-adjusted institutiom and behavior. It is an erratic process with ltJrge uncertainties gen· erating ltJrge variatiom in real growth and a comparatively high level of normal

unemployment. The road leading out of inflation is costly and unpleasant indeed, but the alternative is much wor1e.

Following this course will force �cy makers to avoid the knee jerk attempts to push up the money supply and Fed­eral spending at the first signs of slower growth. This will be difficult, but per­haps this time current public attitudes with their antigovernment sentiments will allow moderate policies to continue.

The current administration seems to be committed to policies that will lessen inflation-the strength of the commit­ment will be tested as the election approaches. It is interesting to note that the Carter Administration did not promise that inflation and unemploy­ment would come down quick!y-a step towards honesty in policy making.

The President said in his State of the Union address that it is a myth that we must choose endlessly between inflation and recession. I would certainly agree with this, but this is not to say that once one has a deeply rooted inflation, you can get back to price stability without a slowdown. Once there, we can consis­tently adopt monetary and fiscal policies consistent with price stability.

We have simply chosen not to do so in

looks Good (including phosphate and atomic energy) and electronics look strong and there are no signs of weaknesses in the metals nor the other varied manufacturing that exists around the state. In addition, given the experience we have had in the past, it would not be surprising if in 1979 a major new firm were to announce a plant siting in Idaho thus contributing even more to economic growth.

Substantial growth will continue to occur in the service sector of the state, especially in retail trade. It seems that new retail establishments are opening up in all regions as if the Idaho market has just been discovered. Last of all, given the 1% initiative there will be some decline of employment in the gov­ernment sector, especially state and local. This will simply redistribute pur-

,

chasing power from the public to the private sector and should provide even greater impetus to the retail sector.

Over all, the economic outlook looks good. A recession in the national econ­omy will cause a slowdown in the Idaho lumber and wood products industry (which mcludes the mobile home indus­try), and it looks like the growth in Poca­tello due to Bucyrus-Erie has mod­erated. There are few other indicators of a downturn in economic activity. Agri­culture will be strong, as will manufac­turing other than lumber. A weak gov­ernment sector will hardly be noticed, and the retail sector will continue to show the most growth.

·the past. The conditions may be right for a mod·

erate slowdown in 1979 in that we do not have the inventory imbalances that were present prior to the last recession. Inventories are at very low levels right now; in addition the past weakness of the dollar in international markets will start to pay off in higher exports this year as foreign economies are stronger.

The housing industry has acquired some resilience against high nominal interest rates with demographic trends supporting demand at a high level and modification in financial institutions such that funds continue to be made available in states that do not have usury ceilings.

The likelihood of strikes and possible disruptions from the reduced flow of Iranian oil into world markets could off- ·

set some of these strengths. This year offers us a chance that we as

a society may not have again. A disturb· ing article in the January 29, 1979 Business Week offers the hypothesis that the constituency for fighting infla­tion may be diminishing.

For example many persons now have their pensions indexed, the homebuild­ers are not hurt by high interest rates

the way that they once were, many workers have cost of living provisions in contracts. We are moving in the direc­tion of an indexed economy. This is cer­tainly to be expected after a decade and a half of inflation.

People will very rationally find ways to protect themselves by altering be· havior. The major problem is that we are noJ; protecting ourselves against what is perhaps the most serious threat of infla­tion in our system-the discouragement of capital investment.

An increase in the real standard of liv· ing requires research and development, activities to develop new technologies, and the creation of physical capital to embody the new techniques. In our sys­tem the process of inflation results in the taxation of capital as profits are over­stated by allowing deduction of historical costs for depreciation.

Resources are diverted to the produc­tion of goods perceived as inflation hedges - gold, sUver, real estate -rather than capitlil equipment and the like that will have payoffs in the distant future. Our productivity continues to lag. If we do not get our house 1in order now, when?

Focus on a Busy ·Februaly-March Wednesday, February 21

Jazz Festival, all day, SUB Income Tax Assistance, 3-9 p.m., SUB Solar Eclipse lecture, E-112, 7:30p.m. Pan hellenic Association Scholarship Dinner, 5:30 p.m., SUB Concert, Buddy Rich, 8 p.m. SUB Ballroom

Thursday, February 22 Jazz Festival, all day, SUB ASS Primary Elections, 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Concert, Toshiko Akiyoshi and Lew Tabackin,

8:15p.m., SUB Ballroom

Friday, Feb. 24 Wrestling, BSU, Big Sky Championships, All Day Women's Basketball, 5:30p.m., Gym

Saturday, Feb. 24 Income Tax Assistance, 9 a.m.-5 p.m., SUB Gymnastics, 1 p.m., Gym

Sunday, Feb. 25 Lecture, Father t-!arry, 2 p.m., SPEC Film, "The Boys in Company C," 8 p.m., SPEC

Monday, February 26 Sign Language Club, every Monday, 5:30 p.m., Multi Culture Center Women's Basketball, U. of Alaska, 7 p.m., Gym Lecture, Father Harry, 8 p.m., SPEC

Tuesday, February 27 Audubon Society Banquet, 7 p.m., SUB Ballroom Women's Basketball, U. of Alaska, 7 p.m., Gym

Wednesday, February 28 Income Tax Assistance, 3-9 p.m., SUB

Thursday, March 1 State Board of Education, all day, SUB BSU Scholarship Applications due Deadline for Student Teaching Applications

Friday, March 2 Opera Theatre, 8:15p.m., SPEC State Board of Education, all day, SUB "The Little Foxes," Subal Theatre, 8:15 p.m., through March 1 0

Saturday, March 3 Income Tax Assistance, 9 a.m.-5 p.m., SUB Opera Theatre, 8:15p.m., SPEC Women's Basketball, Washington State U., 8 p.m.,Gym

Gymnastics, University of Idaho, 2 p.m., Gym Women's Track & Field, Invitational, all day

Sunday, March 4 Duo Piano Ensemble, MD111, 8:15p.m.

Monday, March 5 Continuity of Care and Discharge Planning, Nurs­ing Workshop, all day, SUB Opening Concert, Spring Music Tour, 8:15 p.m.,

Gym

Tuesday, March 6 Spring Music Tour, Weiser H.S. Gym, 8 p.m.

Wednesday, March 7 Income Tax Ass I stances, 3-9 p.m., SUB Spring Music Tour, Clarkstgn, Wash. H.S. Gym, 8p.m. _

Thursday, March 8 Spring Music Tour, Moscow H.S. Gym, 8 p.m. Slide Lecture, "Chartres cathedral," Malcolm Miller, 8 p.m., SPEC

Saturday, March 10 Income Tax Assistance, 9 a.m.-5 p.m., SUB Spring Music Tour, West Valley H.S., Spokane, 8 p.m., Gym "The Little Foxes," 8:15p.m., Gym

Sunday, March 11 Film, "The0men,"8p.m., SPEC

Monday, March 12 University Gallery, Part II, Nine from Los Angeles, 8:30 a.m.-4:30p.m., weekdays, through March29 Student Recognition Banquet, 6:30 p.m., SUB Ballroom

Tuesday, March 13 Ada County Senior Citizens Talent Contest, SUB Ballroom

Wednesday, March 14 Income Tax Assistance, 3-9 p.m., SUB Poet Galway Kinnell, 8 p.m., Boise Gallery of Art

Thursday, March 15 Poet Galway Kinnell, 8 p.m., SUB Lookout Room Social Work Workshop, "Family," all day, SUB,

�--------------------------l

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